Diferencia entre revisiones de «Main Page/en»

Revisión actual del 16:55 11 mar 2020

The Ethnographic Atlas of the Basque Country is an ethnographic research project intended to provide an overview of popular culture and lifestyles of the Basques throughout the 20th century up to the present day.

Exhibition of the bridal trousseau. Bidegoian (G), 1957. Source: Ana Larrarte, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.

Muskildi (Z), 2011. Source: Michel Duvert, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.

House and Family in the Basque Country

“It has quite rightly been said, therefore, that any human settlement is the amalgamation of a little humanity, a little land and a little water.”

J. M. Barandiaran

House and Family in the Basque Country

Family Diet in the Basque Country

Aza-olioak pil-pil, bisigua zirt-zart, gaztaina erreak pin-pan, ahia goxo-goxo, epel-epel. Traditional Christmas song

Family Diet in the Basque Country

Christmas market. Vitoria-Gasteiz, 1977. Source: Fernando Díaz de Corcuera, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.

Leapfrog. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.

Children’s Games in the Basque Country

—Arre, arre, mandako, bihar Tolosarako, etzi Panplonarako. —Handik zer ekarriko? —Zapata ta garriko. Children’s chant

Children’s Games in the Basque Country

Traditional Medicine in the Basque Country

Verrugas tengo, verrugas vendo, aquí las dejo y me voy corriendo.Formula against warts

Traditional Medicine in the Basque Country

Green figs. Source: Akaitze Kamiruaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.

Bilbao, 1995. Source: Asier Astigarraga’s private archive.

Rites from Birth to Marriage in the Basque Country

Charms, kutunak, were attached to children’s clothes and were said to protect them from the evil eye.

Rites from Birth to Marriage in the Basque Country

Funeral Rites in the Basque Country

Sorrow was expressed by wearing mourning.

Funeral Rites in the Basque Country

Mourners. Sara (L). Source: Veyrin, Philippe. Pays Basques de France et d’Espagne. Paris-Grenoble, 1951.

Dark-faced latxa sheep. Abadiño (B). Source: Rosa M.ª Ardanza, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.

Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country

The permanence of shepherding in the mountains of the Basque Country over centuries may help understand the fact that denominations given to diverse species of livestock, as well as to the implements used, form a distinguishing lexical corpus, independent from Indoeuropean languages.

Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country

Agriculture in the Basque Country

Maiatz luzea, gosea; garagarrilak ekarriko du asea. A very wet May, much straw and little grain.

Agriculture in the Basque Country

Wheat being threshed and sacked. Navarre, c. 1960. Source: Archive of the Museum of Navarre: Nicolás Ardanaz Collection.

@@ Línea 2: / Línea 2: @@
 <languages />
+{{DISPLAYTITLE: Ethnographic Atlas of the Basque Country}}
 ==[carousel]==
@@ Línea 7: / Línea 9: @@
 ===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Arreoa-erakusten-Bidegoian-1957.jpg|Exhibition of the bridal trousseau. Bidegoian (G), 1957. Source: Ana Larrarte, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.]===
 ===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Caserio-Zurutuza-Zeanuri-1925.jpg|Zurututza Farmhouse. Zeanuri (B), c. 1925. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.]===
-===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Arreoa-erakusten-Bidegoian-1957.jpg|Trousseau escorted by wedding entourage on their way to Izagirre Farmhouse. Bidegoian (G), 1957. Source: Martín Photographic Studio.]===
+===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Carro-de-boda-y-comitiva-nupcial-camino-del-caserio-Izagirre-Bidegoian-1957.jpg|Trousseau escorted by wedding entourage on their way to Izagirre Farmhouse. Bidegoian (G), 1957. Source: Martín Photographic Studio.]===
-===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Arreoa-erakusten-Bidegoian-1957.jpg|Funeral procession entering church. Zerain (G), 1965. Source: Karmele Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.]===
+===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Segizioa-elizan-sartzen-Zerain-1965.jpg|Funeral procession entering church. Zerain (G), 1965. Source: Karmele Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.]===
 ===[ganaderia|Ganadería|/atlas/cabecera/Calabazas-para-el-ganado-Lezama-1990.jpg|Pumpkins for the livestock. Lezama (B), 1990. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.]===
 ==[nav]==
 ===[casa|House and Family|/atlas/casa.png]===
+====[Casa_y_familia_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[alimentacion|Diet|/atlas/alimentacion.png]===
+====[Alimentacion_domestica_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[juegos|Children’s Games|/atlas/juegos.png]===
+====[Juegos_infantiles_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[medicina|Medicine|/atlas/medicina.png]===
+====[Medicina_popular_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[nacimiento|Birth|/atlas/nacimiento.png]===
+====[Ritos_del_nacimiento_al_matrimonio_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[ritos|Funeral Rites|/atlas/ritos.png]===
+====[Ritos_funerarios_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[ganaderia|Livestock Farming|/atlas/ganaderia.png]===
+====[Ganaderia_y_pastoreo_en_vasconia/en]====
 ===[agricultura|Agriculture|/atlas/agricultura.png]===
+====[Agricultura_en_vasconia/en]====
 ==[libros]==
@@ Línea 89: / Línea 99: @@
 ====[/atlas/juegos/Columpiandose.jpg|On a swing. Source: Arrien, Gregorio. Niños vascos evacuados en 1937. Bilbao, 1988.|Sirrin-sarran, <br />domini pan, <br />zure semea errotan, <br />errota txiki, <br />errota handi, <br />eragin deutso, <br />pin-pan.<br /><br />''Children’s chant''|]====
 ====[/atlas/juegos/A-tabas-Zeanuri-1993.jpg|Playing knucklebones. Zeanuri (B), 1993. Source: Ander Manterola, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Before glass, and even clay, marbles were introduced, they used parts of plants, including oak acorns and seed pits.|]====
-====[/atlas/juegos/Asto-astoka-Zeanuri-1920.jpg|Children from Zeanuri (B), 1913. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|''Txirringolan'' <br />
+====[/atlas/juegos/Zeanuriko_umetxoak_bat_txirrintolarekin_1913.png|Children from Zeanuri (B), 1913. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|''Txirringolan'' <br />
 It consisted of rolling a metal or wooden hoop along using a wire rod with a hook at its end to steer or move it.|]====
 ====[/atlas/juegos/A-chorro-morro.jpg|Leapfrog jumping. Source: Iñigo Irigoyen, José. Folklore Alavés. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Chartered Government of Álava, 1949.|''Astoka'' <br />One or more participants bend down in a position that is usually called a frog and the others jump over them.||]====
-====[/atlas/juegos/A-chorro-morro.jpg|Vegetal clothing and accessories. Egozkue (N), 1967. Source: José Zufiaurre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Akerrak adarrak okerrak ditu, <br />adarrak okerrak akerrak ditu, <br />okerrak adarrak akerrak ditu. <br /><br />''Tongue-twister''||]====
+====[/atlas/juegos/Vestidos_y_adornos_vegetales_Egozkue_1967.png|Vegetal clothing and accessories. Egozkue (N), 1967. Source: José Zufiaurre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Akerrak adarrak okerrak ditu, <br />adarrak okerrak akerrak ditu, <br />okerrak adarrak akerrak ditu. <br /><br />''Tongue-twister''||]====
 ====[/atlas/juegos/A-enfermeras-Getxo-1993.jpg|Doctors and nurses. Getxo (B), 1993. Source: Jon Elorriaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Txikia banintzen, handia banintzen, maiatzerako burutu nintzen. <br />''Riddle''||]====
-====[/atlas/juegos/A-chorro-morro.jpg|Group of children. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Children in the traditional society, both in towns and in countryside, only really had the toys that they made themselves. Games were more common than toys, and the latter were just a basis for the former.||]====
+====[/atlas/juegos/Umetxo-taldea_Zeanurin_aurrekoa_parrantolarekin_Zeanuri_1920.jpg|Group of children. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Children in the traditional society, both in towns and in countryside, only really had the toys that they made themselves. Games were more common than toys, and the latter were just a basis for the former.||]====
 ====[/atlas/juegos/Ninos-con-patinetes-y-triciclos-en-la-Florida.jpg|Children riding scooters and tricycles at Florida Park. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Ceferino Yanguas.|Humans play games throughout their lives; however, that activity has a clearly different role for children and adults.||]====
@@ Línea 112: / Línea 122: @@
 ====[/atlas/juegos/Asto-astoka-Zeanuri-1920.jpg|Leapfrog. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|—Arre, arre, <br />mandako, bihar Tolosarako, <br />etzi Panplonarako. <br />—Handik zer ekarriko? <br />—Zapata ta garriko. <br /><br />''Children’s chant''||]====
-====[/atlas/juegos/Jugando-al-corro-Larraul.jpg|Drawing of lots. Zeanuri (B), 1993. Source: Ander Manterola, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Txirristi-mirristi, gerrena, plat, <br />olio-zopa, kikili-salda, <br />urrup edan edo klik, <br />ikimilikiliklik. <br /><br />''Drawing lots chant''||]====
+====[/atlas/juegos/Zotzetara_Zeanuri_1993.jpg|Drawing of lots. Zeanuri (B), 1993. Source: Ander Manterola, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Txirristi-mirristi, gerrena, plat, <br />olio-zopa, kikili-salda, <br />urrup edan edo klik, <br />ikimilikiliklik. <br /><br />''Drawing lots chant''||]====
-====[/atlas/juegos/Pin-pin-zarramacatin-Carranza-1993.jpg|Watching over the child. Source: Novedades. Donostia, 1914.|Obabatxua lo ta lo, <br />zuk orain eta nik gero; <br />zeuk gura dozun orduren baten, <br />biok egingo dogu lo ta lo. <br /><br />''Lullaby''||]====
+====[/atlas/juegos/Velando_el_sueno_1914.png|Watching over the child. Source: Novedades. Donostia, 1914.|Obabatxua lo ta lo, <br />zuk orain eta nik gero; <br />zeuk gura dozun orduren baten, <br />biok egingo dogu lo ta lo. <br /><br />''Lullaby''||]====
@@ Línea 169: / Línea 179: @@
 ====[/atlas/nacimiento/Entrada-en-el-templo-Getxo-1996.jpg|Bride’s entrance in church. Getxo (B), 1996. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive.|Ezkon urte, ero urte. <br />''People go crazy in the year they wed.''||]====
-====[/atlas/nacimiento/Mozas-en-el-paseo-Aoiz-1950.jpg|Offering to the departed. Donostia, 1958. Source: Segundo Oar-Arteta, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ezkonberri, etxe berri. <br />''A married person wants a house.''||]====
+====[/atlas/nacimiento/Ofrenda-en-la-tumba-familiar-Donostia-1958.jpg|Offering to the departed. Donostia, 1958. Source: Segundo Oar-Arteta, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ezkonberri, etxe berri. <br />''A married person wants a house.''||]====
 ====[/atlas/nacimiento/Urduliz-1984.jpg|Urduliz (B), 1984. Source: Akaitze Kamiruaga, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Haurrak negarrik ez, titirik ez. <br />''A baby who does not cry, does not suckle.''||]====
@@ Línea 249: / Línea 259: @@
 ====[/atlas/agricultura/Acarreando-hierba-verde-Carranza-1977.jpg|Grass hauling. Carranza (B), 1977. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|That [traditional agricultural] knowledge came from the deep-rooted bond established with the land. Self-sufficiency entailed deep respect for the land, as their very livelihood depended on it.||]====
 ====[/atlas/agricultura/Vinedo-de-Obanos-2011.jpg|Vineyard in Obanos (N), 2011. Source: M.ª Amor Beguiristain, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Tente nublo, tente en ti,<br />no te caigas sobre mí,<br />guarda el pan, guarda el vino,<br />guarda los campos que están floridos.<br />''Spell against hail''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Siega-de-trigo-Gesaltza-1950.jpg|Wheat harvest. Gesaltza (G), c. 1950. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Satsitu ta jorratu ta garia hartu. <br />''Spreading manure and weeding and harvesting wheat.''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Desgranando-semilla-Zerain-1961.jpg|Seed threshing. Zerain (G), 1961. Source: Karmele Goñi, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Selecting seeds has always been a fundamental activity. The best seeds were chosen from each harvest, and they were then stored and used for the next sowing season.||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Laietan-Zeanurin-1920.jpg|Spading. Zeanuri (B), 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Spades, ploughs, rakes, sickles, scythes and threshers were the essential tools for agricultural work.||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Acarreo-de-los-haces-de-trigo-1940.jpg|Haulage of wheat sheaves. Álava, c. 1940. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Both animal and human power had a decisive impact on the way of working and on the crops until the introduction of modern machinery.||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Recoleccion-de-oliva-a-ordeno-Moreda-2015.jpg|Milking of olive trees. Moreda (A), 2015. Source: José Ángel Chasco, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Uzta garaian lokartzen, miserian iratzartzen. <br />''Anyone who sleeps at harvest time wakes up destitute.''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Utillaje-para-trabajar-el-lino-Zeanuri-1931.jpg|Implements for linen making. Zeanuri (B), 1931. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.|Linoaren atsekabeak, amaigabeak. <br />''Producing fine linen is hard work.''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Maizal.-Carranza--2016.jpg|Maize field. Carranza (B), 2016. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|San Jurgi, artoak ereiteko goizegi; San Markos, artoak ereinda balegoz. <br />''St George’s Day is too early to sow maize and St Mark’s Day is too late.''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Trilladora-y-costales-de-trigo-Navarra-1960.jpg|Wheat being threshed and sacked. Navarre, c. 1960. Source: Archive of the Museum of Navarre: Nicolás Ardanaz Collection.|Maiatz luzea, gosea; garagarrilak ekarriko du asea. <br />''A very wet May, much straw and little grain.''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Vecinos-trabajando-en-las-eras-Alegria-Dulantzi-1940.jpg|Neighbours on the threshing plots. Alegría-Dulantzi (A), c. 1940. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Elur asko den urtean, garia; eta erle asko dugunean, eztia. <br />''A year of snow, a year of plenty.''||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Sembrando-patata-a-azada-Abadino-2009.jpg|Sowing potato with a hoe. Abadiño (B), 2009. Source: Rosa M.ª Ardanza, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Flax fields and market gardens were the areas of the farm that required the greatest care, the pride of the farmer’s property and a cornerstone of the family’s wealth.||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Molino-de-Carranza-1977.jpg|Mill in Carranza (B), 1977. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Until the 1950s, flour mills were an essential aspect of the livestock-farming economy of our villages.||]====
+====[/atlas/agricultura/Descargando-el-grano-en-el-remolque-Argandona-2003.jpg|Unloading grain into the trailer. Argandoña (A), 2003. Source: Juan José Galdos, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Ezkur urte, laborte urte. <br />''Acorns a plenty, a year of prosperity.''||]====
 ====[/atlas/agricultura/Siega-de-trigo-Gesaltza-1950.jpg|Wheat harvest. Gesaltza (G), c. 1950. Source: Municipal Archive of Vitoria-Gasteiz: Enrique Guinea Collection.|Satsitu ta jorratu ta garia hartu. <br />''Spreading manure and weeding and harvesting wheat.''||]====