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En esta misma población vizcaina sólo en el caso de los huesos se recogen algunas denominaciones populares. ''Azurrak'' es el término con el que se designa a los mismos. A la médula ósea se le dice ''azurreko una''<div style="margin-left:0cm; al cráneo, ''kalaberea'' o ''karabelea''; y a la columna vertebral, ''lepoko bizkerra'', ''bizkarreko azurra'', ''bizkazurra'', ''errosarioa ''y ''espiñazoa''."></div>
En Gautegiz<div style="margin-Arteaga (B) para referirse a los músculos se habla de ''okelak''. En cuanto a los huesos se les denomina genéricamente como ''azurrak''. Se distinguen ''buruko azurrak'', huesos de la cabezaleft:0cm; ''matrailazurra'', mentón; ''bularrazurra'', esternón; ''sorbalazurra'', hueso del hombro; ''saietsak'', costillas; ''bizkerrazurra'', espina dorsal; ''besoko azurrak'', huesos del brazo; ''ukondoa'', codo; ''eskuturra'', muñeca; ''epermakurra'', hueso de la cintura; ''izterrazurra'', fémur; ''belaunburua'', rodilla; ''beleun-azurra'', rótula; ''bernazurra'', tibia; ''orkatilla'', tobillo; y ''beatzazurrak'', huesos de los pies."></div>
En Carranza The people surveyed did not usually differentiate between the different bones, muscles or joints that make up the human body as they do not distinguish them as anatomic units. Consequently, they do not usually have names for them. Generic terms such as carne'' [flesh] ''in Spanish or ''haragiak ''in Basque (Bermeo-B) el esqueleto y los músculos son las partes más desconocidas del cuerpoto describe human muscle. Prácticamente no se sabe el nombre de ningún músculo y en cuanto a los huesos se hace referencia a los mismos por la situación que ocupan en el cuerpoIn Bermeo, sin asignarles una denominación específica. Así se dice they use this term in contrast to ''huesos de la cabezaokelea'', meat, which is used to refer to animal meat for human consumption. In that same town of Bizkaia, some popular terms were only found when referring to bones. ''del brazoHazurrak '' o is the term used for them. The bone marrow is called ''de la caderahazurreko una''. En la cabeza; the skull, como queda dicho, se conoce a todos los que componen el neurocráneo con el nombre genérico de ''huesos de la cabezakalaberea ''or ''karabelea''; a veces también se emplea la expresión and the spine, ''tapa de los sesoslepoko bizkerra''. En el esplacnocráneo no se diferencia ninguno, a lo sumo los nasales''bizkarreko hazurra'', a los que se designa conjuntamente como ''huesos de la narizbizkazurra''. En el tronco se conoce la existencia del , ''esternónerrosarioa '' y las and ''costillasespiñazoa''. Se sabe que la == Bone fractures == Fractures, usually traumatic in origin, have been treated by healthcare staff of late. Even so, folk remedies were reported to set the bones and people often resorted to skilled healers in that regard. The majority of the remedies refer to the splinting of the broken bone. Yet some treatments prior to that operation were described and, in some cases, they seem to be the only ones, in other words, the injury was not then splinted. == Bonesetters, hezur-konpontzaileak == Bonesetters who, as the name indicates, set broken bones and cure dislocations and were common figures in the majority of the areas studied. Each population or each district had its own from whom the injured from the surrounding area would seek help. Some of them were so famous that the patients travelled considerable distances. It should also be noted that healers belonged to families carrying on the tradition and some of them gained experience by setting the animal bones before moving on to people. == Sprains, zaintiratuak, and dislocations, bihurdurak == Popular parlance does not make a clear difference between sprains, strains or twists, on the one hand, and luxation or dislocation, on the other hand. In fact, several of those terms have entered in popular speech of late as people have heard them used by healthcare workers and in the media. === Remedies for twists === In Agurain (A), a decoction made out of walnut leaves is prepared to treat twists and contusions. After boiling the leaves in the water, the injured part of the body is put in this liquid, which should be as hot as possible, and kept them for approximately a quarter of an hour. In Goizueta (N), heat had to be applied on the injured area in the case of twists, ''espinabiurritzea.'' está articulada en Cornflour was heated in a pan until it was golden and it was then placed in a bag that was placed on the twisted limb. Meanwhile another bag was prepared to replace the first one when it got cold. == Appendix: zantiratua == ''vértebrasZantiratua ''is a popular practice made up of three components; an empirical one consisting of rubbing oil with their fingers in the injured area; another magical one which involved symbolising the union of the strain by means of stitching a cloth, e incluso se comienzan and a distinguirthird religious one that refers to the prayers said during the treatment and the signs of the crosses made over the injury. It is mainly applied to wrist and ankle sprains; and sometimes to stiff necks. It seems to be a practice in Bizkaia to judge from the places where it was reported. Some of the centres of this custom were precisely the towns of Gernika, Ajangiz, aunque precariamenteMaruri, las divisiones Gerrikaiz and Bedia<ref>Jose Miguel de la columnaBARANDIARAN. Este conocimiento suele ser fruto de la información que reciben de los médicos''Mitología vasca. Así''Madrid: 1960, cuando acuden a un centro sanitario con dolor en ''la cruz''p. 44.</ref>. This practice is called ''zantiretua ''/ ''zantiritua ''in Abadiano, Bermeo, Busturia, en el cuelloDurango, o con Gorozika (B) and ''zanatena ''in Lemoiz (B). The word ''dolor de riñoneszain ''in Basque has the meaning of nerve, se les habla de vértebras cervicales y lumbares respectivamentevein or root and has literally come to mean stretching of the nerve or the vein, an idea that is reflected by some of the treatments, as the phrases and acts that were performed before the patient reflected that concept regarding the pathology of the injury<ref>Angel GOIKOETXEA. En cuanto a los huesos que forman las extremidades, al coxal se le llama ''hueso Capítulos de la caderamedicina popular vasca'' y al omoplato. Salamanca: 1983, p. 104.</ref>. Other references were made in that regard, such as the fact that it was carried out by women. In the different communities where it was reported, they also referred to the use of a plant called ''paletillazanbedarra ''(literally tendon herb). También se conoce la In reality, it is at least two species belonging to the ''clavículaPlantago '' y la rótula se denomina genus''tapa de la rodilla, ''which is characterised for having lanceolate leaves on the back of which the nervures can be clearly seen and which run parallel to the base of the apex. Los nombres de los seis huesos largos que conforman las extremidades superiores e inferiores se van aprendiendo poco Both its name and its curative application may come from that similarity between its nerves and the veins and tendons in human limbs. According to Barriola, if a poco y person experienced muscular pain due to violent exercise or any other reasons, the healer would diagnose a fuerza de fracturasstrain, ''zaintiratua'', or the tearing of the tendon insertions, ''zanetena''. En lo referente It would seem logical to think that tear could be repaired with a los músculosfew stitches to join the separate parts. Given that this operation was impossible to perform directly on the tendon or muscle, como ya se indicóthanks to sympathetic magic, existe un total desconocimiento y en general se les designa como the stitches just had to be made on any fabric placed on the injury Thus, the ''carnezaintiratua ''. Por ejemplowas cured by making stitches with a needle and a piece of unknotted thread, which would go backward and forwards through a piece of canvas, but better a sock, si alguien padece un dolor muscular en el brazoand not only for a leg or foot, dice sencillamente que le “duele la carne del brazo” para diferenciarlo del que pudiera proceder del huesobut even for a stiff neck, entonces se habla de que duele “la caña del brazo”while the healer said: :''Zain tiratu zain urratu'':''zaña bere tokian sartu.'' <div class="subindice">:(Tendon stretched/ tendon torn/ the tendon enters in its place).=== [[Fracturas_oseas|Fracturas óseas]] ====== [[Curanderos_de_fracturas_hezur-konpontzaileak|Curanderos de fracturasThe operation would end with an Our Father, Hail Mary or the Creed being said, depending on the place, and covering the limb with the same cloth, after rubbing, or with lovage leaves, hezur-konpontzaileak]] ====== [[Esguinces_zaintiratuak_y_luxaciones_bihurdurak|Esguinces''zainbedarra, zaintiratuak'' soaked in oil. In the case of a stiff neck, y luxacionesthe needle going through the canvas managed to undo the knot that had formed, bihurdurak]] ====== [[Curanderos_de_luxaciones|Curanderos de luxaciones]] ====== [[Golpes|Golpes]] ====== [[Apendice_Zantiratua|Apéndicerather than “sewing” the strain<ref>Ignacio Mª BARRIOLA. ''La medicina popular en el País Vasco. ''San Sebastián: Zantiratua]] ===1952, pp. 85-86</divref>. {{DISPLAYTITLE: XVI. FRACTURAS Y LUXACIONESFRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS}} {{#bookTitle: Medicina Popular en Vasconia Medicine in the Basque Country| Medicina_popular_en_vasconia/en}}