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The names of the months in Basque clearly refer to the main farming tasks: sowing, weeding and harvesting. Several authors have written on this topic. Some examples are included
The Basque calendar year reflects the different farming tasks, as explained by Barandiaran and Caro Baroja<ref>José Miguel de BARANDIARAN. ''Curso monográfico de Etnología Vasca''. Edición Mª M.ª Amor BEGUIRISTAIN. Ataún (Gipuzkoa): 2000, p. 50. The texts were dictated between 1973 and 1974.</ref>:
– ''Azaroa'', ''azilla'', November, the month of sowing, or ''gorotzilla'' (L), the month of fertiliser or manure.
– ''Orrilla'', ''ostoilla'', May, is the month of leaves.
– ''Garagarrilla'' (Gipuzkoa and High Navarra Navarre dialects), the month of barley, and ''bagilla'' (B), the month of broad beans, which is June.
– ''Garrilla'', July, the month of wheat or the harvest in general, ''uztailla'', ''uzta''. The month of weeding the corn and making hay for winter.
– ''Bildilla'', October, is the month to harvest the corn and fruit (apples, chestnuts), and was also called ''urrilla'' as it was time to gather the hazelnuts; or ''lastailla'', month of the straw. Ploughing begins after the harvest.
== Seeds. Haziak ==
Care was just not taken when choosing the seeds, but also with storing them correctly to preserve their germination capacity. And not only from one year to another, but during a longer period if possible, as more seeds were kept from each crop than were needed as a precaution. Thus if that crop failed that year and not enough was produced to save seeds or that was defective, the stored reserve guaranteed the crop could be sowed the following year. The sowing could also fail and it would therefore have to be repeated, which meant extra seeds were needed.
=== Preparing seedbeds seeds for sowing ===
Wheat seeds were prepared before sowing to prevent the fungal disease known as wheat rust. That preparation was usually known as ''liming.''
Even though there were seeds that are planted directly in the soil where the plants will complete their life cycle, they sometimes need to be sowed in a seedbed, in favourable and controlled conditions to germinate. The seedlings obtained are then transplanted where the crop is to grow.
{{DISPLAYTITLE: III. CROP DISTRIBUTION AND ROTATION. FARMING YEAR}} {{#bookTitle:Agriculture in the Basque Country|Agricultura_en_vasconia/en}}