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= HOUSE AND TERRITORY =
== I. [[EL_POBLAMIENTO_EN_VASCONIA/en|THE SETTLEMENT OF PATTERNS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY]] ==
=== [[#Variacion_latitudinal_en_el_poblamiento|Latitudinal settlement patterns]] ===
=== [[#Factores_geograficos_e_historicos|Historical and geographical factors]] ===
==== [[#El_caso_de Luzaide_Valcarlos_(N)|The Luzaide/ Valcarlos (N) case]] ====
==== [[#La_barranca_(N)|La barranca (N)]] ====
=== [[#Poblamiento_disperso|Dispersed settlements]] ===
==== [[#Antecedentes_remotos|Distant past]] ====
==== [[#Antecedentes_historicos|Historical background]] ====
==== [[#Ejemplos_de_poblamiento_disperso|Examples of dispersed settlements]] ====
==== [[#Creacion_de_nuevos_caserios|Establishing new homesteads]] ====
=== [[#Poblamiento_concentrado|Establishing new homesteads]] ===
==== [[#Antecedentes|Background]] ====
=== [[#La_casa_y_su_entorno|The house and its setting]] ===
==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_suelo|The relationship Relationship of the house with the soil]] ====
**Influence of the substrate
==== [[#Actividad_agropecuaria|Agriculture]] ====
==== [[#Actividad_comercial|Commercial]] ====
==== [[#Adaptaciones_actuales|Current adaptations]] ====
=== [[#Denominacion_de_la_casa|Name of the house]] ===
==== [[#Nombre_apellido_y_apodo_del_dueño|Name, surname and nickname of the owner]] ====
==== [[#Oficio_y_actividad_del_propietario|Trade and activity of the owner]] ====
=== [[#Casas_y_tierras_en_poblamientos_disperso_y_mixto|Houses and lands in mixed and disperse settlements]] ===
=== [[#Situacion_de_las_casas_de_regimen_concentrado|Location of houses in concentrated arrangements]] ===
==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_muros_medianiles|Houses separated by party walls]] ====
==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_belenas_arteak_mokarteak|Houses separated by ''belenas'' (run or yard between houses)yards]] ====
==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_la_era_o_por_la_rain|Houses separated by bare land used for the threshing or la rainfloor]] ====
=== [[#Terreno_contiguo_a_la_casa|Land adjoined to the house]] ===
==== [[#El_rain_larraina|''El rain, larraina''The threshing floor]] ====
==== [[#Baratza_huerta_o_huerto|''Baratza'', market Market or vegetable garden]] ====
 
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_alavesas|Álava house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_riojano-alavesa_(Moreda_de_Alava)|The typical Rioja-Alavesa House house (Moreda de Álava)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Llanada|The typical La Llanada house]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Montaña_(Bernedo)|The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Agurain|The typical house of in the charter town of Agurain]] ====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_vizcainas|Bizkaia house models]] ===
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_guipuzcoanas|Gipuzkoa house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_del_Goierri_(Ataun)|The typical El Goierri house (Ataun)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Beasain|The typical Beasain house]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Urola_Kosta_(Aia)|The typical Urola Kosta house (Aia)]] ====
=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_navarras|Navarra Navarre house models]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_vertiente_atlantica_(Bera)|The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_pirenaica_(Valle_de_Roncal)|The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Navarra_Media_(Allo)|The typical Navarra Media Mid-Navarre house (Allo)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_popular_o_de_arrabal_(Viana)|The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Valdorba|The typical Valdorba house]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Ribera_del_Ebro_(Valtierra)|The typical Ribera del Ebro house (Valtierra)]] ====
==== [[#La_vivienda_en_cuevas_(La_Ribera)|Cave houses (La Ribera)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Lapurdi_(Sara)|The typical Lapurdi house (Sara)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Ainhoa_(L)|The typical Ainhoa house (L)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Amikuze_(Huarte-Hiri-BN)|The typical Amikuze house (Huarte-Hiri-BN)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Heleta_(BN)|The typical Heleta house (BN)]] ====
==== [[#La_casa_de_Zuberoa_(Liginaga)|The typical Zuberoa house (Liginaga)]] ====
=== [[#Casas_de_pescadores|Fishermen's houses]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_Transiciones_seculares_de_la_casa_en_Vasconia_continental|Appendix: Secular transition of houses in the Northern Basque Country]] ===
 
==== [[#El_soporte_de_madera|Timber frame]] ====
==== [[#La_teja_teila|Roof The roof tile, ''teila'']] ====
**The origin of the roof tiles
**The curved tile
**The flat tile
=== [[#Estructura_del_tejado|Roof structure]] ===
==== [[#Generalidades._Gailurra_kapirioak_latak|General points. ''Gailurra'' (peak), ''kapirioak'' (rafters), ''latak'' (plank)]] ====
==== [[#Estructuras_sustentadas_en_postes|Post-supported structures]] ====
==== [[#Cañizos_y_bovedas_de_yeso|Thatched and plaster vaults]] ====
=== [[#Los_aleros._Boladua|Eaves. ''Boladua'']] ===
=== [[#Salida_al_tejado._La_chimenea|Ways out onto the roof. The chimney]] ===
== VI. [[CIMIENTOS_Y_PAREDES/en|FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS]] ==
=== [[#Cimientos_oinarriak|Foundations, ''oinarriak'']] ===
==== [[#Cimientos_sobre_sustratos_duros|Foundations on hard substrates]] ====
==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion|Construction materials]] ====
**Stone.**Timber.
**Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth
==== [[#Muros_de_piedra_labrada|Masonry walls]] ====
==== [[#Morteros_murteak|Mortar]] ====
==== [[#Construccion_de_los_muros|Construction of the walls]] ====
==== [[#Escaleras_exteriores|Outdoor stairs]] ====
==== [[#Escaleras_de_viviendas_urbanas|Urban dwelling stairs]] ====
=== [[#Techos|Roofs]] ===
==== [[#Cal_y_yeso._Kisua_igeltsua|Lime and plaster]] ====
==== [[#Madera._Haritza|Timber]] ====
==== [[#Teja_ladrillo_y_adobe|Roof tiles, bricks and adobe]] ====
**Bizkaia
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Northern Basque Country
**Bizkaia
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
**Northern Basque Country
==== [[#Cierre_de_las_puertas_interiores._Pestillos._Kisketak|Closing inside doors]] ====
==== [[#Cierre_de_las_ventanas._Andavillas_pasadores|Closing windows. Latches, bolts]] ====
==== [[#Verjas_de_proteccion|Grilles]] ====
=== [[#Transformaciones_recientes|Recent transformations]] ===
 
== VIII. [[DISTRIBUCION_INTERNA_DE_LA_CASA/en|INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE]] ==
=== [[#Consideraciones_generales3|General points]] ===
=== [[#Casas_de_ambito_rural|Rural houses]] ===
**Agricultural homesteads. Uribe, Busturialdea and Durangaldea
==== [[#Gipuzkoa3|Gipuzkoa]] ====
**Goierri
**Alto High and Medio Mid-Deba**Mid-Oria Medio**Donostia and Bajo Lower Bidasoa
==== [[#Vasconia_continental3|Northern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Alava4|Álava]] ====
**Estribaciones del Surroundings of GorbeiaMountain**Occidente alavésWest Álava
**La Llanada
**La Montaña
**Rioja alavesaAlavesa
==== [[#Navarra4|NavarraNavarre]] ====
**Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña
=== [[#Casas_modernas|Modern houses]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_casas_nobles_palacios_jauregiak|Appendix: Mansions. Palaces]] ===
 
=== [[#Muros_exteriores_fachada|Outside walls. Frontage]] ===
==== [[#Fachadas_revocadas_y_con_piedra_a_la_vista|Bare Exposed stone and plastered frontages]] ====
==== [[#Entramado_de_madera|Timber latticeworktrusses]] ====
==== [[#Ornamentaciones_elaboradas|Elaborate decorations]] ====
==== [[#Adornos_vegetales|Plant decorations]] ====
=== [[#Tejado1|Roofing]] ===
==== [[#Herrajes|Ironwork]] ====
==== [[#Tallas_en_dinteles|Carvings on lintels]] ====
==== [[#Verjas_ornamentales|Decorative grilles]] ====
=== [[#Escudos_armarriak|CoatCoats-of-arms]] ===
=== [[#Inscripciones|Inscriptions]] ===
= HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS =
== X. [[HOGAR_ALUMBRADO_Y_COCINA/en|FIREPLACEHEARTH, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN]] ==
=== [[#Hogar_beheko_sua_supazterra|Fireplace]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones52|Names]] ====
**Initially stocking the fire
==== [[#Suertes_de_leña_o_fogueras|Types of firewood]] ====
==== [[#Base_y_fondo_del_fogon._Su_azpikoa|Base and back of the stove]] ====
**Cast-iron plate
==== [[#El llar_laratza|The hearthHearth]] ====
==== [[#Chimenea_y_salida_de_humos._Tximinia|Chimney and vent]] ====
**Exempted ovens
==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion_del_horno|Oven construction materials]] ====
==== [[#Utilizacion_del_horno|Use of the oven]] ====
=== [[#Alumbrado_de_la_casa_etxeko_argia|House lighting]] ===
==== [[#Lampara_o_candil_de_aceite_kriseilua|Oil lamp]] ====
==== [[#Velas_kandelak|Candles]] ====
==== [[#Candil_de_petroleo_petrolio-ontzia|Petrol lamp]] ====
 
== XI. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_DEL_HOGAR_Y_DE_LA_COCINA/en|HEARTH AND KITCHEN AND HEARTH FURNITURE AND FIXTURES]] ==
=== [[#Enseres_del_hogar|Hearth toolsutensils]] ===
==== [[#Arquetipo_de_dos_localidades|Archetypical of two places]] ====
**Copper heater
=== [[#Mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Kitchen furniture and furnishings]] ===
==== [[#Escaño_zizeilu_y_otros_asientos|Seats The armchair and other seating]] ====
==== [[#Fregadera_harraska|Sink]] ====
==== [[#Haustegia_cenicero|''Haustegia'', ashtrayAsh bucket]] ====
==== [[#Cantarera_edarrategia|Pottery]] ====
**Cans
==== [[#Armarios_alacenas_y_espeteras|Cupboards, cabinets and kitchen rackracks]] ====
**Dressers
**Kitchen rack
==== [[#La_fresquera_y_su_evolucion|Pantries and their evolution]] ====
=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_cocina|Kitchen fittingsfurnishings]] ===
==== [[#Engalanamiento_de_la_chimenea._Tximini-zapia|Decorating the fireplace]] ====
==== [[#Objetos_colocados_en_la_repisa_en_la_campana_o_en_el_hogar._Tximini-uztarria|Items placed on the mantelpiece, on the hood or on the hearth]] ====
==== [[#Consideraciones_generales_del_ajuar|General points about the fittingsgoods]] ====
==== [[#Descripciones_del_ajuar|Descriptions of the fittingsfurnishings]] ====
**Northern Basque Country
**Álava
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre
==== [[#Fabricacion_artesanal_del_mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Artisan production of the kitchen furniture]] ====
==== [[#Fotografias_familiares_expuestas|Family photographs on display]] ====
=== [[#Ajuar_del_dormitorio|Bedroom fittings]] ===
==== [[#El_dormitorio_como_estancia|The bedroom as a room]] ====
**Wash stand and basin
==== [[#Cortinas_y_alfombras|Wash stand Curtains and basinrugs]] ====
==== [[#Imagenes_religiosas1|Religious images]] ====
== XIII. [[LIMPIEZA_DE_LA_CASA_ROPA_Y_VAJILLA/en|CLEANING THE HOUSE, CLOTHES AND DISHES]] ==
=== [[#Limpieza_de_la_casa|Cleaning the house]] ===
==== [[#Limpieza_de_la_casa_extremar_garbi-ikuzia|Cleaning the house, thoroughly]] ====
**Waxing
==== [[#Encalado_zuritu_y_pintado_de_fachadas_e_interiores|Whitewashing and painting frontages and inside]] ====
=== [[#Lavado_de_la_ropa|Washing clothes]] ===
= OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE =
== XIV. [[ESPACIOS_PARA_LABORES_AGRICOLAS_Y_CONSTRUCCIONES_COMPLEMENTARIAS/en|SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND COMPLEMENTARY BUILDINGSOUTBUILDINGS]] ==
=== [[#Espacios_domesticos_para_aperos_productos_y_ganado|Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock]] ===
==== [[#Establo_korta_ikuilua|Stable]] ====
=== [[#Construcciones_complementarias|Complementary buildingsOutbuildings]] ===
==== [[#Generalidades1|General points]] ====
==== [[#Cuadras_corrales_descubiertos|Open stallsStalls, pens,enclosures]] ====
==== [[#Cabañas_bordas_o_pajares._Lastategia|Huts, cabins or , haylofts]] ====
==== [[#Chabolas_etxeordeak_tejabanak|Shacks]] ====
==== [[#Estercolero_ongarritegia|Dung storage]] ====
==== [[#Cochiquera_txerritokia|Pigsty]] ====
==== [[#Cobertizo_para_ovejas_artegia|Shelter for sheep]] ====
==== [[#Abejeras_erlategiak|Beehives]] ====
==== [[#Animales_domesticos_que_guardan_la_casa|Domestic animals that guard the house]] ====
==== [[#Lagos_y_bodegas|Lakes and cellars]] ====
==== [[#Pozos|Wells]] ====
==== [[#Refugios_y_cabañas_de_campo._Txabolak|Field shelters and huts]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_1_corrales_de_campo_en_navarra|Appendix 1: Field pens in NavarraNavarre]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_horreos_garaiak|Appendix 2: Granaries]] ===
== XV. [[RITOS_EN_TORNO_AL_FUEGO_DOMESTICO/en|RITES AROUND THE HOUSEHOLD FIRE]] ==
=== [[#Las_brasas_del_hogar_sua_biltzen_sua_batzen|The embers of the hearth]] ===
=== [[#El_fuego_del_hogar_en_dias_senalados|Lighting the hearth on set days]] ===
==== [[#El_tronco_de_Navidad._Gabon-subila|The Christmas log]] ====
==== [[#El_fuego_nuevo_de_Pascua._Su_berria|The new New fire at Easter]] ====
=== [[#Incorporacion_a_la_casa_de_un_animal_recien_adquirido_etxerako_izan|Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house]] ===
== XVI. [[SIMBOLOS_PROTECTORES_DE_LA_CASA/en|SYMBOLS TO PROTECT THE HOUSE]] ==
=== [[#Ritos_al_iniciar_la_construccion_de_la_casa|Rites when starting to build the house]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_al_finalizar_el_tejado_monjorra_bizkar-festa|Rites when finishing the roof]] ===
=== [[#Bendicion_de_la_casa|Blessing the house]] ===
=== [[#Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lightinglightning]] ===
==== [[#El_hacha_con_el_filo_apuntando_a_la_tormenta._Aizkora_ahoaz_gorantza|An axe with the sharp edge pointing upwards to the thunderstorm]] ====
==== [[#Piedras_contra_la_tormenta._Tximistarri|Stones against the thunderstorm]] ====
==== [[#Sanjuan_haritza_el_roble_de_San_Juan|''Sanjuan haritza'', ''St. John's oak'']] ====
==== [[#Quema_de_hierbas_el_dia_de_San_Juan|Burning herbs on St. John's Day]] ====
==== [[#Arantza_zuria_espino_albar|''Arantza zuria'', hawthorn]] ====
==== [[#Laurel_bendecido_ereinotz_bedeinkatua|Blessed bay leaves]] ====
==== [[#Quema_del_laurel_bendecido|Burning the blessed bay leaves]] ====
==== [[#Eguzki-lorea_flor_de_cardo|''Eguzki-lorea'', thistle flower]] ====
=== [[#Ritos_religiosos_de_proteccion_de_la_casa|Religious rites to protect the house]] ===
==== [[#El_agua_bendita_ur_bedeinkatua|Holy Waterwater]] ====
==== [[#Las_candelas_bendecidas_kandela_bedeinkatua|Blessed candles]] ====
==== [[#Invocaciones_a_Santa_Barbara|Praying to Saint Barbara]] ====
==== [[#Conjuros._Campanas|Spells. Chimes]] ====
=== [[#Simbolos_e_imagenes_religiosas|Religious symbols and images]] ===
==== [[#Cruces|Crosses]] ====
==== [[#Placas_del_Sagrado_Corazon._Ateko_Jesusen_Bihotza|Sacred Heart plaques]] ====
 
== XVII. [[FAMILIA_Y_PARENTESCO/en|FAMILY AND KINSHIP]] ==
=== [[#Familia_parentesco_parentela|Family. Kinship. Parentage]] ===
==== [[#En_localidades_vascofonas|In Basque-speaking locations]] ====
**EtxekoakHousehold**Family/''sendia''**Senitartekoak/''ahaideak''Relatives
==== [[#En_localidades_castellanohablantes|In Spanish-speaking locations]] ====
**Family
==== [[#Extension_de_la_comunidad_familiar|Extended family community]] ====
=== [[#Nombres_y_grados_de_parentesco|Names and degree of kinship]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones_euskericas|Basque categories]] ====
==== [[#Denominaciones_castellanas|Spanish categories]] ====
=== [[#Nombres_familiares|Family names]] ===
==== [[#Nombre_familiar_o_apellido|Family name or surname]] ====
==== [[#Nombres_de_pila_mas_usuales|Most common first names]] ====
==== [[#Como_se_nombran_las_personas|How Way of referring to people are called]] ====
**Nicknames
==== [[#Apellido_de_la_mujer_casada|A married woman's surname]] ====
=== [[#Nombres_y_formulas_entre_parientes|Names and forms of address between relatives]] ===
==== [[#De_los_hijos_a_los_padres|By children to parents]] ====
==== [[#De_los_esposos_entre_si|Between spouses]] ====
==== [[#De_los_padres_a_los_hijos|By parents to children]] ====
==== [[#Tratamientos|Forms of address]] ====
**Berori/berorika (usted - formal Formal you)**Zu/zuka (usted formal Informal you-tú informal you)**Hitanoa/hika (colloquial Colloquial use of informal you)**Change to of the form of address
**Other forms of address. Lost souls
 
== XVIII. [[PATRIMONIO_FAMILIAR_Y_SU_TRANSMISION/en|FAMILY ASSETS AND ITS THEIR TRANSFER]] ==
=== [[#Patrimonio_familiar_ondasunak|Family assets]] ===
==== [[#Concepto_de_patrimonio_familiar|Family assets concept]] ====
==== [[#Conservacion_e_indivision_del_patrimonio_familiar|Safeguarding and indivisum of the family assets]] ====
==== [[#Enajenacion_de_los_bienes_troncales|Disposal of the core assets]] ====
=== [[#Condominio_de_bienes_aportados_al_matrimonio_dana_biona|Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage, ''Dana biona'']] ===
==== [[#Consentimiento_de_la_mujer_para_la_enajenacion_de_bienes|Consent of the wife to dispose of assets]] ====
==== [[#Capitulaciones_matrimoniales|Marital property agreements]] ====
==== [[#Mandas_matrimoniales|Marital settlements]] ====
==== [[#Transformaciones3|Transformations]] ====
=== [[#Libertad_de_testar_y_troncalidad_en_el_regimen_foral_trongaleko_ondasunak|Freedom to bequeath and core assets blood line of inheritance in the charter system]] ===
==== [[#La_eleccion_del_heredero._Premua_andregaia._Etxegaia|Choice of heir]] ====
==== [[#Cohabitacion_de_los_matrimonios_mayor_y_joven|Cohabitation of young and older married couples]] ====
==== [[#El_heredero_y_los_demas_hijos|The heir and other children]] ====
==== [[#Testamento_de_hermandad._Alkar-poderoso|Joint will]] ====
=== [[#Testamento_en_territorio_en_regimen_de_derecho_comun|Wills in territory of the common law system]] ===
==== [[#Sistema_hereditario|Hereditary system]] ====
==== [[#Cohabitacion_de_los_matrimonios_mayor_y_joven1|Cohabitation of young and older married couples]] ====
==== [[#El_heredero_y_los_demas_hijos1|The heir and other children]] ====
==== [[#Situacion_del_conyuge_superviviente|Situation of the surviving spouse]] ====
=== [[#La_sucesion_intestada|Intestate inheritance]] ===
=== [[#La_sucesion_de_hijos_naturales_seme_bortak|The inheritance of natural children]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_del_tio_sin_hijos|Will of the childless uncle]] ===
=== [[#Testamento_a_favor_de_no_parientes|Legacies to non-relatives]] ===
 
== XIX. [[VIDA_Y_FUNCIONES_DE_LOS_ESPOSOS/en|LIFE AND DUTIES OF THE SPOUSES]] ==
=== [[#Vida_en_comun_de_los_esposos|Communal life of the spouses]] ===
==== [[#Vida_en_comun_en_el_trabajo|Communal life in the workplace]] ====
==== [[#Vida_en_comun_en_los_dias_festivos|Communal life on official holidays]] ====
==== [[#Colocacion_de_la_mujer_en_la_mesa|Seating arrangement of the wife at the table]] ====
=== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_del_marido_y_de_la_esposa|Duties and occupations of the husband and the wife]] ===
==== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_del_marido|Duties and occupations of the husband]] ====
==== [[#Funciones_y_ocupaciones_de_la_mujer|Duties and occupations of the wife]] ====
=== [[#Autoridad_en_la_sociedad_conyugal|Authority in the marital partnership]] ===
==== [[#Derechos_cuasiparitarios|Nearly equal rights]] ====
==== [[#Dominacion_del_marido_por_la_mujer|How the husband is called by the wife]] ====
==== [[#Desavenencias_conyugales|Marital rifts]] ====
**Causes of the rifts or disagreements
**Marital separations
==== [[#Cortesia_y_etiqueta|Civility and etiquette]] ====
=== [[#Vida_social_de_los_esposos|Social life of the spouses]] ===
==== [[#Vida_social_conjunta|Social life together]] ====
==== [[#Relaciones_de_las_mujeres_casadas|Relations of the married women]] ====
==== [[#Relaciones_de_los_hombres_casados|Relations of the married men]] ====
==== [[#Situacion_actual|Current situation]] ====
=== [[#Autoridad_de_los_padres_sobre_los_hijos_gurasoen_aginpidea|Authority of parents over the children]] ===
==== [[#Autoridad_cuasiabsoluta_o_autoridad_compartida|Shared authority or nearly absolute authority]] ====
==== [[#Transmision_de_la_autoridad|Transfer of the authority]] ====
==== [[#Patria_potestad_y_emancipacion|Parental authority and emancipation]] ====
==== [[#Signos_de_respeto_hacia_los_mayores|Showing respect to older people]] ====
==== [[#Relacion_tio-sobrino|Uncle-nephew relationship]] ====
=== [[#La_educacion_de_los_ninos|Educating the children]] ===
==== [[#Papel_principal_de_la_mujer|Main role of the women]] ====
==== [[#Reparto_de_responsabilidades_entre_los_padres|Division of responsibilities between the parents]] ====
==== [[#Formacion_del_peculio_personal|Setting up personal wherewithal]] ====
=== [[#Papel_de_la_mujer_en_la_transmision_de_los_valores_y_creencias|Role of the woman in the passing on of values and beliefs]] ===
==== [[#Papel_del_hombre_en_la_transmision_cultural|Role of the man in passing on the cultural heritage]] ====
=== [[#La_adopcion_urikoak_bortes|Adoption]] ===
==== [[#Frecuencia_y_denominaciones|Frequency and names]] ====
==== [[#Consideraciones_generales6|General points]] ====
==== [[#Motivaciones|Reasons]] ====
**Replacing a dead child
**Fostering
==== [[#Adopcion_de_parientes|Adopting relatives]] ====
=== [[#Transformaciones_en_la_familia_y_en_las_costumbres|Changes in the family and to customs]] ===
==== [[#Disminucion_de_la_actividad_agraria|Decline in farming activity]] ====
==== [[#Bienes_y_herencia|Assets and inheritance]] ====
==== [[#Trabajo_de_la_mujer_fuera_de_casa|Women working outside the home]] ====
==== [[#Solapamiento_de_generaciones_y_estructura_familiar|Generation overlap and family structure]] ====
==== [[#Relaciones_entre_padres_e_hijos._La_autoridad_paterna|Relations between parents and children Parental authority]] ====
==== [[#Los_ritos_de_paso_en_la_actualidad|Rites of passage nowadays]] ====
==== [[#La_religiosidad_hoy_en_dia|Religious belief today]] ====
==== [[#Tradicion_oral_educacion_y_escuela|Oral tradition, education and school]] ====
==== [[#Cambios_de_costumbres|Changes in customs]] ====
 
== XX. [[RELACIONES_CON_LA_FAMILIA_Y_LOS_PARIENTES/en|RELATIONS WITH THE FAMILY AND RELATIVES]] ==
=== [[#Relaciones_con_la_familia|Relations with the family]] ===
==== [[#Intervencion_de_los_padres_de_los_esposos|Intervention of the padres parents of the spouses]] ====
**Rifts
==== [[#Tratamiento_y_atenciones_para_con_los_suegros|Treatment and care of the in-laws]] ====
=== [[#Relaciones_de_los_consortes_con_sus_familias_de_origen|Relations of the spouses with their families of origin]] ===
=== [[#Reuniones_de_parientes|Gatherings of relatives]] ===
==== [[#Calendario_festivo|Calendar of festivities]] ====
==== [[#Reuniones_con_motivo_de_ritos_de_paso|Gatherings to mark rites of passage]] ====
**Funeral ceremonies
=== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_las_ceremonias|Order of relatives at the ceremonies]] ===
==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_las_bodas|Order of relatives at weddings]] ====
==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_bautizos._Apadrinamiento|Order of relatives at baptisms. God-parents]] ====
==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_cortejos_funebres|Order of relatives in the funeral cortegescortèges]] ====
==== [[#Marcas_de_duelo_y_su_duracion|Signs of mourning and its length]] ====
=== [[#Recuerdos_historicos_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Historical memories of the house and the family]] ===
==== [[#Recuerdos_de_los_antepasados|Recollections of the ancestors]] ====
==== [[#Recuerdos_de_casas_singulares_del_vecindario|Memories of unusual houses in the neighbourhood]] ====
==== [[#Leyendas_relativas_a_la_casa_y_a_sus_antiguos_moradores|Legends relating to the house and its former dwellers]] ====
**The oldest local house
==== [[#La_memoria_de_los_antepasados_de_la_casa._Gure_arbasoak|Remembering the ancestors of the house]] ====
==== [[#Obligaciones_para_con_los_antepasados|Obligations regarding one's ancestors]] ====
==== [[#Etxeko_sepulturea._La_sepultura_de_la_casa|The Family burial place of the homestead]] ====
==== [[#Aniversarios|Anniversaries]] ====
==== [[#Ofrendas1|Offerings]] ====
**Bread offerings
**Alms and offering light
==== [[#El_culto_a_los_difuntos_de_la_familia_hoy_dia|Worshipping the family's family’s dead nowadays]] ====
=== [[#Recuerdos_de_familia|Family memories]] ===
==== [[#Fotografias_y_diplomas|Photographs and diplomas]] ====
==== [[#Ropa_vajilla_y_enseres|Clothes, crockery and belongings]] ====
==== [[#Prendas_y_objetos_significativos|Significant items and garments]] ====
**Jewels
==== [[#Objetos_religiosos_y_funerarios|Funeral and religious items]] ====
 
== XXI. [[HONOR_DE_LA_FAMILIA/en|FAMILY HONOUR]] ==
=== [[#Honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia_etxearen_ondra|Honour of the house and of the family]] ===
==== [[#Sentimiento_del_honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Feeling Importance of the honour of the house and of the family]] ====
==== [[#Solidaridad_entre_parientes|Solidarity between relatives]] ====
**Agricultural jobs and urgent work
**Financial help
==== [[#Parientes_ricos_y_parientes_pobres|Rich relatives and poor relatives]] ====
**Providing help
**Indifference
==== [[#Los_parientes_emigrados|Relatives who emigrated]] ====
**Returning to the family home
==== [[#Cumplimientos_y_visitas._Bisitak|Observance and visits]] ====
==== [[#Querellas_y_reconciliacion._Haserreak_eta_konponketak|Quarrels and reconciliation]] ====
**Reasons for rifts
**Grievances
==== [[#El_Consejo_de_Familia._Biltzea|The Family Council]] ====
=== [[#Efectos_del_parentesco|Effects of the kinship]] ===
==== [[#Hospitalidad|Hospitality]] ====
**Ordinary visits
**Studies
==== [[#Pago_de_deudas|Settling debts]] ====
==== [[#Valor_del_testimonio_entre_parientes|Value of evidence between parents]] ====
==== [[#Condicion_de_los_ancianos_y_enfermos|Status of the elderly and ill]] ====
**Transitions
==== [[#Los_criados_morroiak|Servants]] ====
**Relations between masters and servants
**Contracting servants
==== [[#Las_criadas_neskatoak|Maids]] ====
==== [[#Contratacion_de_obreros_temporales1|Contracting temporary workers]] ====
==== [[#Contratacion_de_artesanos._Arotzak_harginak|Contracting craftspeople]] ====
{{#bookTitle:House and Family in Vasconia the Basque Country | Casa_y_familia_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}