== I. [[ORGANIZACION_DE_LA_INGESTA_OTORDUAK/en|ORGANISING FOOD INTAKE]] ==
=== [[#Comidas_domesticas_en_dias_laborables|Household meals on working days]] ===
*==== [[#Distribucion_de_las_comidas|Distribution of the meals]]====
*==== [[#Horarios|Times]]====
*==== [[#Composicion_de_cada_comida|Composition of each meal]]====
*==== [[#Refecciones_matutinas_Barausia_Gosaria_Amaiketakoa|Morning refreshments]]====
*==== [[#Comida_Bazkaria|Lunch]]====
*==== [[#Merienda|Afternoon snack]]====
*==== [[#Cena_Afaria|Dinner]]====
=== [[#Comidas_fuera_del_hogar_pastores_pescadores_y_otros|Meals outside the home: shepherds, fishermen and others]] ===
=== [[#Comidas_de_domingo|Sunday meals]] ===
=== [[#Secuencia_de_los_diversos_platos|Sequence of the different dishes]] ===
=== [[#Colocacion_de_los_comensales|Seating arrangements]] ===
=== [[#La_mesa|The table]] ===
=== [[#Del_plato_comun_al_plato_individual|From the communal dish to the individual plate]] ===
=== [[#Los_cubiertos|Cutlery]] ===&emspensp;
== II. [[PLEGARIAS_EN_LA_MESA_FAMILIAR/en|PRAYING AT FAMILY MEALTIMES]] ==
=== [[#Vigencia_de_la_bendicion|Effect of the blessing]] ===
=== [[#Oraciones_familiares|Family prayers]] ===
=== [[#El_rito_de_la_bendicion_de_la_mesa|Rite of blessing the table]] ===
=== [[#Plegarias_de_bendicion|Blessing prayers]] ===
*==== [[#Formulas_de_bendicion_en_euskera|Blessing formulas in Basque]]====
*==== [[#Formulas_de_bendicion_en_castellano|Blessing formulas in Spanish]]====
*==== [[#Recuerdo_de_los_familiares_difuntos|Remembering dead relatives]]====
*==== [[#Oraciones_despues_de_las_comidas|Prayers after meals]]====
*==== [[#Formulas_de_cortesia|Polite forms of address]]====
*==== [[#Bendiciones_jocosas|Tongue-in-cheek blessings]]====&emspensp;
== III. [[LA_ELABORACION_TRADICIONAL_DEL_PAN/en|TRADITIONAL BREAD MAKING]] ==
=== [[#Generalidades|General points]] ===
*==== [[#Periodicidad_de_la_hornada|Frequency of the batch bakes]]====
*==== [[#Las_harinas|The flours]]====
=== [[#Preparacion_del_horno_Labasua|Preparing the oven]] ===
*<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">==== [[#Utensilios_empleados_y_operaciones_efectuadas_en_el_horno_Carga_encendido_y_limpieza_dispersión_y_acumulación_de_las_brasas_barrido_de_la_solera_introducción_y_extracción_de_los_panes|Utensils used and operations carried out in the oven: Fuelling, lighting and cleaning spreading and building up the embers, sweeping the floor, loading and removing the loaves]]====</div>
*==== [[#El_combustible|The fuel]]====
*==== [[#Otros_usos_del_horno|Other uses of the oven]]====
=== [[#El_pan_de_trigo_Ogia|Wheat bread]] ===
*==== [[#La_levadura_Azkarria_Origen_conservacion_y_preparacion|Yeast: Source, storage and preparation]]====
*==== [[#Amasamiento_y_elaboracion_de_las_piezas_de_pan_Ogia_ezarri|Kneading and preparing the individual loaves]]====
**The trough
**Storing the bread
*==== [[#Agregados_a_la_harina_de_trigo|Additions to the wheat flour]]====
**Usual dough ingredients
**Rye bread
*==== [[#Forma_y_peso_del_pan_Tipos_de_panes|Shape and weight of the bread. Types of bread]]====
**Bread loaf
**Bread with egg or chorizo sausage
*==== [[#El_pan_en_la_actualidad|The bread today]]====
=== [[#La_harina_de_maiz|Corn flour]] ===
*==== [[#El_pan_de_maiz_Artoa|Cornbread]]====
**Area eaten
**Eating the cornbread
*==== [[#El_talo|''Talo'' (Corn flatbread)]]====
**Eating ''talo''
**Food eaten with ''talo''
*==== [[#El_morokil_y_papillas_similares|''Morokil'' (Corn porridge) and similar cereal porridges]]====
=== [[#Ritos_y_creencias_asociados_al_pan|Rites and beliefs associated with bread]] ===
*==== [[#Tratamiento_ritual_del_pan_domestico|Ritual treatment of household bread]]====
*==== [[#El_pan_ofrecido_a_los_mendigos|The bread offered to beggars]]====
*==== [[#Reparto_de_pan_en_la_iglesia|Bread handed out at church]]====
*==== [[#El_pan_de_ofrendas_Olata_En_el_funeral_en_la_sepultura_familiar_en_Todos_los_Santos_y_el_Dia_de_Difuntos|Offertory bread: During the funeral, at the family grave, on All Saints and All Souls']]====&emspensp;
== IV. [[MATANZA_DOMESTICA_DE_ANIMALES/en|DOMESTIC SLAUGHTERING OF ANIMALS ]] ==
=== [[#Matanza_del_cerdo|Pig slaughtering]] ===
*==== [[#Engorde|Fattening]]====
*==== [[#Tiempo_de_la_matanza_y_creencias_Azeguna|Timing of the slaughter and beliefs]]====
*==== [[#Sacrificio_Txerri_hiltzea|Slaughter]]====
*==== [[#El_chamuscado|Carcass singeing]]====
*==== [[#Vaciamiento|Gutting]]====
*==== [[#Enfriamiento_y_reposo|Cooling and resting]]====
*==== [[#Pesada_y_despiece|Weighing and jointing]]====
*==== [[#Los_embutidos|Cured meats]]====
**Black puddings: Preparation and varieties
**Other cured meats: Sausages, salcichón (cured sausage), butifarra (blood sausage), boar's head (brawn)
*==== [[#Conservacion_de_otras_partes_del_cerdo|Preserving others parts of the pig]]====
**Hams
**Loins, ribs, ears, legs and snouts
*==== [[#Obsequios_con_ocasion_de_la_matanza|Gifts at slaughter time]]====
*==== [[#Transformaciones_en_la_matanza_domestica_del_cerdo|Changes in the domestic slaughtering of the pig]]====
=== [[#Ovejas_y_corderos_Ardikia|Ewes and lambs]] ===
*==== [[#Sacrificio|Slaughter]]====
*==== [[#Embutidos|Cured meats]]====
=== [[#Cabras_y_cabritos|Nanny goats and kids]] ===
=== [[#Ganado_mayor|Large livestock]] ===
*==== [[#Ganado_vacuno_La_cecina_Arakia|Cattle. ''Cecina'' (Cured, air-dried beef)]]====
*==== [[#Caballos|Horses]]====
=== [[#Conejos|Rabbits]] ===
=== [[#Aves_domesticas|Poultry]] ===
*==== [[#Gallinas_pollos_capones_y_gallos|Hens, chickens, capons and cockerels]]====
*==== [[#Pavos|Turkeys]]====
*==== [[#Palomas_y_pichones|Doves and pigeons]]====
*==== [[#Patos_y_ocas|Ducks and geese]]====
=== [[#Carnes_de_caza|Game]] ===&emspensp;
== V. [[LA_LECHE_Y_SUS_DERIVADOS/en|MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS ]] ==
=== [[#La_leche|Milk]] ===
*==== [[#Tipos_consumo_y_comercializacion|Types, consumption and marketing]]====
**Ewe's milk
**Ass's milk
*==== [[#La_leche_perdida|Spoiled milk]]====
*==== [[#Piedras_rusientes_Esne_arriak|Hot stones]]====
*==== [[#La_nata|Cream]]====
*==== [[#El_calostro_Esne_barria|Colostrum]]====
=== [[#El_queso|Cheese]] ===
*==== [[#Los_quesos_en_funcion_del_tipo_de leche|The cheeses depending on the type of milk]]====
*==== [[#Elaboracion_tradicional_del_queso_de_oveja|Traditional methods for making ewe's cheese]]====
**Milking
**Adding salt
*==== [[#El_suero_Gazura|Whey]]====
*==== [[#Maduracion_y_conservacion_de_los_quesos|Maturing and storing the cheeses]]====
*==== [[#Formas_y_tipos_de_queso|Shapes and types of cheese]]====
*==== [[#Comercializacion_del_queso|Marketing the cheese]]====
*==== [[#Utensilios_empleados_en_la_elaboracion_del_queso|Utensils used to make the cheese]]====
=== [[#Otros_derivados_lacteos|Other dairy products]] ===
*==== [[#Requeson_Zenbera|Curd cheese]]====
*==== [[#La_cuajada_Mamia_Gatzatua|Junket]]====
*==== [[#Mantequilla|Butter]]====
*==== [[#Yogur|Yoghurt]]====&emspensp;
== VI. [[CONSUMO_Y_CONSERVACION_DE_PRODUCTOS_VEGETALES/en|CONSUMING AND PRESERVING VEGETABLE PRODUCTS ]] ==
=== [[#Consumo_de_productos_horticolas|Consumption of horticultural products]] ===
*==== [[#Legumbres|Pulses and beans]]====
*==== [[#Verduras_y_otros_productos_vegetales|Leafy vegetables and other vegetable products]]====
=== [[#Metodos_domesticos_de_conservacion|Domestic preserving methods]] ===
*==== [[#Desecacion|Drying]]====
*==== [[#Conservacion_con_azucar|Preserving using sugar]]====
*==== [[#Conservacion_en_vinagre|Preserving in vinegar]]====
*==== [[#Envasado|Bottling and canning]]====
*==== [[#Conservacion_en_frio|Cold preservation]]====
=== [[#Productos_conservados|Preserved products]] ===
*==== [[#Frutas|Fruit]]====
*==== [[#Frutos_secos|Dried fruit and nuts]]====
*==== [[#Legumbres_Conservacion|Pulses and beans]]====
*==== [[#Hortalizas|Vegetables]]====
=== [[#La_congelacion|Freezing]] ===
*==== [[Legumbres#Legumbres_Congelacion|Pulses and beans]]====
*==== [[#Verduras|Leafy vegetables]]====
*==== [[Frutas#Frutas_Congelacion|Fruit]]====
*==== [[#Setas|Mushroom]]====
*==== [[#Otros_productos_no_vegetales|Other non-plant products]]====
*==== [[#Alimentos_cocinados|Cooked food]]====
*==== [[#Alimentos_congelados|Frozen food]]====&emspensp;
== VII. [[PREPARACION_Y_CONSERVACION_DE_HUEVOS/en|PREPARING AND PRESERVING EGGS ]] ==
=== [[#Preparacion_de_huevos|Preparing eggs]] ===
*==== [[#Asados|Baked]]====
*==== [[#Cocinados_en_agua|Cooked in water]]====
*==== [[#Cocinados_en_aceite|Cooked in oil]]====
*==== [[#Acompañando_a_otros_ingredientes|Added to other ingredients]]====
*==== [[#Otras_aplicaciones|Other applications]]====
=== [[#Conservacion_de_huevos|Preserving eggs]] ===
*==== [[#Conservacion_en_cal|Preserving in lime]]====
*==== [[Conservación_en_sal#Conservacion_en_sal|Preserving in salt]]====
*==== [[#Otros_procedimientos_de_conservacion|Other preserving procedures ]]====&emspensp;
== VIII. CONSUMPTION OF [[CONSUMO_DE_ANIMALES_ACUATICOS/en|EATING AQUATIC LIFE ]] ==
=== [[#Animales_marinos|Marine life]] ===
*==== [[#Mariscos|Shellfish]]====
**Molluscs
**Crustaceans
*==== [[#Pescados|Fish]]====
**Frequently consumed Most frequently eaten species**More restricted consumption speciesSpecies eaten less frequently
*==== [[#Las_angulas_Pesca_y_preparacion|Elvers: Fishing and preparation]]====
=== [[#Animales_de_agua_dulce|Fresh water life]] ===
*==== [[#Peces_de_rio|River fish]]====
*==== [[#Crustaceos|Crustaceans]]====
*==== [[#Las_ranas|Frogs]]====&emspensp;
== IX. CONSUMPTION OF [[CONSUMO_DE_SETAS_Y_CARACOLES/en|EATING MUSHROOMS AND SNAILS ]] ==
=== [[#Las_setas|Mushrooms]] ===
*==== [[#Toxicidad|Toxicity]]====
*==== [[Conservacion#Conservacion1|Preserving]]====
*==== [[#Cultivo_del_champiñón|Growing button mushrooms]]====
*==== [[#Preparacion_de_las_setas|Preparing mushrooms]]====
*==== [[#Introduccion_de_nuevas_especies|Introducing new species]]====
*==== [[#Recogida|Harvesting]]====
*==== [[#Descripcion_de_especies|Species description]]====
**Most consumed mushrooms
**Unspecified mushrooms
=== [[#Los_caracoles|Snails]] ===
*==== [[#Variedades_recogidas|Varieties harvested]]====
*==== [[#Epocas_de_recogida|Harvest periods]]====
*==== [[#Diferentes_actitudes_ante_el_consumo_de_caracoles|Different attitudes to eating snails]]====
*==== [[#Mantenimiento_de_los_caracoles_recogidos|Keeping the harvested snails]]====
*==== [[#Limpieza_de_los_caracoles|Cleaning the snails]]====
*==== [[#Coccion_de_los_caracoles|Cooking the snails]]====
*==== [[#Preparacion_de_los_caracoles|Preparing the snails]]====
*==== [[#Elaboracion_de_caldo_con_el_agua_de_coccion|Making stock using the cooking water]]====&emspensp;
== X. [[PREPARACION_DE_LAS_COMIDAS_DOMESTICAS/en|PREPARING THE MEALS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD ]] ==
=== [[#El_fuego|Heat sourceThe Hearth]] ===
=== [[#Los_utensilios|Utensils]] ===
=== [[#Cultura_culinaria|Culinary culture]] ===
=== [[#Caldos_y_sopas|Stocks and soups]] ===
=== [[#Cocidos_de_legumbres_Lapikokoak_Eltzekoak|Pulse and bean stews]] ===
=== [[#Cocidos_de_verduras_y_hortalizas|Vegetable stews]] ===
=== [[#Cocidos_de_patata|Potato stews]] ===
=== [[#Ensaladas|Salads]] ===
=== [[#Arroz|Rice]] ===
=== [[#Pastas|Pasta]] ===
=== [[#Carnes|Meat]] ===
*==== [[#Carnes_de_ganado_porcino_Txarrikia|Pork]]====
*==== [[#Carnes_de_ganado_ovino_Ardikia|Mutton and lamb]]====
*==== [[#Carnes_de_ganado_bovino_Arakia|Beef and veal]]====
=== [[#Aves_Egaztiak|Poultry]] ===
=== [[#Platos_de_caza|Game dishes]] ===
=== [[#Fritos|Fried dishes]] ===
=== [[Pescados#Pescados1|Fish]] ===
=== [[#Postres|Desserts]] ===
=== [[#Condimentos|Condiments]] ===
*==== [[#Condimentos_vegetales|Vegetable seasonings]]====
*==== [[#Aceites|Oil]]====
*==== [[#Condimentos_de_origen_animal|Animal-based seasonings]]====
*==== [[#Otros_condimentos|Other condiments]]====&emspensp;
== XI. [[BEBIDAS/en|BEVERAGES ]] ==
=== [[#El_agua|Water]] ===
=== [[#La_limonada|Lemonade]] ===
=== [[#El_vino_Ardoa|Wine]] ===
*==== [[#Consumo|Consumption]]====
*==== [[#Area_de_produccion_y_clases_de_uva|Production area and types of grape]]====
*==== [[#Elaboracion_del_vino|Wine making]]====
**The winery. Treading grapes in the winepress
**Decanting the wine
*==== [[#Clases_de_vino|Types of wine]]====
=== [[#Txakolina_El_chacoli|Txakoli wine]] ===
*==== [[#Elaboracion_del_txakoli|Making Txakoli]]====
=== [[#Sagardoa_La_sidra|Cider]] ===
*==== [[#Recogida_de_la_manzana|Harvesting the apples]]====
*==== [[#El_lagar_Dolara|The press]]====
*==== [[#Elaboracion_de_la_sidra|Cider making]]====
*==== [[#Consumo_y_embotellado|Drinking and bottling]]====
*==== [[#Pitarra|''Pitarra'' (apple must)]]====
=== [[#La_cerveza|Beer]] ===
=== [[#Licores_Aguardiente_pacharan_y_otros|Spirits: Eau-de-vie, Pacharán (liqueur made from fermented sloes) and others]] ===
=== [[Otras_bebidas#Otras_bebidas1|Other beverages]] ===
=== [[#El_cafe|Coffee]] ===
=== [[#Las_infusiones|Herbal teas]] ===&emspensp;
== XII. [[TABACO/en|TOBACCO ]] ==
=== [[#Iniciacion_en_el_habito_de_fumar/en|Starting smoking]] ===
=== [[#Sucedaneos_del_tabaco|Tobacco substitutes]] ===
=== [[#Cultivo_y_elaboracion_domesticos_del_tabaco|Growing and producing tobacco at home]] ===
=== [[#Formas_de_presentacion_del_tabaco|Tobacco forms of presentation]] ===
=== [[#Ventajas_atribuidas_al_tabaco|Benefits attributed to tobacco]] ===
=== [[#Pipas_y_boquillas|Pipes and cigarette holders]] ===
=== [[#Petacas_y_pitilleras|Pouches and cases]] ===
=== [[#Encendedores|Lighters]] ===&emspensp;
== XIII. [[ALIMENTOS_Y_COMIDAS_RITUALES/en|RITUAL MEALS AND FOOD ]] ==
=== [[#Comidas_ligadas_a_festividades_y_tiempos_del_calendario|Meals connected with festivities and times of the year]] ===
*==== [[#El_ciclo_de_la_Navidad|The Christmas cycle]]====
**Food gifts: Snacks and treats
***Christmas Eve dinner according to current surveys
*==== [[#Postres_navideños_lntxaursaltza_compota_sopa_cana_turrones_y_mazapanes_almendras_garrapiñadas|Christmas desserts: ''Intxaursaltza'' (Nut Sauce), compote, cinnamon soup, nougat and marzipan, sugared almonds]]====
*==== [[#Natividad_Eguberri_Nochevieja_Gabonzar_Año_Nuevo_Urteberri_Dia_de_Reyes_Erregena|Christmas Day, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, Epiphany ]]====
=== [[#Comidas_del_tiempo_de_Carnaval|Meals at Carnival time]] ===
*==== [[#Candelaria_Tostadas|Candlemas. Cinnamon French Toast]]====
*==== [[#San_Blas_Bendicion_de_alimentos|San Blas. Blessing of food]]====
*==== [[#Postulaciones_y_comidas_colectivas|Postulations and communal meals]]====
**St. Agatha's Eve
**Fat Thursday
*==== [[#Carnavales_Ihauteriak|Carnival]]====
*==== [[#Platos_tradicionales_de_Carnaval|Traditional Carnival dishes]]====
=== [[#Ayunos_y_abstinencias|Fasting and abstinence]] ===
*==== [[#Legislacion_ canonica|Canon law]]====
*==== [[#La_alimentacion_en_los_dias_de_ayuno_y_abstinencia|Food on fasting and abstinence days]]====
=== [[#Pascua_de_Resurreccion_Pazko_Eguna|Easter Sunday]] ===
*==== [[#Ritos_con_el_pan_y_el_agua|Rites with bread and water]]====
*==== [[#La_torta_pascual_Paskopilla_morrokoa_ranzopil|Easter cake]]====
=== [[#Banquetes_domesticos_y_comidas_colectivas_en_las_fiestas_patronales|Household celebratory meals and communal meals to mark the patron saints' festivities]] ===
=== [[#Agapes_en_ermitas_y_santuarios|Celebrations at chapels and shrines]] ===
*==== [[#Refaccion_a_la_conclusion_de_la_misa|Light refreshments at the end of mass]]====
*==== [[#Comidas_de_romeria|Pilgrimage meals]]====
*==== [[#Bendicion_de_alimentos_en_ermitas|Blessing food at shrines]]====
*==== [[#Banquetes_de_Cofradias_y_Hermandades|Brotherhood celebratory meals]]====
=== [[#Comidas_al_finalizar_trabajos_colectivos|Meals at the end of collective work]] ===
*==== [[#Txarriboda_Matanza_del_cerdo|Pig slaughtering]]====
*==== [[#Bizkar_festa_Remate_del_tejado_de_una_casa|Finishing the roofing of a house]]====
*==== [[#Comidas_de_auzolan_Trabajos_comunitarios|''Auzolan'' (neighbourhood labour) meals Community work]]====
*==== [[#Comidas_a_la_conclusion_de_trabajos_de_colaboracion|Meals at the end of collaborative work]]====
=== [[#Banquetes_en_los_ritos_de_pasaje|Meals to celebrate the rites of passage]] ===
*==== [[#Parto_y_nacimiento|Delivery and birth]]====
*==== [[#Bautizo|Baptism]]====
*==== [[#Fiestas_de_cumpleaños_Urtebetetzeak|Birthday parties]]====
*==== [[#Primeras_comuniones|First Holy Communions]]====
*==== [[#Bodas_Ezteguak|Weddings]]====
*==== [[#Agapes_funerarios|Funeral wakes]]====&emspensp;
<div style== XIV. CHANGES TO THE HOUSEHOLD FOOD SYSTEM DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY =="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
=== XIV. [[De_la_monotonía_a_la_diversidadTRANSFORMACIONES_OPERADAS_DURANTE_EL_PRESENTE_SIGLO_EN_EL_REGIMEN_ALIMENTARIO_DOMESTICO/en|De la monotonía a la diversidadCHANGES TO THE HOUSEHOLD DIETARY REGIME DURING THE 20TH CENTURY]] ===
*=== [[Perdida_de_la_autarquia#De_la_monotonia_a_la_diversidad|Pérdida de la autarquíaFrom monotony to diversity]]===
*==== [[Elaboraciones_domesticas#Perdida_de_la_autarquia|Elaboraciones domésticasEnd of autarky]]====
*==== [[Modificaciones_en_la_dieta_cotidiana#Elaboraciones_domesticas|Modificaciones en la dieta cotidianaHome-made products]]====
*==== [[Actitudes_ante_a_la_alimentacion#Modificaciones_en_la_dieta_cotidiana|Actitudes ante a la alimentaciónChanges in daily diet]]====
*==== [[Transformaciones_del_contexto_social#Actitudes_ante_a_la_alimentacion|Transformaciones del contexto socialAttitudes towards food]]====
*==== [[Nuevos_equipamientos#Transformaciones_del_contexto_social|Nuevos equipamientosChanges in social context]]====
*==== [[Transiciones_mas_recientes#Nuevos_equipamientos|Transiciones más recientesNew equipment]] ====
== XV. FOOD IN THE NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTR OR IPARRALDE (LYING WITHIN FRANCE) (SUMMARY) ==[[#Transiciones_mas_recientes|More recent transitions]] ==== 
=== XV. [[Les_grands_changementsLA_ALIMENTACION_EN_IPARRALDE/en|Les grands changementsFOOD IN THE NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY]] ===
=== [[Organisation_des_repas|Organisation des repas]] === *[[Organisation_de_la_table|Organisation de la table]] *[[Les_repas_particuliers_au_cours_de_la_vie_tout_au_long_de_l_annee|Les repas particuliers au cours de la vie, tout au long de l'année]] *[[Les_productions_fruitieres_et_vegetables|Les productions fruitières et végetables]] **Fruits**Légumes *[[Les_rites_avant_et_pendant_le_repas|Les rites avant et pendant le repas]] *[[Le_pain|Le pain]] *[[Le_lait|Le lait]] *[[La_viande|La viande]] *[[Les_oeufs_Les_poissons_Les_escargots|Les oeufs - Les poissons - Les escargots]] *[[Le_miel|Le miel]] *[[Les_assaisonnements|Les assaisonnements]] *[[Les_boissons_vin_cidre_alcool_cafe_eau_tisane|Les boissons: vin - cidre - alcool - café - eau – tisane]] *[[Le_tabac|Le tabac]] {{#bookTitle:Alimentación doméstica en Vasconia Family Diet in the Basque Country | Alimentacion_domestica_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}