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{{DISPLAYTITLE: Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country}} {{#bookTitle:Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country | Ganaderia_y_pastoreo_en_vasconia/en}}


==[landing]==

===[ganaderia|Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country|/atlas/ganaderia.png|Animal husbandry as a way of life rather than an economic opportunity: aspects related to domestic animals and the human-animal bond.]===
====[Ganaderia_y_pastoreo_en_vasconia | Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country]====


====[/atlas/ganaderia/Subida-a-los-pastos-del-Gorbeia-2006.jpg|On the move to the summer pastures in Gorbeia, 2006. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Traditional shepherding and free-range livestock husbandry have prevailed on regions where these three requisites are satisfied: communal land, open-access rights, and free movibility for herds.|]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Ovejas-latxas-de-cara-negra-Abadino.jpg|Dark-faced ''latxa'' sheep. Abadiño (B). Source: Rosa M.ª Ardanza, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The permanence of shepherding in the mountains of the Basque Country over centuries may help understand the fact that denominations given to diverse species of livestock, as well as to the implements used, form a distinguishing lexical corpus, independent from Indoeuropean languages.|]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastando-en-Eneabe-Zeanuri-1996.jpg|Grazing in Eneabe. Zeanuri (B), 1996. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Two millennia ago Pliny distinguished Vasconum saltus, humid and wooded, from Vasconum ager, with its grain fields and vineyards. That distinction still remains today, with regard to livestock farming.|]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-de-Lanciego-subiendo-a-Tolono-1996.jpg|Shepherd from Lanciego (A) on the climb to Toloño, 1996. Source: José Ángel Chasco, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The Mediterranean watershed of the Basque Country was, and to a large extent is, characterized by the importance of the commons, the communal character of their exploitation by associations and brotherhoods comprising multiple municipalities still persisting today.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Establo-de-ovejas-moderno-Izurtza-2000.jpg|Modern stable for sheep. Izurtza (B), 2000. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|The transformations that have taken place in the last few decades have fundamentally changed the world of livestock farming: no longer a way of life, it is now an economic activity.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Oveja-negra-en-el-rebano-Meaga-Getaria.jpg|Black sheep in the flock. Meaga, Getaria (G). Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|A black animal, and particularly a billy goat, was considered to protect the herd, flock or barn throughout the area surveyed.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Cabras-con-cencerros-Anboto-1999.jpg|Goats wearing bells. Anboto (B), 1999. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Cowbells, in the same way as chimes, have been attributed with the power to protect the livestock from spells. Their use to protect against the evil eye, begizkoa, was very widespread in the past.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-con-kapusai-Eriete-1959.jpg|Shepherd wearing a cape. Eriete (N), 1959. Source: Archive of the Museum of Navarre: Nicolás Ardanaz Collection.|Nolako artzaina, halako artaldea. <br />''Every animal ends up looking like their master.''||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Bendicion-del-rebano-antes-de-la-partida.jpg|Blessing of the flock before departure. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Artaldearentzat artzain guti hobe ainitz baino. <br />''Too many cooks spoil the broth.''||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Esquilando-ovejas-por-el-sistema-tradicional-Carranza-1998.jpg|Traditional sheep shearing. Carranza (B), 1998. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Grullas p’arriba, pastor buena vida, <br />Grullas p’abajo, pastor más trabajo.<br /><br />''When cranes fly north, life is easier for shepherds, <br />when they fly south, work is harder for shepherds.''||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Subida-al-monte-Aia-1998.jpg|Climb to the mountain. Aia (G), 1998. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|At the end of the Middle Ages, flocks in the Basque valleys converged on the same mountains that are now the main summer grassland used for grazing.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Dolmen-de-Gaxteenia-Mendibe-1980.jpg|Dolmen of Gaxteenia. Mendibe (NB), 1980. Source: Blot, Jacques. Artzainak. Les bergers basques. Los pastores vascos. Donostia: Elkar, 1984.|“The axial zone of the Basque Pyrenees retains underneath a maze of folds traits of a time-honoured culture.” <br />''J. M. Barandiaran''||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastos-en-Carranza-2009.jpg|Grassy pastures in Carranza (B), 2009. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The priority of the right of herds to cross arable land is expressed in the sentence: ''soroak zor dio larreari'' ‘arable land is indebted to grassland’.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Vacas-en-prados-comunales-Carranza-2007.jpg|Cattle on common pastures. Carranza (B), 2007. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Communities in areas where livestock has been the fundamental basis of their way of life consider Saint Anthony Abbot as the main protector of the health and fertility of the animals.||]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-y-espaldero-Canada-de-los-Roncaleses-1996.jpg|Herder and dog. Droveway of the Roncalese (N), 1996. Source: Iñaki San Miguel, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The introduction of sheepdogs meant they replaced the zagales, young children who had been in charge of herding the flock up to then.||]====


==[related]==

===Outstanding contents===
====[/images/thumb/1/12/3.84_Vaca_y_su_cria._Lasa_(BN)_2000.jpg/1200px-3.84_Vaca_y_su_cria._Lasa_(BN)_2000.jpg|Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country|Feeding of stabled livestock|[[ALIMENTACION_DEL_GANADO_ESTABULADO/en]]]====
====[/images/thumb/2/22/3.171_Illorra_Oidui_Aralar_(G).jpg/1200px-3.171_Illorra_Oidui_Aralar_(G).jpg|Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country|Common pasture land|[[PASTOS_COMUNALES/en]]]====
====[/images/thumb/e/e8/3.304_Matoia_estutzen._Aralar_(G)_1982.jpg/1200px-3.304_Matoia_estutzen._Aralar_(G)_1982.jpg|Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country|Cheese making|[[LA_FABRICACION_DEL_QUESO._GAZTAGINTZA/en]]]====
====[/images/thumb/0/02/3.356_Colmenar_en_Lasa_(BN).jpg/1200px-3.356_Colmenar_en_Lasa_(BN).jpg|Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country|Bees|[[LAS_ABEJAS._ERLEA/en]]]====