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== I. [[ORGANIZACION_DE_LA_INGESTA_OTORDUAK/en|ORGANISING FOOD INTAKE]] ==

=== [[#Comidas_domesticas_en_dias_laborables|Household meals on working days]] ===

==== [[#Distribucion_de_las_comidas|Distribution of the meals]] ====

==== [[#Horarios|Times]] ====

==== [[#Composicion_de_cada_comida|Composition of each meal]] ====

==== [[#Refecciones_matutinas_Barausia_Gosaria_Amaiketakoa|Morning refreshments]] ====

==== [[#Comida_Bazkaria|Lunch]] ====

==== [[#Merienda|Afternoon snack]] ====

==== [[#Cena_Afaria|Dinner]] ====

=== [[#Comidas_fuera_del_hogar_pastores_pescadores_y_otros|Meals outside the home: shepherds, fishermen and others]] ===

=== [[#Comidas_de_domingo|Sunday meals]] ===

=== [[#Secuencia_de_los_diversos_platos|Sequence of the different dishes]] ===

=== [[#Colocacion_de_los_comensales|Seating arrangements]] ===

=== [[#La_mesa|The table]] ===

=== [[#Del_plato_comun_al_plato_individual|From the communal dish to the individual plate]] ===

=== [[#Los_cubiertos|Cutlery]] ===
&ensp;

== II. [[PLEGARIAS_EN_LA_MESA_FAMILIAR/en|PRAYING AT FAMILY MEALTIMES]] ==

=== [[#Vigencia_de_la_bendicion|Effect of the blessing]] ===

=== [[#Oraciones_familiares|Family prayers]] ===

=== [[#El_rito_de_la_bendicion_de_la_mesa|Rite of blessing the table]] ===

=== [[#Plegarias_de_bendicion|Blessing prayers]] ===

==== [[#Formulas_de_bendicion_en_euskera|Blessing formulas in Basque]] ====

==== [[#Formulas_de_bendicion_en_castellano|Blessing formulas in Spanish]] ====

==== [[#Recuerdo_de_los_familiares_difuntos|Remembering dead relatives]] ====

==== [[#Oraciones_despues_de_las_comidas|Prayers after meals]] ====

==== [[#Formulas_de_cortesia|Polite forms of address]] ====

==== [[#Bendiciones_jocosas|Tongue-in-cheek blessings]] ====
&ensp;

== III. [[LA_ELABORACION_TRADICIONAL_DEL_PAN/en|TRADITIONAL BREAD MAKING]] ==

=== [[#Generalidades|General points]] ===

==== [[#Periodicidad_de_la_hornada|Frequency of the batch bakes]] ====

==== [[#Las_harinas|The flours]] ====

=== [[#Preparacion_del_horno_Labasua|Preparing the oven]] ===

==== [[Utensilios_empleados_y_operaciones_efectuadas_en_el_horno_Carga_encendido_y_limpieza_dispersión_y_acumulación_de_las_brasas_barrido_de_la_solera_introducción_y_extracción_de_los_panes|Utensilios empleados y operaciones efectuadas en el horno]] ====

==== [[#El_combustible|The fuel]] ====

==== [[#Otros_usos_del_horno|Other uses of the oven]] ====

=== [[#El_pan_de_trigo_Ogia|Wheat bread]] ===

==== [[#La_levadura_Azkarria_Origen_conservacion_y_preparacion|Yeast: Source, storage and preparation]] ====

==== [[#Amasamiento_y_elaboracion_de_las_piezas_de_pan_Ogia_ezarri|Kneading and preparing the individual loaves]] ====

**The trough
**Cleaning the trough
**Sieving the flour
**Kneading
**Fermentation
**Second kneading 
**Dividing up the dough and shaping the loaves
**Baking 
**Storing the bread

==== [[#Agregados_a_la_harina_de_trigo|Additions to the wheat flour]] ====

**Usual dough ingredients
**Adding boiled potato
**Product to make sweet rolls 
**Other flours: barley and rye
**Rye bread

==== [[#Forma_y_peso_del_pan_Tipos_de_panes|Shape and weight of the bread. Types of bread]] ====

**Bread loaf 
**Torta (Flatbread)
**Wholemeal bread
**Sweet rolls
**Rolls for children
**Bread with egg or chorizo sausage

==== [[#El_pan_en_la_actualidad|The bread today]] ====

=== [[#La_harina_de_maiz|Corn flour]] ===

==== [[#El_pan_de_maiz_Artoa|Cornbread]] ====

**Area eaten
**Cornbread names and shapes
**Yeast
**Preparing cornbread
**Baking cornbread
**Eating the cornbread

==== [[#El_talo|''Talo'' (Corn flatbread)]] ====

**Eating ''talo''
**Preparing ''talo''
**Utensils to bake and toast ''talo''
**Food eaten with ''talo''

==== [[#El_morokil_y_papillas_similares|''Morokil'' (Corn porridge) and similar cereal porridges]] ====

=== [[#Ritos_y_creencias_asociados_al_pan|Rites and beliefs associated with bread]] ===

==== [[#Tratamiento_ritual_del_pan_domestico|Ritual treatment of household bread]] ====

==== [[#El_pan_ofrecido_a_los_mendigos|The bread offered to beggars]] ====

==== [[#Reparto_de_pan_en_la_iglesia|Bread handed out at church]] ====

==== [[#El_pan_de_ofrendas_Olata_En_el_funeral_en_la_sepultura_familiar_en_Todos_los_Santos_y_el_Dia_de_Difuntos|Offertory bread: During the funeral, at the family grave, on All Saints  and All Souls']] ====
&ensp;

== IV. [[MATANZA_DOMESTICA_DE_ANIMALES/en|DOMESTIC SLAUGHTERING OF ANIMALS]] ==

=== [[#Matanza_del_cerdo|Pig slaughtering]] ===

==== [[#Engorde|Fattening]] ====

==== [[#Tiempo_de_la_matanza_y_creencias_Azeguna|Timing of the slaughter and beliefs]] ====

==== [[#Sacrificio_Txerri_hiltzea|Slaughter]] ====

==== [[#El_chamuscado|Carcass singeing]] ====

==== [[#Vaciamiento|Gutting]] ====

==== [[#Enfriamiento_y_reposo|Cooling and resting]] ====

==== [[#Pesada_y_despiece|Weighing and jointing]] ====

==== [[#Los_embutidos|Cured meats]] ====

**Black puddings: Preparation and varieties
**Chorizo sausages: Preparation, classes and drying
**Other cured meats: Sausages, salcichón (cured sausage), butifarra (blood sausage), boar's head (brawn)

==== [[#Conservacion_de_otras_partes_del_cerdo|Preserving others parts of the pig]] ====

**Hams
**Bacon
**Loins, ribs, ears, legs and snouts

==== [[#Obsequios_con_ocasion_de_la_matanza|Gifts at slaughter time]] ====

==== [[#Transformaciones_en_la_matanza_domestica_del_cerdo|Changes in the domestic slaughtering of the pig]] ====

=== [[#Ovejas_y_corderos_Ardikia|Ewes and lambs]] ===

==== [[#Sacrificio|Slaughter]] ====

==== [[#Embutidos|Cured meats]] ====

=== [[#Cabras_y_cabritos|Nanny goats and kids]] ===

=== [[#Ganado_mayor|Large livestock]] ===

==== [[#Ganado_vacuno_La_cecina_Arakia|Cattle. ''Cecina'' (Cured, air-dried beef)]] ====

==== [[#Caballos|Horses]] ====

=== [[#Conejos|Rabbits]] ===

=== [[#Aves_domesticas|Poultry]] ===

==== [[#Gallinas_pollos_capones_y_gallos|Hens, chickens, capons and cockerels]] ====

==== [[#Pavos|Turkeys]] ====

==== [[#Palomas_y_pichones|Doves and pigeons]] ====

==== [[#Patos_y_ocas|Ducks and geese]] ====

=== [[#Carnes_de_caza|Game]] ===
&ensp;

== V. [[LA_LECHE_Y_SUS_DERIVADOS/en|MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS]] ==

=== [[#La_leche|Milk]] ===

==== [[#Tipos_consumo_y_comercializacion|Types, consumption and marketing]] ====

**Ewe's milk
**Cow's milk
**Goat's milk
**Ass's milk

==== [[#La_leche_perdida|Spoiled milk]] ====

==== [[#Piedras_rusientes_Esne_arriak|Hot stones]] ====

==== [[#La_nata|Cream]] ====

==== [[#El_calostro_Esne_barria|Colostrum]] ====

=== [[#El_queso|Cheese]] ===

==== [[#Los_quesos_en_funcion_del_tipo_de leche|The cheeses depending on the type of milk]] ====

==== [[#Elaboracion_tradicional_del_queso_de_oveja|Traditional methods for making ewe's cheese]] ====

**Milking
**Filtering the milk
**Coagulating the milk
**Beating the curds
**Shaping the curds
**Pressing
**Adding salt

==== [[#El_suero_Gazura|Whey]] ====

==== [[#Maduracion_y_conservacion_de_los_quesos|Maturing and storing the cheeses]] ====

==== [[#Formas_y_tipos_de_queso|Shapes and types of cheese]] ====

==== [[#Comercializacion_del_queso|Marketing the cheese]] ====

==== [[#Utensilios_empleados_en_la_elaboracion_del_queso|Utensils used to make the cheese]] ====

=== [[#Otros_derivados_lacteos|Other dairy products]] ===

==== [[#Requeson_Zenbera|Curd cheese]] ====

==== [[#La_cuajada_Mamia_Gatzatua|Junket]] ====

==== [[#Mantequilla|Butter]] ====

==== [[#Yogur|Yoghurt]] ====
&ensp;

== VI. [[CONSUMO_Y_CONSERVACION_DE_PRODUCTOS_VEGETALES/en|CONSUMING AND PRESERVING VEGETABLE PRODUCTS]] ==

=== [[#Consumo_de_productos_horticolas|Consumption of horticultural products]] ===

==== [[#Legumbres|Pulses and beans]] ====

==== [[#Verduras_y_otros_productos_vegetales|Leafy vegetables and other vegetable products]] ====

=== [[#Metodos_domesticos_de_conservacion|Domestic preserving methods]] ===

==== [[#Desecacion|Drying]] ====

==== [[#Conservacion_con_azucar|Preserving using sugar]] ====

==== [[#Conservacion_en_vinagre|Preserving in vinegar]] ====

==== [[#Envasado|Bottling and canning]] ====

==== [[#Conservacion_en_frio|Cold preservation]] ====

=== [[#Productos_conservados|Preserved products]] ===

==== [[#Frutas|Fruit]] ====

==== [[#Frutos_secos|Dried fruit and nuts]] ====

==== [[#Legumbres_Conservacion|Pulses and beans]] ====

==== [[#Hortalizas|Vegetables]] ====

=== [[#La_congelacion|Freezing]] ===

==== [[#Legumbres_Congelacion|Pulses and beans]] ====

==== [[#Verduras|Leafy vegetables]] ====

==== [[#Frutas_Congelacion|Fruit]] ====

==== [[#Setas|Mushroom]] ====

==== [[#Otros_productos_no_vegetales|Other non-plant products]] ====

==== [[#Alimentos_cocinados|Cooked food]] ====

==== [[#Alimentos_congelados|Frozen food]] ====
&ensp;

== VII. [[PREPARACION_Y_CONSERVACION_DE_HUEVOS/en|PREPARING AND PRESERVING EGGS]] ==

=== [[#Preparacion_de_huevos|Preparing eggs]] ===

==== [[#Asados|Baked]] ====

==== [[#Cocinados_en_agua|Cooked in water]] ====

==== [[#Cocinados_en_aceite|Cooked in oil]] ====

==== [[#Acompañando_a_otros_ingredientes|Added to other ingredients]] ====

==== [[#Otras_aplicaciones|Other applications]] ====

=== [[#Conservacion_de_huevos|Preserving eggs]] ===

==== [[#Conservacion_en_cal|Preserving in lime]] ====

==== [[#Conservacion_en_sal|Preserving in salt]] ====

==== [[#Otros_procedimientos_de_conservacion|Other preserving procedures ]] ====
&ensp;

== VIII. [[CONSUMO_DE_ANIMALES_ACUATICOS/en|EATING AQUATIC LIFE]] ==

=== [[#Animales_marinos|Marine life]] ===

==== [[#Mariscos|Shellfish]] ====

**Molluscs 
**Crustaceans

==== [[#Pescados|Fish]] ====

**Most frequently eaten species
**Species eaten less frequently

==== [[#Las_angulas_Pesca_y_preparacion|Elvers: Fishing and preparation]] ====

=== [[#Animales_de_agua_dulce|Fresh water life]] ===

==== [[#Peces_de_rio|River fish]] ====

==== [[#Crustaceos|Crustaceans]] ====

==== [[#Las_ranas|Frogs]] ====
&ensp;

== IX. [[CONSUMO_DE_SETAS_Y_CARACOLES/en|EATING MUSHROOMS AND SNAILS]] ==

=== [[#Las_setas|Mushrooms]] ===

==== [[#Toxicidad|Toxicity]] ====

==== [[#Conservacion1|Preserving]] ====

==== [[#Cultivo_del_champiñón|Growing button mushrooms]] ====

==== [[#Preparacion_de_las_setas|Preparing mushrooms]] ====

==== [[#Introduccion_de_nuevas_especies|Introducing new species]] ====

==== [[#Recogida|Harvesting]] ====

==== [[#Descripcion_de_especies|Species description]] ====

**Most consumed mushrooms
**Restricted consumption species
**Unspecified mushrooms

=== [[#Los_caracoles|Snails]] ===

==== [[#Variedades_recogidas|Varieties harvested]] ====

==== [[#Epocas_de_recogida|Harvest periods]] ====

==== [[#Diferentes_actitudes_ante_el_consumo_de_caracoles|Different attitudes to eating snails]] ====

==== [[#Mantenimiento_de_los_caracoles_recogidos|Keeping the harvested snails]] ====

==== [[#Limpieza_de_los_caracoles|Cleaning the snails]] ====

==== [[#Coccion_de_los_caracoles|Cooking the snails]] ====

==== [[#Preparacion_de_los_caracoles|Preparing the snails]] ====

==== [[#Elaboracion_de_caldo_con_el_agua_de_coccion|Making stock using the cooking water]] ====
&ensp;

== X. [[PREPARACION_DE_LAS_COMIDAS_DOMESTICAS/en|PREPARING THE MEALS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD]]  ==

=== [[#El_fuego|The Hearth]] ===

=== [[#Los_utensilios|Utensils]] ===

=== [[#Cultura_culinaria|Culinary culture]] ===

=== [[#Caldos_y_sopas|Stocks and soups]] ===

=== [[#Cocidos_de_legumbres_Lapikokoak_Eltzekoak|Pulse and bean stews]] ===

=== [[#Cocidos_de_verduras_y_hortalizas|Vegetable stews]] ===

=== [[#Cocidos_de_patata|Potato stews]] ===

=== [[#Ensaladas|Salads]] ===

=== [[#Arroz|Rice]] ===

=== [[#Pastas|Pasta]] ===

=== [[#Carnes|Meat]] ===

==== [[#Carnes_de_ganado_porcino_Txarrikia|Pork]] ====

==== [[#Carnes_de_ganado_ovino_Ardikia|Mutton and lamb]] ====

==== [[#Carnes_de_ganado_bovino_Arakia|Beef and veal]] ====

=== [[#Aves_Egaztiak|Poultry]] ===

=== [[#Platos_de_caza|Game dishes]] ===

=== [[#Fritos|Fried dishes]] ===

=== [[#Pescados1|Fish]] ===

=== [[#Postres|Desserts]] ===

=== [[#Condimentos|Condiments]] ===

==== [[#Condimentos_vegetales|Vegetable seasonings]] ====

==== [[#Aceites|Oil]] ====

==== [[#Condimentos_de_origen_animal|Animal-based seasonings]] ====

==== [[#Otros_condimentos|Other condiments]] ====
&ensp;

== XI. [[BEBIDAS/en|BEVERAGES]] ==

=== [[#El_agua|Water]] ===

=== [[#La_limonada|Lemonade]] ===

=== [[#El_vino_Ardoa|Wine]] ===

==== [[#Consumo|Consumption]] ====

==== [[#Area_de_produccion_y_clases_de_uva|Production area and types of grape]] ====

==== [[#Elaboracion_del_vino|Wine making]] ====

**The winery. Treading grapes in the winepress
**Extracting wine from the press
**Decanting the wine

==== [[#Clases_de_vino|Types of wine]] ====

=== [[#Txakolina_El_chacoli|Txakoli wine]] ===

==== [[#Elaboracion_del_txakoli|Making Txakoli]] ====

=== [[#Sagardoa_La_sidra|Cider]] ===

==== [[#Recogida_de_la_manzana|Harvesting the apples]] ====

==== [[#El_lagar_Dolara|The press]] ====

==== [[#Elaboracion_de_la_sidra|Cider making]] ====

==== [[#Consumo_y_embotellado|Drinking and bottling]] ====

==== [[#Pitarra|''Pitarra'' (apple must)]] ====

=== [[#La_cerveza|Beer]] ===

=== [[#Licores_Aguardiente_pacharan_y_otros|Spirits: Eau-de-vie, Pacharán (liqueur made from fermented sloes) and others]] ===

=== [[#Otras_bebidas1|Other beverages]] ===

=== [[#El_cafe|Coffee]] ===

=== [[#Las_infusiones|Herbal teas]] ===
&ensp;

== XII. [[TABACO/en|TOBACCO]] ==

=== [[#Iniciacion_en_el_habito_de_fumar/en|Starting smoking]] ===

=== [[#Sucedaneos_del_tabaco|Tobacco substitutes]] ===

=== [[#Cultivo_y_elaboracion_domesticos_del_tabaco|Growing and producing tobacco at home]] ===

=== [[#Formas_de_presentacion_del_tabaco|Tobacco forms of presentation]] ===

=== [[#Ventajas_atribuidas_al_tabaco|Benefits attributed to tobacco]] ===

=== [[#Pipas_y_boquillas|Pipes and cigarette holders]] ===

=== [[#Petacas_y_pitilleras|Pouches and cases]] ===

=== [[#Encendedores|Lighters]] ===
&ensp;

== XIII. [[ALIMENTOS_Y_COMIDAS_RITUALES/en|RITUAL MEALS AND FOOD]] ==

=== [[#Comidas_ligadas_a_festividades_y_tiempos_del_calendario|Meals connected with festivities and times of the year]] ===

==== [[#El_ciclo_de_la_Navidad|The Christmas cycle]] ====

**Food gifts: Snacks and treats
**''El Aguinaldo'' -  carol singing for treats
**Christmas Eve dinner. ''Gabon gaba. Olentzero gaba''

***''Ogi salutadorea''. Christmas Eve bread
***Christmas Eve dinner. ''Gabon afaria''
***Christmas Eve dinner at the start of the century
***Christmas Eve dinner according to current surveys

==== [[#Postres_navideños_lntxaursaltza_compota_sopa_cana_turrones_y_mazapanes_almendras_garrapiñadas|Christmas desserts: ''Intxaursaltza'' (Nut Sauce), compote, cinnamon soup, nougat and marzipan, sugared almonds]] ====

==== [[#Natividad_Eguberri_Nochevieja_Gabonzar_Año_Nuevo_Urteberri_Dia_de_Reyes_Erregena|Christmas Day, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, Epiphany ]] ====

=== [[#Comidas_del_tiempo_de_Carnaval|Meals at Carnival time]] ===

==== [[#Candelaria_Tostadas|Candlemas. Cinnamon French Toast]] ====

==== [[#San_Blas_Bendicion_de_alimentos|San Blas. Blessing of food]] ====

==== [[#Postulaciones_y_comidas_colectivas|Postulations and communal meals]] ====

**St. Agatha's Eve
**Las Marzas (groups  of young people singing  to welcome March)
**Las Pascuas (groups of young people singing to celebrate Easter)
**Basaratostea (Sunday after St. Agatha's Day)
**Fat Thursday

==== [[#Carnavales_Ihauteriak|Carnival]] ====

==== [[#Platos_tradicionales_de_Carnaval|Traditional Carnival dishes]] ====

=== [[#Ayunos_y_abstinencias|Fasting and abstinence]] ===

==== [[#Legislacion_ canonica|Canon law]] ====

==== [[#La_alimentacion_en_los_dias_de_ayuno_y_abstinencia|Food on fasting and abstinence days]] ====

=== [[#Pascua_de_Resurreccion_Pazko_Eguna|Easter Sunday]] ===

==== [[#Ritos_con_el_pan_y_el_agua|Rites with bread and water]] ====

==== [[#La_torta_pascual_Paskopilla_morrokoa_ranzopil|Easter cake]] ====

=== [[#Banquetes_domesticos_y_comidas_colectivas_en_las_fiestas_patronales|Household celebratory meals and communal meals to mark the patron saints' festivities]] ===

=== [[#Agapes_en_ermitas_y_santuarios|Celebrations at chapels and shrines]] ===

==== [[#Refaccion_a_la_conclusion_de_la_misa|Light refreshments at the end of mass]] ====

==== [[#Comidas_de_romeria|Pilgrimage meals]] ====

==== [[#Bendicion_de_alimentos_en_ermitas|Blessing food at shrines]] ====

==== [[#Banquetes_de_Cofradias_y_Hermandades|Brotherhood celebratory meals]] ====

=== [[#Comidas_al_finalizar_trabajos_colectivos|Meals at the end of collective work]] ===

==== [[#Txarriboda_Matanza_del_cerdo|Pig slaughtering]] ====

==== [[#Bizkar_festa_Remate_del_tejado_de_una_casa|Finishing the roofing of a house]] ====

==== [[#Comidas_de_auzolan_Trabajos_comunitarios|''Auzolan'' (neighbourhood labour) meals Community work]] ====

==== [[#Comidas_a_la_conclusion_de_trabajos_de_colaboracion|Meals at the end of collaborative work]] ====

=== [[#Banquetes_en_los_ritos_de_pasaje|Meals to celebrate the rites of passage]] ===

==== [[#Parto_y_nacimiento|Delivery and birth]] ====

==== [[#Bautizo|Baptism]] ====

==== [[#Fiestas_de_cumpleaños_Urtebetetzeak|Birthday parties]] ====

==== [[#Primeras_comuniones|First Holy Communions]] ====

==== [[#Bodas_Ezteguak|Weddings]] ====

==== [[#Agapes_funerarios|Funeral wakes]] ====
&ensp;

== XIV. [[TRANSFORMACIONES_OPERADAS_DURANTE_EL_PRESENTE_SIGLO_EN_EL_REGIMEN_ALIMENTARIO_DOMESTICO/en|CHANGES TO THE HOUSEHOLD DIETARY REGIME DURING THE 20TH CENTURY]] ==

=== [[#De_la_monotonia_a_la_diversidad|From monotony to diversity]] ===

==== [[#Perdida_de_la_autarquia|End of autarky]] ====

==== [[#Elaboraciones_domesticas|Home-made products]] ====

==== [[#Modificaciones_en_la_dieta_cotidiana|Changes in daily diet]] ====

==== [[#Actitudes_ante_a_la_alimentacion|Attitudes towards food]] ====

==== [[#Transformaciones_del_contexto_social|Changes in social context]] ====

==== [[#Nuevos_equipamientos|New equipment]] ====

==== [[#Transiciones_mas_recientes|More recent transitions]] ====
&ensp;

== XV. [[LA_ALIMENTACION_EN_IPARRALDE/en|FOOD IN THE NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY]] ==

{{#bookTitle:Family Diet in the Basque Country | Alimentacion_domestica_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}