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Texto reemplazado: «<sup>th</sup> century» por «th century»
In Zeanuri (B), the Basque expression "''inorenak ez direnak''" (what is not property of anyone in particular), in other words of everybody, was found for common property. In Améscoa (N), the people surveyed said that any land where nobody could provide documentary proof of title is considered common land. It can be deduced from data and information collected in our field research that common land and forests were much larger in the past than nowadays and that for different reasons that property is now owned by the municipality and in many cases, private individuals now own them.
The reason for those losses is that from the 19<sup>th</sup> 19th century onwards and due to the Peninsular War and the Carlist Wars, local councils were forced to sell common land to be able to meet the huge debts run up from provisioning the armies and the levies of the liberal troops. As was pointed out in Viana (N), there was also the abuse by the local residents themselves with blind eyes being turned to the illegal damage to paths and slopes.
== Tierras de Misericordia and Arca de Misericordia (Ecclesiastic and secular land/wheat bank in time of hardship) ==