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===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Arreoa-erakusten-Bidegoian-1957.jpg|Trousseau escorted by wedding entourage on their way to Izagirre Farmhouse. Bidegoian (G), 1957. Source: Martín Photographic Studio.]===

===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Arreoa-erakusten-Bidegoian-1957.jpg|Funeral procession entering church. Zerain (G), 1965. Source: Karmele Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.]===

====[/atlas/juegos/Asto-astoka-Zeanuri-1920.jpg|Children from Zeanuri (B), 1913. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|''Txirringolan'' <br />

====[/atlas/juegos/A-chorro-morro.jpg|Vegetal clothing and accessories. Egozkue (N), 1967. Source: José Zufiaurre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Akerrak adarrak okerrak ditu, <br />adarrak okerrak akerrak ditu, <br />okerrak adarrak akerrak ditu. <br /><br />''Tongue-twister''||]====

====[/atlas/juegos/A-chorro-morro.jpg|Group of children. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Children in the traditional society, both in towns and in countryside, only really had the toys that they made themselves. Games were more common than toys, and the latter were just a basis for the former.||]====

====[/atlas/juegos/Jugando-al-corro-Larraul.jpg|Drawing of lots. Zeanuri (B), 1993. Source: Ander Manterola, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Txirristi-mirristi, gerrena, plat, <br />olio-zopa, kikili-salda, <br />urrup edan edo klik, <br />ikimilikiliklik. <br /><br />''Drawing lots chant''||]====

====[/atlas/juegos/Pin-pin-zarramacatin-Carranza-1993.jpg|Watching over the child. Source: Novedades. Donostia, 1914.|Obabatxua lo ta lo, <br />zuk orain eta nik gero; <br />zeuk gura dozun orduren baten, <br />biok egingo dogu lo ta lo. <br /><br />''Lullaby''||]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Vacunacion-antituberculosa.jpg|Vaccination against tubercolosis. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Ceferino Yanguas.|Pharmaceutical products have gradually replaced traditional cures.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Belarrak-ganbaran-hierbas-medicinales-guardadas-Elosua-1983.jpg|Herbal remedies in store. Elosua (G), 1983. Source: Miren Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Baratxuria, hamalau gaitzen kontra. <br />''Garlic cures all ills.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Ogi-salutadorea.jpg|Christmas bread. Source: Akaitze Kamiruaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The widespread belief was that Christmas Eve’s bread, ogi salutadorea, would not go mouldy and would prevent rabies in dogs and other domestic animals.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Sarnapotzu-ermita-de-la-Magdalena-de-Arantzadi-Berriatua-1983.jpg|Sarnapotzu, Magdalene of Arantzadi’s Hermitage. Berriatua (B), 1983. Source: Ander Manterola, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Nolako gaitza, halako erremedioa. <br />''There’s a cure for everything.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Capilla-del-Arcangel-Santuario-de-Aralar-Festividad-de-San-Miguel-1984.jpg|Chapel of the Archangel, Sanctuary of Aralar (N). Feast of St Michael, 1984. Source: Anton Erkoreka, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Osasun ona eukiteko, oiloekin ohera eta txoriekin jaiki. <br />''Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Nevera-de-Astikurutz-Otxandiano.jpg|Snow pit in Astikurutz, Otxandio (B). Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Osasuna galtzen duenak dena galtzen du. <br />''If you don’t have your health, you don’t have anything.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Fiesta-de-San-Guillermo-Jueves-de-Pascua-bendicion-de-agua-y-vino-Obanos.jpg|Feast of St William, blessing of water and wine. Obanos (N). Source: M.ª Amor Beguiristain, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ona da ardaoa, kentzeko burutik beherakoa. <br />''Treat a cold with a hot toddy.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Vacunacion-antipoliomielitica-1964.jpg|Vaccination agains poliomyelitis, 1964. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Arqué Collection.|Osasuna, munduko ondasuna. <br />''The first wealth is health.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Recogiendo-tomillo-en-Viernes-Santo-Salinillas-de-Buradon-1998.jpg|Collecting thyme on Good Friday. Salinillas de Buradón (A), 1998. Source: Isidro Sáenz de Urturi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|There is a hidden wisdom behind popular medicine that goes far beyond the remedy itself. This collection of data helps us catch a glimpse of a way to understand health and disease —and ultimately the human body— that differs from the prevailing view.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Ikoak.jpg|Green figs. Source: Akaitze Kamiruaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Verrugas tengo, <br />verrugas vendo, <br />aquí las dejo y me voy corriendo.<br /><br />''Formula against warts''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Ermita-de-Santa-Engracia-Segura.jpg|Hermitage of St Engratia. Segura (G). Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ez da gaitzik aldiak ez daroanik. <br />''Time cures everything.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/medicina/Manzanilla.jpg|Chamomile. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Eros ogi eta gazta, erremediotan ez gasta. <br />''Better to spend money on good food than on medicine.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Familia-troncal-Castillo-Elejabeitia-1930.jpg|Nuclear family. Artea (B), c. 1930. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Any bachelor, or spinster, traditionally continued to be linked to the homestead and to be an integral part of the family.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Seintzaina-Zeanuri-1924.jpg|Nursemaid. Zeanuri (B), 1924. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Until the mid-twentieth century women gave birth at home with the help of a midwife and women relatives and neighbours. Giving birth was almost exclusively a female domestic occasion exclusively concerning females.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Mozas-en-el-paseo-Aoiz-1950.jpg|Promenading. Aoiz (N), 1950. Source: Pilar Sáez de Albéniz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Neskazaharrak joaten dira <br />Madalenara, <br />santuari eskatzera <br />senar on bana. <br /><br />''Folk song''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Despedida-de-soltera-Durango-1960.jpg|Single farewell. Durango (B), 1960. Source: Gurutzi Arregi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The transfer of the chattels was a ritualised act of great importance as it marked the entry of the new spouse in the home, ''etxe-sartzea''.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Bautismo-Bilbao.jpg|Baptism. Bilbao. Source: Edurne Romarate, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|After giving birth, women would remain confined for a period that ended with the rite of being churched, ''elizan sartzea''.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Etxebarri-1968.jpg|Etxebarri (B), 1968. Source: Edurne Romarate, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Maritxu-teilatuko, <br />gona gorriduna, <br />eutsi hagin zaharra <br />ta ekarzu barria. <br /><br />''Popular recitation''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Entrada-en-el-templo-Getxo-1996.jpg|Bride’s entrance in church. Getxo (B), 1996. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive.|Ezkon urte, ero urte. <br />''People go crazy in the year they wed.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Mozas-en-el-paseo-Aoiz-1950.jpg|Offering to the departed. Donostia, 1958. Source: Segundo Oar-Arteta, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ezkonberri, etxe berri. <br />''A married person wants a house.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Urduliz-1984.jpg|Urduliz (B), 1984. Source: Akaitze Kamiruaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Haurrak negarrik ez, titirik ez. <br />''A baby who does not cry, does not suckle.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Boloak-Zerain-1970.jpg|Baptism celebration. Zerain (G), 1970. Source: Karmele Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Haurraren jaiotza, etxerako poza. <br />''A house without children is a flowerpot without flowers.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Bilbao-1995.jpg|Bilbao, 1995. Source: Asier Astigarraga’s private archive.|Charms, ''kutunak'', were attached to children’s clothes and were said to protect them from the evil eye.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/nacimiento/Pasacalles-Sanguesa-1960.jpg|Passacaglia. Sangüesa (N), c. 1960. Source: Juan Cruz Labeaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Gazteak, badakizue <br />zelan dantzan egin: <br />burua gora-gora <br />ta kaderai eragin. <br /><br />''Folk verse''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Adornando-las-sepulturas-para-el-dia-de-Todos-los-Santos-Bilbao-1990.jpg|Caring for the graves on the occasion of All Saints’ Day. Bilbao (B), 1990. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Omens of death included those associated with strange behaviour by some domestic animals, mainly dogs and cockerels.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Santa-Grazi.jpg|Santa-Grazi (Z). Source: Boissel, W. Le Pays Basque. Sites, Arts et Coutumes. Paris, A. Calavas edit.|Cuando el cárabo canta, la muerte levanta. <br />''When the tawny owl hoots, death wakes up.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Sepulturas-en-la-nave-de-la-iglesia-Amezketa-1990.jpg|Symbolic graves in church. Amezketa (G), 1990. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Each homestead used to have a burial site inside the church’s nave. When burials were transferred to cemeteries, the once real burial site in church became a symbolic family grave, were offerings of light and bread were made to their dead.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Toque-de-campana-anunciando-la-muerte-Beasain.jpg|Death knell. Beasain (G). Source: José Zufiaurre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Tolling the bell was a very effective way of announcing the death in rural settlements.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Cortejo-funebre-1925.jpg|Funeral cortège, c. 1925. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|There were specific paths to carry the corpse from the house of the deceased to the church and the cemetery.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Mujeres-con-ofrendas-Otxagabia-1920.jpg|Offering bearers. Otsagabia (N), c. 1920. Source: Fco. Javier Zubiaur and M.ª Amor Beguiristain’s private archive: Roldán and Calle Photographic Studios.|The members of the funeral cortege, relatives of the deceased and neighbours alike, would usually carry offerings of bread and light.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Ofrenda-de-luces-Amezketa.jpg|Light offerings. Amezketa (G). Source: Garmendia Larrañaga, Juan. Neguko Festak. Donostia, 1993, J. Juanes Photographic Archive.|Light offerings would light up the way for the soul of the deceased. And bread would sustain it.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Duelo-femenino-Sara.jpg|Mourners. Sara (L). Source: Veyrin, Philippe. Pays Basques de France et d’Espagne. Paris-Grenoble, 1951.|Sorrow was expressed by wearing mourning.||ENLACE]====

''Ritual formula to inform the bees of their keeper’s death''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Amortajamiento-de-un-nino-Durango.jpg|Infant shroud. Durango (B). Source: Gerediaga Association Archive: Germán Photographic Studio.|Jaiotzetik heriotza zor. <br />''When you begin to live, you being to die.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Pipaon-1990.jpg|Pipaón (A), 1990. Source: Pilar Alonso, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Hildakoari hobia eta biziari ogia. <br />''The dead to the grave and the living to the roll.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ritos/Hilarriak-Irulegi.jpg|Funerary stelae. Irulegi (NB). Source: Michel Duvert, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Oilarrak gauez kukurruku jotzen badu, laster izango da gorpuren bat etxe hartan. <br />''A cockerel crowing at sunset, death is looming.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-de-Lanciego-subiendo-a-Tolono-1996.jpg|Shepherd from Lanciego (A) on the climb to Toloño, 1996. Source: José Ángel Chasco, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The Mediterranean watershed of the Basque Country was, and to a large extent is, characterized by the importance of the commons, the communal character of their exploitation by associations and brotherhoods comprising multiple municipalities still persisting today.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Establo-de-ovejas-moderno-Izurtza-2000.jpg|Modern stable for sheep. Izurtza (B), 2000. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|The transformations that have taken place in the last few decades have fundamentally changed the world of livestock farming: no longer a way of life, it is now an economic activity.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Oveja-negra-en-el-rebano-Meaga-Getaria.jpg|Black sheep in the flock. Meaga, Getaria (G). Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|A black animal, and particularly a billy goat, was considered to protect the herd, flock or barn throughout the area surveyed.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Cabras-con-cencerros-Anboto-1999.jpg|Goats wearing bells. Anboto (B), 1999. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Cowbells, in the same way as chimes, have been attributed with the power to protect the livestock from spells. Their use to protect against the evil eye, begizkoa, was very widespread in the past.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-con-kapusai-Eriete-1959.jpg|Shepherd wearing a cape. Eriete (N), 1959. Source: Archive of the Museum of Navarre: Nicolás Ardanaz Collection.|Nolako artzaina, halako artaldea. <br />''Every animal ends up looking like their master.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Bendicion-del-rebano-antes-de-la-partida.jpg|Blessing of the flock before departure. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Artaldearentzat artzain guti hobe ainitz baino. <br />''Too many cooks spoil the broth.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Esquilando-ovejas-por-el-sistema-tradicional-Carranza-1998.jpg|Traditional sheep shearing. Carranza (B), 1998. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Grullas p’arriba, pastor buena vida, <br />Grullas p’abajo, pastor más trabajo.<br /><br />''When cranes fly north, life is easier for shepherds, <br />when they fly south, work is harder for shepherds.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Subida-al-monte-Aia-1998.jpg|Climb to the mountain. Aia (G), 1998. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|At the end of the Middle Ages, flocks in the Basque valleys converged on the same mountains that are now the main summer grassland used for grazing.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Dolmen-de-Gaxteenia-Mendibe-1980.jpg|Dolmen of Gaxteenia. Mendibe (NB), 1980. Source: Blot, Jacques. Artzainak. Les bergers basques. Los pastores vascos. Donostia: Elkar, 1984.|“The axial zone of the Basque Pyrenees retains underneath a maze of folds traits of a time-honoured culture.” <br />''J. M. Barandiaran''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastos-en-Carranza-2009.jpg|Grassy pastures in Carranza (B), 2009. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The priority of the right of herds to cross arable land is expressed in the sentence: ''soroak zor dio larreari'' ‘arable land is indebted to grassland’.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Vacas-en-prados-comunales-Carranza-2007.jpg|Cattle on common pastures. Carranza (B), 2007. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Communities in areas where livestock has been the fundamental basis of their way of life consider Saint Anthony Abbot as the main protector of the health and fertility of the animals.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-y-espaldero-Canada-de-los-Roncaleses-1996.jpg|Herder and dog. Droveway of the Roncalese (N), 1996. Source: Iñaki San Miguel, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The introduction of sheepdogs meant they replaced the zagales, young children who had been in charge of herding the flock up to then.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Andreak-asto-gainean-astotzarekin.jpg|Milk-women. Source: Ecclesiastical Historical Archive of Bizkaia: Sanctuary of Urkiola Collection.|Our rural folk and our ancestors knew and practised agriculture on a more human scale and from a more holistic approach; it is not only the yield that matters, but also the complex network of physical factors and human beings involved in an activity that is actually based on cultivating the life that feeds us.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Acarreando-hierba-verde-Carranza-1977.jpg|Grass hauling. Carranza (B), 1977. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|That [traditional agricultural] knowledge came from the deep-rooted bond established with the land. Self-sufficiency entailed deep respect for the land, as their very livelihood depended on it.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Vinedo-de-Obanos-2011.jpg|Vineyard in Obanos (N), 2011. Source: M.ª Amor Beguiristain, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Tente nublo, tente en ti,<br />no te caigas sobre mí,<br />guarda el pan, guarda el vino,<br />guarda los campos que están floridos.<br />''Spell against hail''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Siega-de-trigo-Gesaltza-1950.jpg|Wheat harvest. Gesaltza (G), c. 1950. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Satsitu ta jorratu ta garia hartu. <br />''Spreading manure and weeding and harvesting wheat.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Desgranando-semilla-Zerain-1961.jpg|Seed threshing. Zerain (G), 1961. Source: Karmele Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Selecting seeds has always been a fundamental activity. The best seeds were chosen from each harvest, and they were then stored and used for the next sowing season.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Laietan-Zeanurin-1920.jpg|Spading. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Spades, ploughs, rakes, sickles, scythes and threshers were the essential tools for agricultural work.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Acarreo-de-los-haces-de-trigo-1940.jpg|Haulage of wheat sheaves. Álava, c. 1940. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Both animal and human power had a decisive impact on the way of working and on the crops until the introduction of modern machinery.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Recoleccion-de-oliva-a-ordeno-Moreda-2015.jpg|Milking of olive trees. Moreda (A), 2015. Source: José Ángel Chasco, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Uzta garaian lokartzen, miserian iratzartzen. <br />''Anyone who sleeps at harvest time wakes up destitute.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Utillaje-para-trabajar-el-lino-Zeanuri-1931.jpg|Implements for linen making. Zeanuri (B), 1931. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Linoaren atsekabeak, amaigabeak. <br />''Producing fine linen is hard work.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Maizal.-Carranza--2016.jpg|Maize field. Carranza (B), 2016. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|San Jurgi, artoak ereiteko goizegi; San Markos, artoak ereinda balegoz. <br />''St George’s Day is too early to sow maize and St Mark’s Day is too late.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Trilladora-y-costales-de-trigo-Navarra-1960.jpg|Wheat being threshed and sacked. Navarre, c. 1960. Source: Archive of the Museum of Navarre: Nicolás Ardanaz Collection.|Maiatz luzea, gosea; garagarrilak ekarriko du asea. <br />''A very wet May, much straw and little grain.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Vecinos-trabajando-en-las-eras-Alegria-Dulantzi-1940.jpg|Neighbours on the threshing plots. Alegría-Dulantzi (A), c. 1940. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Elur asko den urtean, garia; eta erle asko dugunean, eztia. <br />''A year of snow, a year of plenty.''||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Sembrando-patata-a-azada-Abadino-2009.jpg|Sowing potato with a hoe. Abadiño (B), 2009. Source: Rosa M.ª Ardanza, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Flax fields and market gardens were the areas of the farm that required the greatest care, the pride of the farmer’s property and a cornerstone of the family’s wealth.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Molino-de-Carranza-1977.jpg|Mill in Carranza (B), 1977. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Until the 1950s, flour mills were an essential aspect of the livestock-farming economy of our villages.||ENLACE]====

====[/atlas/agricultura/Descargando-el-grano-en-el-remolque-Argandona-2003.jpg|Unloading grain into the trailer. Argandoña (A), 2003. Source: Juan José Galdos, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ezkur urte, laborte urte. <br />''Acorns a plenty, a year of prosperity.''||ENLACE]====