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= CASA Y TERRITORIO HOUSE AND TERRITORY =
== I. [[EL_POBLAMIENTO_EN_VASCONIA/en|THE SETTLEMENT OF PATTERNS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY]] ==
=== [[#Variacion_latitudinal_en_el_poblamiento|Latitudinal settlement patterns]] ===
=== [[#Factores_geograficos_e_historicos|Historical and geographical factors]] ===
*==== [[#El_caso_de Luzaide_Valcarlos_(N)|The Luzaide/ Valcarlos (N) case]]====
*==== [[#La_barranca_(N)|La barranca (N)]]====
=== [[#Poblamiento_disperso|Dispersed settlements]] ===
*==== [[#Antecedentes_remotos|Distant past]]====
*==== [[#Antecedentes_historicos|Historical background]]====
*==== [[#Ejemplos_de_poblamiento_disperso|Examples of dispersed settlements]]====
*==== [[#Creacion_de_nuevos_caserios|Establishing new homesteads]]====
=== [[#Poblamiento_concentrado|Establishing new homesteads]] ===
*==== [[#Antecedentes|Background]]====
*==== [[#Ejemplos_de_poblamiento_concentrado|Examples of concentrated settlement]]====
*==== [[#Crecimiento_de_las_poblaciones_actuales|Growth of the current settlements]]====
 
== II. [[RELACION_DE_LA_CASA_CON_EL_SUELO_EL_CLIMA_Y_LA_ACTIVIDAD/en|RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOUSE WITH THE SOIL, CLIMATE AND ACTIVITY]] ==
=== [[#La_casa_y_su_entorno|The house and its setting]] ===
*==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_suelo|The relationship Relationship of the house with the soil]]====
**Influence of the substrate
**Influence of the terrain
*==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_clima|The relationship of the house with the climate]]====
**Walls, openings and orientation
**Examples and current situation
=== [[#La_casa_y_la_actividad_de_sus_moradores|The house and the activity of its dwellers]] ===
*==== [[#Actividad_agropecuaria|Agriculture]]====
*==== [[#Actividad_comercial|Commercial]]====
*==== [[#Adaptaciones_actuales|Current adaptations]]====
=== [[#Apendice_la_influencia_de_la_produccion_en_los_tipos_de_caserios|Appendix: Influence of the production on the types of homesteads]] ===
 
== III. [[DENOMINACION_ORIENTACION_Y_SITURACION_DE_LAS_CASAS/en|NAME, ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF THE HOUSES]] ==
=== [[#Delimitacion_del_concepto_de_casa_y_denominaciones|Definition of the house concept and names]] ===
=== [[#Denominacion_de_la_casa|Name of the house]] ===
*==== [[#Nombre_apellido_y_apodo_del_dueño|Name, surname and nickname of the owner]]====
*==== [[#Oficio_y_actividad_del_propietario|Trade and activity of the owner]]====
*==== [[#Toponimia|Place name]]====
*==== [[#Casas_de_vecinos_en_poblacion_concentrada|Neighbouring houses in concentrated settlement]]====
=== [[#Orientacion_de_la_casa|Orientation of the house]] ===
*==== [[#Orientacion_al_este_eguzki-begian|East facing]]====
*==== [[#Orientacion_al_sur|South facing]]====
*==== [[#Orientacion_en_nucleos_de_poblacion_concentrada|Orientation in concentrated settlements]]====
=== [[#Casas_y_tierras_en_poblamientos_disperso_y_mixto|Houses and lands in mixed and disperse settlements]] ===
=== [[#Situacion_de_las_casas_de_regimen_concentrado|Location of houses in concentrated arrangements]] ===
*==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_muros_medianiles|Houses separated by party walls]]====
*==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_belenas_arteak_mokarteak|Houses separated by ''belenas'' (run or yard between houses)yards]]====
*==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_la_era_o_por_la_rain|Houses separated by bare land used for the threshing or la rainfloor]]====
=== [[#Terreno_contiguo_a_la_casa|Land adjoined to the house]] ===
*==== [[#El_rain_larraina|''El rain, larraina''The threshing floor]]====
*==== [[#Baratza_huerta_o_huerto|''Baratza'', market Market or vegetable garden]]====
 
= ESTRUCTURA DE LA CASA STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE =
== IV. [[MODELOS_COMARCALES_DE_CASAS/en|REGIONAL HOUSE MODELS]] ==
=== [[#Consideraciones_generales|General points]] ===
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_alavesas|Álava house models]] ===
*==== [[#La_casa_riojano-alavesa_(Moreda_de_Alava)|The typical Rioja-Alavesa House house (Moreda de Álava)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Llanada|The typical La Llanada house]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Montaña_(Bernedo)|The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Agurain|The typical house of in the charter town of Agurain]]====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_vizcainas|Bizkaia house models]] ===
*==== [[#La_casa_de_las_Encartaciones_(Valle_de_Carranza)|The typical house of Las Encartaciones (Carranza Valley)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Busturialdea_(Gautegiz-Arteaga)|The typical Busturialdea house (Gautegiz-Arteaga)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_del_Duranguesado_(Abadiño)|The typical house of El Duranguesado (Abadiño)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_del_Valle_de_Arratia_y_estribaciones_de_Gorbeia_(Zeanuri)|The typical house of the Arratia Valley and Estribaciones del Gorbeia (Zeanuri)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_del_casco_antiguo_de_la_villa_de_Durango|The typical house of Durango old town]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Gernika-Lumo|The typical house of the charter town of Gernika-Lumo]]====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_guipuzcoanas|Gipuzkoa house models]] ===
*==== [[#La_casa_del_Goierri_(Ataun)|The typical El Goierri house (Ataun)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Beasain|The typical Beasain house]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Zerain|The typical Zerain house]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_del_Alto_Deba_(Elosua)|The Alto Deba house (Elosua)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_del_Bajo_Deba_(Elgoibar)|The typical Bajo Deba house (Elgoibar)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Urola_Kosta_(Aia)|The typical Urola Kosta house (Aia)]]====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_navarras|Navarra Navarre house models]] ===
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_vertiente_atlantica_(Bera)|The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_pirenaica_(Valle_de_Roncal)|The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Navarra_Media_(Allo)|The typical Navarra Media Mid-Navarre house (Allo)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_popular_o_de_arrabal_(Viana)|The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Valdorba|The typical Valdorba house]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Ribera_del_Ebro_(Valtierra)|The typical Ribera del Ebro house (Valtierra)]]====
*==== [[#La_vivienda_en_cuevas_(La_Ribera)|Cave houses (La Ribera)]]====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_de_Vasconia_Continental|Northern Basque Country house models]] ===
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Lapurdi_(Sara)|The typical Lapurdi house (Sara)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Ainhoa_(L)|The typical Ainhoa house (L)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Amikuze_(Huarte-Hiri-BN)|The typical Amikuze house (Huarte-Hiri-BN)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Arberoa_(Donoztiri-BN)|The typical Arberoa house (Donoztiri-BN)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Heleta_(BN)|The typical Heleta house (BN)]]====
*==== [[#La_casa_de_Zuberoa_(Liginaga)|The typical Zuberoa house (Liginaga)]]====
=== [[#Casas_de_pescadores|Fishermen's houses]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_Transiciones_seculares_de_la_casa_en_Vasconia_continental|Appendix: Secular transition of houses in the Northern Basque Country]] ===
 
== V. [[TEJADO/en|ROOFING]] ==
=== [[#Relajacion_de_la_fachada_con_el_tejado|Connecting the frontage and the roof]] ===
=== [[#Tipos_de_tejado|Types of roof]] ===
*==== [[#Grado_de_inclinacion|Roof pitch]]====
**Historical evolution of roofing in Roncesvalles (N)
*==== [[#Forma_y_numero_de_vertientes._Urak_isuriak|Shape and number of slopes]]====
**The climate factor
**Geographical distribution of the number of slopes
=== [[#Apendice_1_Relacion_del_tejado_con_aspectos_economicos_y_climaticos|Appendix 1: Relationship between the roof and climate and economic aspects]] ===
=== [[#Materiales_de_la_cubierta|Roofing materials]] ===
*==== [[#El_soporte_de_madera|Timber frame]]====
*==== [[#La_teja_teila|Roof The roof tile, ''teila'']]====
**The origin of the roof tiles
**The curved tile
**The flat tile
*==== [[#Cubierta_de_madera_tablillas_oholak|Wooden roof: shingles]]====
*==== [[#Cubierta_de_piedra_losas_harri-losak|Stone roof: slates]]====
*==== [[#Nuevos_materiales|New materials]]====
=== [[#Estructura_del_tejado|Roof structure]] ===
*==== [[#Generalidades._Gailurra_kapirioak_latak|General points. ''Gailurra'' (peak), ''kapirioak'' (rafters), ''latak'' (plank)]]====
*==== [[#Estructuras_sustentadas_en_postes|Post-supported structures]]====
*==== [[#Estructuras_con_tijeras|Shear beam structures]]====
*==== [[#Cañizos_y_bovedas_de_yeso|Thatched and plaster vaults]]====
=== [[#Los_aleros._Boladua|Eaves. ''Boladua'']] ===
=== [[#Salida_al_tejado._La_chimenea|Ways out onto the roof. The chimney]] ===
=== [[#Transformaciones|Transformations]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_Diversidad_de_vertientes_en_casas_de_planta_rectangular|Appendix 2: Different slopes for houses with rectangular floor plan]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_3_Chimenea_materiales_de_combustion_y_clima|Appendix 3: Chimney, fuel and climate]] ===
 
== VI. [[CIMIENTOS_Y_PAREDES/en|FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS]] ==
=== [[#Cimientos_oinarriak|Foundations, ''oinarriak'']] ===
*==== [[#Cimientos_sobre_sustratos_duros|Foundations on hard substrates]]====
*==== [[#Cimientos_sobre_sustratos_menos_solidos|Foundations on less solid substrates]]====
=== [[#Muros_exteriores_hormak|Outside walls]] ===
*==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion|Construction materials]]====
**Stone.**Timber.
**Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth
*==== [[#Muros_con_entramados_de_madera|Walls with timber latticework]]====
*==== [[#Muros_de_piedra_labrada|Masonry walls]]====
*==== [[#Morteros_murteak|Mortar]]====
*==== [[#Construccion_de_los_muros|Construction of the walls]]====
*==== [[#Enlucido_de_los_muros|Plastering of the walls]]====
*==== [[#Los_muros_en_la_actualidad|Walls today]]====
*==== [[#Las_cuevas|Caves]]====
=== [[#Estructura_interna_de_madera|Timber internal structure]] ===
*==== [[#Uso_generalizado_de_la_madera|Widespread use of timber]]====
*==== [[#Tipos_de_madera|Types of timber]]====
*==== [[#El_poyal_altzarria|Bench base]]====
*==== [[#Estructura._Ageak_pilareak|Structure]]====
=== [[#Muros_interiores_y_tabiques_hesiak_tabikak|Inside walls and partitions]] ===
=== [[#Suelos|Floors]] ===
*==== [[#Suelo_en_entrada_y_cuadra|Floor in the entrance and stable]]====
*==== [[#Suelo_en_la_vivienda|Floor in the dwelling]]====
=== [[#Escaleras_eskailerak|Stairs]] ===
*==== [[#Escaleras_interiores|Indoor stairs]]====
*==== [[#Escaleras_exteriores|Outdoor stairs]]====
*==== [[#Escaleras_de_viviendas_urbanas|Urban dwelling stairs]]====
=== [[#Techos|Roofs]] ===
*==== [[#Techos_de_tabla|Plank roofs]]====
*==== [[#Techos_de_bovedilla|Vault roofs]]====
=== [[#Procedencia_de_los_materiales_de_construccion|Origin of the construction materials]] ===
*==== [[#Piedra._Kareharria_hareharria|Stone]]====
*==== [[#Cal_y_yeso._Kisua_igeltsua|Lime and plaster]]====
*==== [[#Madera._Haritza|Timber]]====
*==== [[#Teja_ladrillo_y_adobe|Roof tiles, bricks and adobe]]====
*==== [[Nuevos_materiales#Nuevos_materiales2|New materials]]====
 
== VII. [[PUERTAS_Y_VENTANAS/en|DOORS AND WINDOWS]] ==
=== [[#Orientacion_de_los_huecos_de_la_casa|Orientation of the house openings]] ===
=== [[#Disposicion_de_los_huecos_en_la_fachada|Arrangement of the openings on the frontage]] ===
=== [[#Huecos|Openings]] ===
*==== [[#Puerta_principal._Ateak_albateak|Main door]]====
**Álava
**Bizkaia
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Northern Basque Country
*==== [[#Ventanas._Leihoak_leihatilak|Windows]]====
**Álava
**Bizkaia
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Northern Basque Country
*==== [[#Balcones._Balkoiak|Balconies]]====
=== [[#Puertas_interiores|Inside doors]] ===
=== [[#Sistemas_de_cierre_de_puertas_y_ventanas|Door and window closing mechanisms]] ===
*==== [[#Cierre_de_la_puerta_de_entrada_o_principal|Closing the main or entrance door]]====
**Bars
**Other locks
*==== [[#Cierre_de_las_puertas_interiores._Pestillos._Kisketak|Closing inside doors]]====
*==== [[#Cierre_de_las_ventanas._Andavillas_pasadores|Closing windows. Latches, bolts]]====
*==== [[#Verjas_de_proteccion|Grilles]]====
=== [[#Transformaciones_recientes|Recent transformations]] ===
 
== VIII. [[DISTRIBUCION_INTERNA_DE_LA_CASA/en|INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE]] ==
=== [[Consideraciones_generales#Consideraciones_generales3|General points]] ===
=== [[#Casas_de_ambito_rural|Rural houses]] ===
*==== [[Bizkaia#Bizkaia4|Bizkaia]]====
**Livestock homesteads. Encartaciones and Arratia-Orozko
**Agricultural homesteads. Uribe, Busturialdea and Durangaldea
*==== [[Gipuzkoa#Gipuzkoa3|Gipuzkoa]]====
**Goierri
**Alto High and Medio Mid-Deba**Mid-Oria Medio**Donostia and Bajo Lower Bidasoa
*==== [[Vasconia_continental#Vasconia_continental3|Northern Basque Country]]====
*==== [[Alava#Alava4|Álava]]====
**Estribaciones del Surroundings of GorbeiaMountain**Occidente alavésWest Álava
**La Llanada
**La Montaña
**Rioja alavesaAlavesa
*==== [[Navarra#Navarra4|NavarraNavarre]]====
**Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña
**Southern zone. La Ribera
=== [[#Viviendas_de_pescadores|Fishermen's dwellings]] ===
=== [[#Viviendas_de_nucleos_urbanos|Urban dwellings]] ===
=== [[#Casas_modernas|Modern houses]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_casas_nobles_palacios_jauregiak|Appendix: Mansions. Palaces]] ===
 
== IX. [[ORNAMENTACION_DE_LA_CASA/en|HOUSE DECORATION]] ==
=== [[Consideraciones_generales#Consideraciones_generales4/en|General points]] ===
=== [[#Muros_exteriores_fachada|Outside walls. Frontage]] ===
*==== [[#Fachadas_revocadas_y_con_piedra_a_la_vista|Bare Exposed stone and plastered frontages]]====
*==== [[#Entramado_de_madera|Timber latticeworktrusses]]====
*==== [[#Ornamentaciones_elaboradas|Elaborate decorations]]====
*==== [[#Adornos_vegetales|Plant decorations]]====
=== [[Tejado_from_ix#Tejado1|Roofing]] ===
=== [[#Aleros_etxe-hegala|Eaves]] ===
=== [[#Puertas_y_ventanas|Doors and windows]] ===
*==== [[#Herrajes|Ironwork]]====
*==== [[#Tallas_en_dinteles|Carvings on lintels]]====
*==== [[#Verjas_ornamentales|Decorative grilles]]====
=== [[#Escudos_armarriak|CoatCoats-of-arms]] ===
=== [[#Inscripciones|Inscriptions]] ===
=== [[#Decoracion_interior|Interior decoration]] ===
 
= HOGAR Y MOBILIARIO DOMÉSTICO HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS =
== X. [[HOGAR_ALUMBRADO_Y_COCINA/en|FIREPLACEHEARTH, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN]] ==
=== [[#Hogar_beheko_sua_supazterra|Fireplace]] ===
*==== [[Denominaciones#Denominaciones52|Names]]====
*==== [[#Sitio_que_ocupa_el_hogar|Location of the fireplace]]====
**Central fireplace
**Description
*==== [[#Combustible_empleado_en_el_hogar_errekina|Fuel used in the fireplace]]====
**Most common fuels
**Mediterranean side of the watershed
*==== [[#Encender_o_reavivar_el_fuego|Lighting or rekindling the fire]]====
**The flint. New lighting systems
**Initially stocking the fire
*==== [[#Suertes_de_leña_o_fogueras|Types of firewood]]====
*==== [[#Base_y_fondo_del_fogon._Su_azpikoa|Base and back of the stove]]====
**Cast-iron plate
***Decorative motifs
**The hearth ==== [[#El llar_laratza|Hearth]] ====
*==== [[#Chimenea_y_salida_de_humos._Tximinia|Chimney and vent]]====
**Low heat chimney
**Cleaning the chimney
=== [[#Horno_de_fabricar_el_pan_ogi-labea|Bread oven]] ===
*==== [[#Sitio_que_ocupa_y_forma_del_horno|Oven location and type]]====
**Ovens in the kitchen or attached to the house
**Exempted ovens
*==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion_del_horno|Oven construction materials]]====
*==== [[#Utilizacion_del_horno|Use of the oven]]====
=== [[#Alumbrado_de_la_casa_etxeko_argia|House lighting]] ===
*==== [[#Procedimientos_antiguos_de_alumbrado_tea_azaoa|Old lighting systems]]====
*==== [[#Lampara_o_candil_de_aceite_kriseilua|Oil lamp]]====
*==== [[#Velas_kandelak|Candles]]====
*==== [[#Candil_de_petroleo_petrolio-ontzia|Petrol lamp]]====
*==== [[#Lampara_de_carburo_karburo-argia|Carbide lamp]]====
*==== [[#Luz_electrica|Electric light]]====
=== [[#Cocina_sukaldea_ezkaratza|Kitchen]] ===
*==== [[#Hornillos|Hob]]====
*==== [[#Cocina_economica_y_transiciones_posteriores|Energy-saving stove and subsequent transitions]]====
*==== [[#La_cocina_centro_de_la_vida_familiar|The kitchen, the centre of family life]]====
 
== XI. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_DEL_HOGAR_Y_DE_LA_COCINA/en|HEARTH AND KITCHEN AND HEARTH FURNITURE AND FIXTURES]] ==
=== [[#Enseres_del_hogar|Hearth toolsutensils]] ===
*==== [[#Arquetipo_de_dos_localidades|Archetypical of two places]]====
**Beasain (G)
**Sangüesa (N)
*==== [[#Denominaciones_y_descripcion|Names and description]]====
**Firedogs
**Copper heater
=== [[#Mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Kitchen furniture and furnishings]] ===
*==== [[#Escaño_zizeilu_y_otros_asientos|Seats The armchair and other seating]]====
*==== [[#Fregadera_harraska|Sink]]====
*==== [[Haustegia_cenicero|''Haustegia'', ashtrayAsh bucket]]====
*==== [[#Cantarera_edarrategia|Pottery]]====
*==== [[#Mesas_y_otros_elementos|Tables and other items]]====
**Tables
**Cans
*==== [[#Armarios_alacenas_y_espeteras|Cupboards, cabinets and kitchen rackracks]]====
**Dressers
**Kitchen rack
*==== [[#La_fresquera_y_su_evolucion|Pantries and their evolution]]====
=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_cocina|Kitchen fittingsfurnishings]] ===
*==== [[#Engalanamiento_de_la_chimenea._Tximini-zapia|Decorating the fireplace]]====
*==== [[#Objetos_colocados_en_la_repisa_en_la_campana_o_en_el_hogar._Tximini-uztarria|Items placed on the mantelpiece, on the hood or on the hearth]]====
*==== [[#Consideraciones_generales_del_ajuar|General points about the fittingsgoods]]====
*==== [[#Descripciones_del_ajuar|Descriptions of the fittingsfurnishings]]====
**Northern Basque Country
**Álava
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
*==== [[#Fabricacion_artesanal_del_mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Artisan production of the kitchen furniture]]====
**Domestic production
**Non-domestic production
*==== [[#Transiciones_en_el_ajuar_y_mobiliario_domesticos|Transitions in the household furniture and fittings]]====
 
== XII. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_SALA_DORMITORIOS_Y_ASEO/en|FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: LIVING ROOM, BEDROOMS AND PERSONAL HYGIENE]] ==
=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_sala_o_comedor|Living room or dining room fittings]] ===
*==== [[#Mobiliario|Furniture]]====
*==== [[#Imagenes_religiosas|Religious images]]====
*==== [[#Fotografias_familiares_expuestas|Family photographs on display]]====
=== [[#Ajuar_del_dormitorio|Bedroom fittings]] ===
*==== [[#El_dormitorio_como_estancia|The bedroom as a room]]====
*==== [[Consideraciones_generales#Consideraciones_generales5|General points]]====
*==== [[#Camas_oheak|Beds]]====
*==== [[#Baules_comodas_y_armarios._Eskapolota_arropa-kutxa|Trunks, chests of drawers and wardrobes]]====
*==== [[#Muebles_auxiliares|Occasional furniture]]====
**Wash stand and basin
*==== [[#Cortinas_y_alfombras|Wash stand Curtains and basinrugs]]====
*==== [[Imagenes_religiosas#Imagenes_religiosas1|Religious images]]====
**Crucifix
**Holy water font
=== [[#El_aseo_y_su_ajuar|Washing facilities and fittings]] ===
*==== [[#Excusado_o_retrete_komuna|Outhouse or toilet]]====
*==== [[#Aseo|Washing facilities]]====
*==== [[#Transiciones_del_cuarto_de_baño_y_su_ajuar|Transitions of the bathroom and its fittings]]====
=== [[#Instrumentos_musicales_radio_television_y_nuevas_tecnologias|Musical instruments. Radio, television and new technologies]] ===
*==== [[#Instrumentos_musicales|Musical instruments]]====
*==== [[#Radio_television_y_nuevas_tecnologias|Radio, television and new technologies]]====
 
== XIII. [[LIMPIEZA_DE_LA_CASA_ROPA_Y_VAJILLA/en|CLEANING THE HOUSE, CLOTHES AND DISHES]] ==
=== [[#Limpieza_de_la_casa|Cleaning the house]] ===
*==== [[#Limpieza_de_la_casa_extremar_garbi-ikuzia|Cleaning the house, thoroughly]]====
**Cleaning products and utensils
**Insect extermination
*==== [[#Limpieza_de_suelos|Cleaning floors]]====
**Sweeping
**Waxing
*==== [[#Encalado_zuritu_y_pintado_de_fachadas_e_interiores|Whitewashing and painting frontages and inside]]====
=== [[#Lavado_de_la_ropa|Washing clothes]] ===
*==== [[#Lavado_de_la_ropa_en_el_rio_o_en_el_lavadero_publico|Washing clothes in the river or in the public washhouse]]====
*==== [[#Lavanderas_o_colanderas|Laundresses or washerwomen]]====
*==== [[#La_colada_bogadea_egin_lixiba_jo|The laundry]]====
**Names
**Transitions
*==== [[#Secado_y_planchado_de_la_ropa|Drying and ironing the clothes]]====
*==== [[#Teñido_domestico_de_la_ropa|Hanging out the clothes at home]]====
=== [[#Lavado_de_la_vajilla_harrikoa_egin|Washing dishes]] ===
*==== [[#Lavadoras_y_lavavajillas|Washers and dishwashers]]====
 
= CONSTRUCCIONES ANEJAS A LA CASA OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE =
== XIV. [[ESPACIOS_PARA_LABORES_AGRICOLAS_Y_CONSTRUCCIONES_COMPLEMENTARIAS/en|SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND COMPLEMENTARY BUILDINGSOUTBUILDINGS]] ==
=== [[#Espacios_domesticos_para_aperos_productos_y_ganado|Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock]] ===
*==== [[#Portal_y_carrejo._Atariko_tresneria|Porch and carriage porch]]====
*==== [[#Desvan_o_sobrao_ganbara|Attic or loft]]====
*==== [[#Establo_korta_ikuilua|Stable]]====
=== [[#Construcciones_complementarias|Complementary buildingsOutbuildings]] ===
*==== [[Generalidades#Generalidades1|General points]]====
*==== [[#Cuadras_corrales_descubiertos|Open stallsStalls, pens,enclosures]]====
*==== [[#Cabañas_bordas_o_pajares._Lastategia|Huts, cabins or , haylofts]]====
*==== [[#Chabolas_etxeordeak_tejabanak|Shacks]]====
*==== [[#Estercolero_ongarritegia|Dung storage]]====
*==== [[#Gallinero_oilategia|Chicken house]]====
*==== [[#Cochiquera_txerritokia|Pigsty]]====
*==== [[#Cobertizo_para_ovejas_artegia|Shelter for sheep]]====
*==== [[#Abejeras_erlategiak|Beehives]]====
*==== [[#Animales_domesticos_que_guardan_la_casa|Domestic animals that guard the house]]====
*==== [[#Lagos_y_bodegas|Lakes and cellars]]====
*==== [[#Pozos|Wells]]====
*==== [[#Refugios_y_cabañas_de_campo._Txabolak|Field shelters and huts]]====
=== [[#Apendice_1_corrales_de_campo_en_navarra|Appendix 1: Field pens in NavarraNavarre]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_horreos_garaiak|Appendix 2: Granaries]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_3_chabolas_de_carboneros_ikazkinen_txabolak|Appendix 3: Charcoal maker shacks]] ===
 
= CREENCIAS Y RITOS DOMÉSTICOS DOMESTIC BELIEFS AND RITES =
== XV. [[RITOS_ENTORNO_AL_FUEGO_DOMESTICORITOS_EN_TORNO_AL_FUEGO_DOMESTICO/en|RITES AROUND THE HOUSEHOLD FIRE]] ==
=== [[#Las_brasas_del_hogar_sua_biltzen_sua_batzen|The embers of the hearth]] ===
=== [[#El_fuego_del_hogar_en_dias_senalados|Lighting the hearth on set days]] ===
*==== [[#El_tronco_de_Navidad._Gabon-subila|The Christmas log]]====
*==== [[#El_fuego_nuevo_de_Pascua._Su_berria|The new New fire at Easter]]====
=== [[#Incorporacion_a_la_casa_de_un_animal_recien_adquirido_etxerako_izan|Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house]] ===
 
== XVI. [[SIMBOLOS_PROTECTORES_DE_LA_CASA/en|SYMBOLS TO PROTECT THE HOUSE]] ==
=== [[#Ritos_al_iniciar_la_construccion_de_la_casa|Rites when starting to build the house]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_al_finalizar_el_tejado_monjorra_bizkar-festa|Rites when finishing the roof]] ===
=== [[#Bendicion_de_la_casa|Blessing the house]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lightinglightning]] ===
*==== [[#El_hacha_con_el_filo_apuntando_a_la_tormenta._Aizkora_ahoaz_gorantza|An axe with the sharp edge pointing upwards to the thunderstorm]]====
*==== [[#Piedras_contra_la_tormenta._Tximistarri|Stones against the thunderstorm]]====
*==== [[#Sanjuan_haritza_el_roble_de_San_Juan|''Sanjuan haritza'', ''St. John's oak'']]====
*==== [[#Quema_de_hierbas_el_dia_de_San_Juan|Burning herbs on St. John's Day]]====
*==== [[#Arantza_zuria_espino_albar|''Arantza zuria'', hawthorn]]====
*==== [[#Laurel_bendecido_ereinotz_bedeinkatua|Blessed bay leaves]]====
*==== [[#Quema_del_laurel_bendecido|Burning the blessed bay leaves]]====
*==== [[#Eguzki-lorea_flor_de_cardo|''Eguzki-lorea'', thistle flower]]====
=== [[#Ritos_religiosos_de_proteccion_de_la_casa|Religious rites to protect the house]] ===
*==== [[#El_agua_bendita_ur_bedeinkatua|Holy Waterwater]]====
*==== [[#Las_candelas_bendecidas_kandela_bedeinkatua|Blessed candles]]====
*==== [[#Invocaciones_a_Santa_Barbara|Praying to Saint Barbara]]====
*==== [[#Conjuros._Campanas|Spells. Chimes]]====
=== [[#Simbolos_e_imagenes_religiosas|Religious symbols and images]] ===
*==== [[#Cruces|Crosses]]====
*==== [[#Placas_del_Sagrado_Corazon._Ateko_Jesusen_Bihotza|Sacred Heart plaques]]====
 
= FAMILIA FAMILY =
== XVII. [[FAMILIA_Y_PARENTESCO/en|FAMILY AND KINSHIP]] ==
=== [[#Familia_parentesco_parentela|Family. Kinship. Parentage]] ===
*==== [[#En_localidades_vascofonas|In Basque-speaking locations]]====
**EtxekoakHousehold**Family/''sendia''**Senitartekoak/''ahaideak''Relatives
*==== [[#En_localidades_castellanohablantes|In Spanish-speaking locations]]====
**Family
**Other relations
*==== [[#Extension_de_la_comunidad_familiar|Extended family community]]====
=== [[#Nombres_y_grados_de_parentesco|Names and degree of kinship]] ===
*==== [[#Denominaciones_euskericas|Basque categories]]====
*==== [[#Denominaciones_castellanas|Spanish categories]]====
=== [[#Nombres_familiares|Family names]] ===
*==== [[#Nombre_familiar_o_apellido|Family name or surname]]====
*==== [[#Nombres_de_pila_mas_usuales|Most common first names]]====
*==== [[#Como_se_nombran_las_personas|How Way of referring to people are called]]====
**Nicknames
*==== [[#Apellido_de_la_mujer_casada|A married woman's surname]]====
=== [[#Nombres_y_formulas_entre_parientes|Names and forms of address between relatives]] ===
*==== [[#De_los_hijos_a_los_padres|By children to parents]]====
*==== [[#De_los_esposos_entre_si|Between spouses]]====
*==== [[#De_los_padres_a_los_hijos|By parents to children]]====
*==== [[#Tratamientos|Forms of address]]====
**Berori/berorika (usted - formal Formal you)**Zu/zuka (usted formal Informal you-tú informal you)**Hitanoa/hika (colloquial Colloquial use of informal you)**Change to of the form of address
**Other forms of address. Lost souls
 
== XVIII. [[PATRIMONIO_FAMILIAR_Y_SU_TRANSMISION/en|FAMILY ASSETS AND ITS THEIR TRANSFER]] ==
=== [[#Patrimonio_familiar_ondasunak|Family assets]] ===
*==== [[#Concepto_de_patrimonio_familiar|Family assets concept]]====
*==== [[#Conservacion_e_indivision_del_patrimonio_familiar|Safeguarding and indivisum of the family assets]]====
*==== [[#Enajenacion_de_los_bienes_troncales|Disposal of the core assets]]====
=== [[#Condominio_de_bienes_aportados_al_matrimonio_dana_biona|Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage, ''Dana biona'']] ===
*==== [[#Consentimiento_de_la_mujer_para_la_enajenacion_de_bienes|Consent of the wife to dispose of assets]]====
*==== [[Transiciones#Transiciones1|Transitions]]====
=== [[#Capitulaciones_o_mandas_matrimoniales_ezkonpapera|Marital property agreements or settlements]] ===
*==== [[#Capitulaciones_matrimoniales|Marital property agreements]]====
*==== [[#Mandas_matrimoniales|Marital settlements]]====
*==== [[Transformaciones#Transformaciones3|Transformations]]====
=== [[#Libertad_de_testar_y_troncalidad_en_el_regimen_foral_trongaleko_ondasunak|Freedom to bequeath and core assets blood line of inheritance in the charter system]] ===
*==== [[#La_eleccion_del_heredero._Premua_andregaia._Etxegaia|Choice of heir]]====
*==== [[#Cohabitacion_de_los_matrimonios_mayor_y_joven|Cohabitation of young and older married couples]]====
*==== [[#El_heredero_y_los_demas_hijos|The heir and other children]]====
*==== [[#Testamento_de_hermandad._Alkar-poderoso|Joint will]]====
=== [[#Testamento_en_territorio_en_regimen_de_derecho_comun|Wills in territory of the common law system]] ===
*==== [[#Sistema_hereditario|Hereditary system]]====
*==== [[Cohabitacion_de_los_matrimonios_mayor_y_joven#Cohabitacion_de_los_matrimonios_mayor_y_joven1|Cohabitation of young and older married couples]]====
*==== [[El_heredero_y_los_demas_hijos#El_heredero_y_los_demas_hijos1|The heir and other children]]====
*==== [[#Situacion_del_conyuge_superviviente|Situation of the surviving spouse]]====
=== [[#La_sucesion_intestada|Intestate inheritance]] ===
=== [[#La_sucesion_de_hijos_naturales_seme_bortak|The inheritance of natural children]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_del_tio_sin_hijos|Will of the childless uncle]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_a_favor_de_no_parientes|Legacies to non-relatives]] ===
 
== XIX. [[VIDA_Y_FUNCIONES_DE_LOS_ESPOSOS/en|LIFE AND DUTIES OF THE SPOUSES]] ==
=== [[#Vida_en_comun_de_los_esposos|Communal life of the spouses]] ===
*==== [[#Vida_en_comun_en_el_trabajo|Communal life in the workplace]]====
*==== [[#Vida_en_comun_en_los_dias_festivos|Communal life on official holidays]]====
*==== [[#Colocacion_de_la_mujer_en_la_mesa|Seating arrangement of the wife at the table]]====
=== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_del_marido_y_de_la_esposa|Duties and occupations of the husband and the wife]] ===
*==== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_del_marido|Duties and occupations of the husband]]====
*==== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_de_la_mujer|Duties and occupations of the wife]]====
=== [[#Autoridad_en_la_sociedad_conyugal|Authority in the marital partnership]] ===
*==== [[#Derechos_cuasiparitarios|Nearly equal rights]]====
*==== [[#Dominacion_del_marido_por_la_mujer|How the husband is called by the wife]]====
*==== [[#Desavenencias_conyugales|Marital rifts]]====
**Causes of the rifts or disagreements
**Marital separations
*==== [[#Cortesia_y_etiqueta|Civility and etiquette]]====
=== [[#Vida_social_de_los_esposos|Social life of the spouses]] ===
*==== [[#Vida_social_conjunta|Social life together]]====
*==== [[#Relaciones_de_las_mujeres_casadas|Relations of the married women]]====
*==== [[#Relaciones_de_los_hombres_casados|Relations of the married men]]====
*==== [[#Situacion_actual|Current situation]]====
=== [[#Autoridad_de_los_padres_sobre_los_hijos_gurasoen_aginpidea|Authority of parents over the children]] ===
*==== [[#Autoridad_cuasiabsoluta_o_autoridad_compartida|Shared authority or nearly absolute authority]]====
*==== [[#Transmision_de_la_autoridad|Transfer of the authority]]====
*==== [[#Patria_potestad_y_emancipacion|Parental authority and emancipation]]====
*==== [[#Signos_de_respeto_hacia_los_mayores|Showing respect to older people]]====
*==== [[#Relacion_tio-sobrino|Uncle-nephew relationship]]====
=== [[#La_educacion_de_los_ninos|Educating the children]] ===
*==== [[#Papel_principal_de_la_mujer|Main role of the women]]====
*==== [[#Reparto_de_responsabilidades_entre_los_padres|Division of responsibilities between the parents]]====
*==== [[#Formacion_del_peculio_personal|Setting up personal wherewithal]]====
=== [[#Papel_de_la_mujer_en_la_transmision_de_los_valores_y_creencias|Role of the woman in the passing on of values and beliefs]] ===
*==== [[#Papel_del_hombre_en_la_transmision_cultural|Role of the man in passing on the cultural heritage]]====
=== [[#La_adopcion_urikoak_bortes|Adoption]] ===
*==== [[#Frecuencia_y_denominaciones|Frequency and names]]====
*==== [[Consideraciones_generales#Consideraciones_generales6|General points]]====
*==== [[#Motivaciones|Reasons]]====
**Replacing a dead child
**Fostering
*==== [[#Adopcion_de_parientes|Adopting relatives]]====
=== [[#Transformaciones_en_la_familia_y_en_las_costumbres|Changes in the family and to customs]] ===
*==== [[#Disminucion_de_la_actividad_agraria|Decline in farming activity]]====
*==== [[#Bienes_y_herencia|Assets and inheritance]]====
*==== [[#Trabajo_de_la_mujer_fuera_de_casa|Women working outside the home]]====
*==== [[#Solapamiento_de_generaciones_y_estructura_familiar|Generation overlap and family structure]]====
*==== [[#Relaciones_entre_padres_e_hijos._La_autoridad_paterna|Relations between parents and children Parental authority]]====
*==== [[#Los_ritos_de_paso_en_la_actualidad|Rites of passage nowadays]]====
*==== [[#La_religiosidad_hoy_en_dia|Religious belief today]]====
*==== [[#Tradicion_oral_educacion_y_escuela|Oral tradition, education and school]]====
*==== [[#Cambios_de_costumbres|Changes in customs]]====
 
== XX. [[RELACIONES_CON_LA_FAMILIA_Y_LOS_PARIENTES/en|RELATIONS WITH THE FAMILY AND RELATIVES]] ==
=== [[#Relaciones_con_la_familia|Relations with the family]] ===
*==== [[#Intervencion_de_los_padres_de_los_esposos|Intervención de los padres de los espososIntervention of the parents of the spouses]]====
**DesavenenciasRifts
*==== [[#Tratamiento_y_atenciones_para_con_los_suegros|Tratamiento y atenciones para con los suegrosTreatment and care of the in-laws]]====
=== [[#Relaciones_de_los_consortes_con_sus_familias_de_origen|Relaciones de los consortes con sus familias de origenRelations of the spouses with their families of origin]] ===
=== [[#Reuniones_de_parientes|Reuniones de parientesGatherings of relatives]] ===
*==== [[#Calendario_festivo|Calendario festivoCalendar of festivities]]====
*==== [[#Reuniones_con_motivo_de_ritos_de_paso|Reuniones con motivo de ritos de pasoGatherings to mark rites of passage]]====
**Ceremonias funerarias Funeral ceremonies
=== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_las_ceremonias|Orden de los parientes en las ceremoniasOrder of relatives at the ceremonies]] ===
*==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_las_bodas|Orden de los parientes en las bodasOrder of relatives at weddings]]====
*==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_bautizos._Apadrinamiento|Orden de los parientes en los bautizosOrder of relatives at baptisms. ApadrinamientoGod-parents]]====
*==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_cortejos_funebres|Orden de los parientes en los cortejos fúnebresOrder of relatives in funeral cortèges]]====
*==== [[#Marcas_de_duelo_y_su_duracion|Marcas de duelo y su duraciónSigns of mourning and its length]]====
=== [[#Recuerdos_historicos_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Recuerdos históricos de la casa y de la familiaHistorical memories of the house and the family]] ===
*==== [[#Recuerdos_de_los_antepasados|Recuerdos de los antepasadosRecollections of the ancestors]]====
*==== [[#Recuerdos_de_casas_singulares_del_vecindario|Recuerdos de casas singulares del vecindarioMemories of unusual houses in the neighbourhood]]====
*==== [[#Leyendas_relativas_a_la_casa_y_a_sus_antiguos_moradores|Leyendas relativas a la casa y a sus antiguos moradoresLegends relating to the house and its former dwellers]]====
**La casa más antigua de la localidadThe oldest local house
*==== [[#La_memoria_de_los_antepasados_de_la_casa._Gure_arbasoak|La memoria de los antepasados de la casa. Gure arbasoakRemembering the ancestors of the house]]====
*==== [[#Obligaciones_para_con_los_antepasados|Obligaciones para con los antepasadosObligations regarding one's ancestors]]====
*==== [[#Etxeko_sepulturea._La_sepultura_de_la_casa|Etxeko sepulturea. La sepultura de la casaFamily burial place]]====
*==== [[#Aniversarios|AniversariosAnniversaries]]====
*==== [[Ofrendas#Ofrendas1|OfrendasOfferings]]====
**Ofrenda de pan Bread offerings**Ofrenda de luz y de limosnaAlms and offering light
*==== [[#El_culto_a_los_difuntos_de_la_familia_hoy_dia|El culto a los difuntos de la familia hoy díaWorshipping the family’s dead nowadays]]====
=== [[#Recuerdos_de_familia|Recuerdos de familiaFamily memories]] ===
*==== [[#Fotografias_y_diplomas|Fotografías y Photographs and diplomas]]====
*==== [[#Ropa_vajilla_y_enseres|RopaClothes, vajilla y enserescrockery and belongings]]====
*==== [[#Prendas_y_objetos_significativos|Prendas y objetos significativosSignificant items and garments]]====
**JoyasJewels
*==== [[#Objetos_religiosos_y_funerarios|Objetos religiosos y funerariosFuneral and religious items]]====
 
== XXI. [[HONOR_DE_LA_FAMILIA/en|HONOR DE LA FAMILIAFAMILY HONOUR]] ==
=== [[#Honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia_etxearen_ondra|Honor de la casa y de la familia. Etxearen ondraHonour of the house and of the family]] ===
*==== [[#Sentimiento_del_honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Sentimiento del honor de la casa y de la familiaImportance of the honour of the house and of the family]]====
*==== [[#Solidaridad_entre_parientes|Solidaridad entre parientesSolidarity between relatives]]====
**Labores agrícolas y trabajos urgentes. Estukurako beharrak Agricultural jobs and urgent work**DesgraciaMisfortune, enfermedad grave o muerte serious illness or death**Orfandad. Umezurtzak Orphanhood**Ayuda económicaFinancial help
*==== [[#Parientes_ricos_y_parientes_pobres|Parientes ricos y parientes pobresRich relatives and poor relatives]]====
**Prestación de ayuda Providing help**IndiferenciaIndifference
*==== [[#Los_parientes_emigrados|Los parientes emigradosRelatives who emigrated]]====
**Regreso a la casa familiarReturning to the family home
*==== [[#Cumplimientos_y_visitas._Bisitak|Cumplimientos y visitas. BisitakObservance and visits]]====
*==== [[#Querellas_y_reconciliacion._Haserreak_eta_konponketak|Querellas y reconciliación. Haserreak eta konponketakQuarrels and reconciliation]]====
**Motivaciones de las desavenencias Reasons for rifts**Consecuencias de las desavenencias Consequences of the rifts**Resolución de las desavenencias Settling the rifts**OfensasGrievances
*==== [[#El_Consejo_de_Familia._Biltzea|El Consejo de Familia. BiltzeaFamily Council]]====
=== [[#Efectos_del_parentesco|Efectos del parentescoEffects of the kinship]] ===
*==== [[#Hospitalidad|HospitalidadHospitality]]====
**Visitas ordinarias Ordinary visits**Fiestas patronales y navideñas Patron saint festivities and Christmas**EstudiosStudies
*==== [[#Pago_de_deudas|Pago de deudasSettling debts]]====
*==== [[#Valor_del_testimonio_entre_parientes|Valor del testimonio entre parientesValue of evidence between parents]]====
*==== [[#Condicion_de_los_ancianos_y_enfermos|Condición de los ancianos y enfermosStatus of the elderly and ill]]====
**TransicionesTransitions
*==== [[#Los_criados_morroiak|Los criados, morroiakServants]]====
**Relaciones entre dueños y criados Relations between masters and servants**Contratación de criadosContracting servants
*==== [[#Las_criadas_neskatoak|Las criadas, neskatoakMaids]]====
*==== [[Contratacion_de_obreros_temporales#Contratacion_de_obreros_temporales1|Contratación de obreros temporalesContracting temporary workers]]====
*==== [[#Contratacion_de_artesanos._Arotzak_harginak|Contratación de artesanos. Arotzak, harginakContracting craftspeople]]====
{{#bookTitle:Casa y familia en Vasconia House and Family in the Basque Country | Casa_y_familia_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Índice de contenidosTable of contents}}