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= HOUSE AND TERRITORY =
== I. [[EL_POBLAMIENTO_EN_VASCONIA/en|THE SETTLEMENT OF PATTERNS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY]] ==
=== [[#Variacion_latitudinal_en_el_poblamiento|Latitudinal settlement patterns]] ===
=== [[#Factores_geograficos_e_historicos|Historical and geographical factors]] ===
=== [[#Poblamiento_disperso|Dispersed settlements]] ===
=== [[#Poblamiento_concentrado|Establishing new homesteads]] ===
==== [[#Ejemplos_de_poblamiento_concentrado|Examples of concentrated settlement]] ====
==== [[#Crecimiento_de_las_poblaciones_actuales|Growth of the current settlements]] ====
 
== II. [[RELACION_DE_LA_CASA_CON_EL_SUELO_EL_CLIMA_Y_LA_ACTIVIDAD/en|RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOUSE WITH THE SOIL, CLIMATE AND ACTIVITY]] ==
=== [[#La_casa_y_su_entorno|The house and its setting]] ===
==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_suelo|The relationship Relationship of the house with the soil]] ====
**Influence of the substrate
**Influence of the terrain
==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_clima|The relationship of the house with the climate]] ====
**Walls, openings and orientation
**Examples and current situation
=== [[#La_casa_y_la_actividad_de_sus_moradores|The house and the activity of its dwellers]] ===
==== [[#Actividad_agropecuaria|Agriculture]] ====
==== [[#Actividad_comercial|Commercial]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_la_influencia_de_la_produccion_en_los_tipos_de_caserios|Appendix: Influence of the production on the types of homesteads]] ===
 
== III. [[DENOMINACION_ORIENTACION_Y_SITURACION_DE_LAS_CASAS/en|NAME, ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF THE HOUSES]] ==
=== [[#Delimitacion_del_concepto_de_casa_y_denominaciones|Definition of the house concept and names]] ===
=== [[#Denominacion_de_la_casa|Name of the house]] ===
==== [[#Toponimia|Place name]] ====
=== [[#Orientacion_de_la_casa|Orientation of the house]] ===
==== [[#Orientacion_en_nucleos_de_poblacion_concentrada|Orientation in concentrated settlements]] ====
=== [[#Casas_y_tierras_en_poblamientos_disperso_y_mixto|Houses and lands in mixed and disperse settlements]] ===
=== [[#Situacion_de_las_casas_de_regimen_concentrado|Location of houses in concentrated arrangements]] ===
==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_belenas_arteak_mokarteak|Houses separated by ''belenas'' (run or yard between houses)yards]] ====
==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_la_era_o_por_la_rain|Houses separated by bare land used for the threshing or la rainfloor]] ====
=== [[#Terreno_contiguo_a_la_casa|Land adjoined to the house]] ===
 
== IV. [[MODELOS_COMARCALES_DE_CASAS/en|REGIONAL HOUSE MODELS]] ==
=== [[#Consideraciones_generales|General points]] ===
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_alavesas|Álava house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_riojano-alavesa_(Moreda_de_Alava)|The typical Rioja-Alavesa House house (Moreda de Álava)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Montaña_(Bernedo)|The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Agurain|The typical house of in the charter town of Agurain]] ====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_vizcainas|Bizkaia house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_de_las_Encartaciones_(Valle_de_Carranza)|The typical house of Las Encartaciones (Carranza Valley)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Busturialdea_(Gautegiz-Arteaga)|The typical Busturialdea house (Gautegiz-Arteaga)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_del_Valle_de_Arratia_y_estribaciones_de_Gorbeia_(Zeanuri)|The typical house of the Arratia Valley and Estribaciones del Gorbeia (Zeanuri)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Gernika-Lumo|The typical house of the charter town of Gernika-Lumo]] ====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_guipuzcoanas|Gipuzkoa house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_del_Goierri_(Ataun)|The typical El Goierri house (Ataun)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Beasain|The typical Beasain house]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_del_Bajo_Deba_(Elgoibar)|The typical Bajo Deba house (Elgoibar)]] ====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_navarras|Navarra Navarre house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_vertiente_atlantica_(Bera)|The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Navarra_Media_(Allo)|The typical Navarra Media Mid-Navarre house (Allo)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_popular_o_de_arrabal_(Viana)|The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)]] ====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_de_Vasconia_Continental|Northern Basque Country house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_de_Amikuze_(Huarte-Hiri-BN)|The typical Amikuze house (Huarte-Hiri-BN)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Arberoa_(Donoztiri-BN)|The typical Arberoa house (Donoztiri-BN)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Heleta_(BN)|The typical Heleta house (BN)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Zuberoa_(Liginaga)|The typical Zuberoa house (Liginaga)]] ====
=== [[#Casas_de_pescadores|Fishermen's houses]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_Transiciones_seculares_de_la_casa_en_Vasconia_continental|Appendix: Secular transition of houses in the Northern Basque Country]] ===
 
== V. [[TEJADO/en|ROOFING]] ==
=== [[#Relajacion_de_la_fachada_con_el_tejado|Connecting the frontage and the roof]] ===
=== [[#Tipos_de_tejado|Types of roof]] ===
**Historical evolution of roofing in Roncesvalles (N)
==== [[#Forma_y_numero_de_vertientes._Urak_isuriak|Shape and number of slopes]] ====
**The climate factor
**Geographical distribution of the number of slopes
=== [[#Apendice_1_Relacion_del_tejado_con_aspectos_economicos_y_climaticos|Appendix 1: Relationship between the roof and climate and economic aspects]] ===
=== [[#Materiales_de_la_cubierta|Roofing materials]] ===
==== [[#El_soporte_de_madera|Timber frame]] ====
**The origin of the roof tiles
**The curved tile
**The flat tile
=== [[#Estructura_del_tejado|Roof structure]] ===
==== [[#Estructuras_sustentadas_en_postes|Post-supported structures]] ====
=== [[#Los_aleros._Boladua|Eaves. ''Boladua'']] ===
=== [[#Salida_al_tejado._La_chimenea|Ways out onto the roof. The chimney]] ===
=== [[#Transformaciones|Transformations]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_Diversidad_de_vertientes_en_casas_de_planta_rectangular|Appendix 2: Different slopes for houses with rectangular floor plan]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_3_Chimenea_materiales_de_combustion_y_clima|Appendix 3: Chimney, fuel and climate]] ===
 
== VI. [[CIMIENTOS_Y_PAREDES/en|FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS]] ==
=== [[#Cimientos_oinarriak|Foundations, ''oinarriak'']] ===
=== [[#Muros_exteriores_hormak|Outside walls]] ===
**Stone.**Timber.
**Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth
==== [[#Morteros_murteak|Mortar]] ====
==== [[#Construccion_de_los_muros|Construction of the walls]] ====
=== [[#Estructura_interna_de_madera|Timber internal structure]] ===
=== [[#Muros_interiores_y_tabiques_hesiak_tabikak|Inside walls and partitions]] ===
=== [[#Suelos|Floors]] ===
=== [[#Escaleras_eskailerak|Stairs]] ===
==== [[#Escaleras_exteriores|Outdoor stairs]] ====
=== [[#Techos|Roofs]] ===
=== [[#Procedencia_de_los_materiales_de_construccion|Origin of the construction materials]] ===
 
== VII. [[PUERTAS_Y_VENTANAS/en|DOORS AND WINDOWS]] ==
=== [[#Orientacion_de_los_huecos_de_la_casa|Orientation of the house openings]] ===
=== [[#Disposicion_de_los_huecos_en_la_fachada|Arrangement of the openings on the frontage]] ===
=== [[#Huecos|Openings]] ===
**Álava
**Bizkaia
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Northern Basque Country
**Álava
**Bizkaia
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Northern Basque Country
=== [[#Puertas_interiores|Inside doors]] ===
=== [[#Sistemas_de_cierre_de_puertas_y_ventanas|Door and window closing mechanisms]] ===
**Bars
**Other locks
==== [[#Cierre_de_las_ventanas._Andavillas_pasadores|Closing windows. Latches, bolts]] ====
=== [[#Transformaciones_recientes|Recent transformations]] ===
 
== VIII. [[DISTRIBUCION_INTERNA_DE_LA_CASA/en|INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE]] ==
=== [[#Consideraciones_generales3|General points]] ===
=== [[#Casas_de_ambito_rural|Rural houses]] ===
**Livestock homesteads. Encartaciones and Arratia-Orozko
**Agricultural homesteads. Uribe, Busturialdea and Durangaldea
**Goierri
**Alto High and Medio Mid-Deba**Mid-Oria Medio**Donostia and Bajo Lower Bidasoa
**Estribaciones del Surroundings of GorbeiaMountain**Occidente alavésWest Álava
**La Llanada
**La Montaña
**Rioja alavesaAlavesa
**Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña
**Southern zone. La Ribera
=== [[#Viviendas_de_pescadores|Fishermen's dwellings]] ===
=== [[#Viviendas_de_nucleos_urbanos|Urban dwellings]] ===
=== [[#Casas_modernas|Modern houses]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_casas_nobles_palacios_jauregiak|Appendix: Mansions. Palaces]] ===
 
== IX. [[ORNAMENTACION_DE_LA_CASA/en|HOUSE DECORATION]] ==
=== [[#Consideraciones_generales4/en|General points]] ===
=== [[#Muros_exteriores_fachada|Outside walls. Frontage]] ===
=== [[#Tejado1|Roofing]] ===
=== [[#Aleros_etxe-hegala|Eaves]] ===
=== [[#Puertas_y_ventanas|Doors and windows]] ===
=== [[#Escudos_armarriak|CoatCoats-of-arms]] ===
=== [[#Inscripciones|Inscriptions]] ===
=== [[#Decoracion_interior|Interior decoration]] ===
 
= HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS =
== X. [[HOGAR_ALUMBRADO_Y_COCINA/en|FIREPLACEHEARTH, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN]] ==
=== [[#Hogar_beheko_sua_supazterra|Fireplace]] ===
**Central fireplace
**Description
**Most common fuels
**Mediterranean side of the watershed
**The flint. New lighting systems
**Initially stocking the fire
**Cast-iron plate
**Low heat chimney
**Cleaning the chimney
=== [[#Horno_de_fabricar_el_pan_ogi-labea|Bread oven]] ===
**Ovens in the kitchen or attached to the house
**Exempted ovens
=== [[#Alumbrado_de_la_casa_etxeko_argia|House lighting]] ===
=== [[#Cocina_sukaldea_ezkaratza|Kitchen]] ===
==== [[#Hornillos|Hob]] ====
==== [[#La_cocina_centro_de_la_vida_familiar|The kitchen, the centre of family life]] ====
 
== XI. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_DEL_HOGAR_Y_DE_LA_COCINA/en|HEARTH AND KITCHEN AND HEARTH FURNITURE AND FIXTURES]] ==
=== [[#Enseres_del_hogar|Hearth toolsutensils]] ===
**Beasain (G)
**Sangüesa (N)
==== [[#Denominaciones_y_descripcion|Names and description]] ====
**Firedogs
**Copper heater
=== [[#Mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Kitchen furniture and furnishings]] ===
**Tables
**Cans
**Dressers
**Kitchen rack
==== [[#La_fresquera_y_su_evolucion|Pantries and their evolution]] ====
=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_cocina|Kitchen fittingsfurnishings]] ===
**Northern Basque Country
**Álava
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Domestic production
**Non-domestic production
 
== XII. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_SALA_DORMITORIOS_Y_ASEO/en|FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: LIVING ROOM, BEDROOMS AND PERSONAL HYGIENE]] ==
=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_sala_o_comedor|Living room or dining room fittings]] ===
=== [[#Ajuar_del_dormitorio|Bedroom fittings]] ===
**Wash stand and basin
**Crucifix
**Holy water font
=== [[#El_aseo_y_su_ajuar|Washing facilities and fittings]] ===
=== [[#Instrumentos_musicales_radio_television_y_nuevas_tecnologias|Musical instruments. Radio, television and new technologies]] ===
 
== XIII. [[LIMPIEZA_DE_LA_CASA_ROPA_Y_VAJILLA/en|CLEANING THE HOUSE, CLOTHES AND DISHES]] ==
=== [[#Limpieza_de_la_casa|Cleaning the house]] ===
**Cleaning products and utensils
**Insect extermination
**Sweeping
**Waxing
=== [[#Lavado_de_la_ropa|Washing clothes]] ===
**Names
**Transitions
=== [[#Lavado_de_la_vajilla_harrikoa_egin|Washing dishes]] ===
 
= OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE =
== XIV. [[ESPACIOS_PARA_LABORES_AGRICOLAS_Y_CONSTRUCCIONES_COMPLEMENTARIAS/en|SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND COMPLEMENTARY BUILDINGSOUTBUILDINGS]] ==
=== [[#Espacios_domesticos_para_aperos_productos_y_ganado|Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock]] ===
=== [[#Construcciones_complementarias|Complementary buildingsOutbuildings]] ===
==== [[#Chabolas_etxeordeak_tejabanak|Shacks]] ====
==== [[#Refugios_y_cabañas_de_campo._Txabolak|Field shelters and huts]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_1_corrales_de_campo_en_navarra|Appendix 1: Field pens in NavarraNavarre]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_horreos_garaiak|Appendix 2: Granaries]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_3_chabolas_de_carboneros_ikazkinen_txabolak|Appendix 3: Charcoal maker shacks]] ===
 
== XV. [[RITOS_EN_TORNO_AL_FUEGO_DOMESTICO/en|RITES AROUND THE HOUSEHOLD FIRE]] ==
=== [[#Las_brasas_del_hogar_sua_biltzen_sua_batzen|The embers of the hearth]] ===
=== [[#El_fuego_del_hogar_en_dias_senalados|Lighting the hearth on set days]] ===
=== [[#Incorporacion_a_la_casa_de_un_animal_recien_adquirido_etxerako_izan|Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house]] ===
 
== XVI. [[SIMBOLOS_PROTECTORES_DE_LA_CASA/en|SYMBOLS TO PROTECT THE HOUSE]] ==
=== [[#Ritos_al_iniciar_la_construccion_de_la_casa|Rites when starting to build the house]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_al_finalizar_el_tejado_monjorra_bizkar-festa|Rites when finishing the roof]] ===
=== [[#Bendicion_de_la_casa|Blessing the house]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lightinglightning]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_religiosos_de_proteccion_de_la_casa|Religious rites to protect the house]] ===
=== [[#Simbolos_e_imagenes_religiosas|Religious symbols and images]] ===
 
== XVII. [[FAMILIA_Y_PARENTESCO/en|FAMILY AND KINSHIP]] ==
=== [[#Familia_parentesco_parentela|Family. Kinship. Parentage]] ===
**EtxekoakHousehold**Family/''sendia''**Senitartekoak/''ahaideak''Relatives
**Family
**Other relations
=== [[#Nombres_y_grados_de_parentesco|Names and degree of kinship]] ===
=== [[#Nombres_familiares|Family names]] ===
**Nicknames
=== [[#Nombres_y_formulas_entre_parientes|Names and forms of address between relatives]] ===
**Berori/berorika (usted - formal Formal you)**Zu/zuka (usted formal Informal you-tú informal you)**Hitanoa/hika (colloquial Colloquial use of informal you)**Change to of the form of address
**Other forms of address. Lost souls
 
== XVIII. [[PATRIMONIO_FAMILIAR_Y_SU_TRANSMISION/en|FAMILY ASSETS AND ITS THEIR TRANSFER]] ==
=== [[#Patrimonio_familiar_ondasunak|Family assets]] ===
=== [[#Condominio_de_bienes_aportados_al_matrimonio_dana_biona|Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage, ''Dana biona'']] ===
=== [[#Capitulaciones_o_mandas_matrimoniales_ezkonpapera|Marital property agreements or settlements]] ===
=== [[#Libertad_de_testar_y_troncalidad_en_el_regimen_foral_trongaleko_ondasunak|Freedom to bequeath and core assets blood line of inheritance in the charter system]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_en_territorio_en_regimen_de_derecho_comun|Wills in territory of the common law system]] ===
=== [[#La_sucesion_intestada|Intestate inheritance]] ===
=== [[#La_sucesion_de_hijos_naturales_seme_bortak|The inheritance of natural children]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_del_tio_sin_hijos|Will of the childless uncle]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_a_favor_de_no_parientes|Legacies to non-relatives]] ===
 
== XIX. [[VIDA_Y_FUNCIONES_DE_LOS_ESPOSOS/en|LIFE AND DUTIES OF THE SPOUSES]] ==
=== [[#Vida_en_comun_de_los_esposos|Communal life of the spouses]] ===
=== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_del_marido_y_de_la_esposa|Duties and occupations of the husband and the wife]] ===
=== [[#Autoridad_en_la_sociedad_conyugal|Authority in the marital partnership]] ===
**Causes of the rifts or disagreements
**Marital separations
=== [[#Vida_social_de_los_esposos|Social life of the spouses]] ===
=== [[#Autoridad_de_los_padres_sobre_los_hijos_gurasoen_aginpidea|Authority of parents over the children]] ===
=== [[#La_educacion_de_los_ninos|Educating the children]] ===
=== [[#Papel_de_la_mujer_en_la_transmision_de_los_valores_y_creencias|Role of the woman in the passing on of values and beliefs]] ===
=== [[#La_adopcion_urikoak_bortes|Adoption]] ===
**Replacing a dead child
**Fostering
=== [[#Transformaciones_en_la_familia_y_en_las_costumbres|Changes in the family and to customs]] ===
 
== XX. [[RELACIONES_CON_LA_FAMILIA_Y_LOS_PARIENTES/en|RELATIONS WITH THE FAMILY AND RELATIVES]] ==
=== [[#Relaciones_con_la_familia|Relations with the family]] ===
**Rifts
=== [[#Relaciones_de_los_consortes_con_sus_familias_de_origen|Relations of the spouses with their families of origin]] ===
=== [[#Reuniones_de_parientes|Gatherings of relatives]] ===
**Funeral ceremonies
=== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_las_ceremonias|Order of relatives at the ceremonies]] ===
=== [[#Recuerdos_historicos_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Historical memories of the house and the family]] ===
**The oldest local house
**Bread offerings
**Alms and offering light
=== [[#Recuerdos_de_familia|Family memories]] ===
**Jewels
 
== XXI. [[HONOR_DE_LA_FAMILIA/en|FAMILY HONOUR]] ==
=== [[#Honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia_etxearen_ondra|Honour of the house and of the family]] ===
**Agricultural jobs and urgent work
**Financial help
**Providing help
**Indifference
**Returning to the family home
**Reasons for rifts
**Grievances
=== [[#Efectos_del_parentesco|Effects of the kinship]] ===
**Ordinary visits
**Studies
**Transitions
**Relations between masters and servants
**Contracting servants
{{#bookTitle:House and Family in Vasconia the Basque Country | Casa_y_familia_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}