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Con motivo del bautizo tiene lugar la primera salida de casa del niño y, en general, este quehacer se ha considerado <div style="cosa de mujeresmargin-left:0cm;"; en lo relacionado con el nacimiento y el bautizo el padre no tenía un papel claramente asignado. Ha sido la generalización de los partos fuera del ámbito doméstico lo que ha sacado del anonimato la figura del padre, al tener que estar presente en la clínica para recibir visitas y parabienes. También los cambios litúrgicos en la ceremonia del bautismo, tras el Concilio Vaticano II, han contribuido a dar mayor protagonismo a los padres.></div>
En euskera el bautismo se denomina ''bataioa<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></bateoa ''en Lezama, Markina (B); Donoztiri (BN); Ezkio, Hondarribia, Zerain (G); Ezkurra, Izurdiaga (N) y Liginaga (Z). En Abadiano, Urduliz y Zeanuri (B) a la ceremonia se le llama ''bautizua.''div>
El rito del bautismo tenía lugar en la iglesia parroquial<div style="margin-left:0cm; generalmente a media tarde si era en día de labor, y al mediodía después de misa mayor, si era en domingo."></div>
Hay que señalar que si bien en tiempos pasados eran escasos los niños que no recibían el bautismo Children were traditionally baptised shortly after being born. This religious practice was in response to the commonly accepted belief in the Basque Country that baptism is the sacrament that makes a person a Christian and cleanses them from the original sin with which humans are born. Even though the rite essentially follows the guidelines of the Catholic Church, each region has its own specific features in the details on how it is conducted. == Baptising newborns == Children were baptised as soon as possible, following an ancient prescription. In Zeanuri (cosa que sucedió principalmente durante la II RepúblicaB), a partir de los años setenta the following rule was followed until the mid-20th century: if the child was born in the early morning, they would be baptised in the afternoon of the same day, ''jaiotako egunen barruen;'' if that was not possible, it would the following day, ''jaio ta lehenengo egunian'' and no es tan raro que algunas familias decidan no bautizar later than the second day, ''jaio ta egun bi barru. ''This would ensure that the newborn would not die without being a sus hijosChristian, ''ez eitean hil kristiñau izan barik, ''and without being able to go to heaven. Aun así incluso la gente no creyente y agnósticaThis importance given to baptising the newborn as soon as possible, ''len bait lasterren, ''was very common (Nabarniz, Orozko, por costumbreUrduliz-B; Bidegoian, presión familiar u otras razones hace pasar Gatzaga<ref>Pedro M<sup>a sus hijos tanto por el rito </sup> ARANEGUI. ''Gatzaga: una aprox imación a la vida de Salinas de Léniz a comienzos del bautismo como de la primera comuniónsiglo XX . ''San Sebastián , 1986, p. 55.<div class="subindice"/ref>-G).Apartados:==Emergency baptism = [[Bautismo_de_recien_nacidos= Children born at home and at risk of not surviving, ''erkinek, ''or those born early, ''zazpikiek, ''(Nabarniz, Zeanuri-B) were usually baptised immediately by the midwife or the doctor._Bataioa_lehen_bait_lehen|Bautismo This rite generally known as an “emergency baptism" was also known as: "relief baptism" (Amézaga de recién nacidosZuya-A), "distress baptism" (Moreda-A), "pressing need baptism" (Portugalete-B), "relief water" (Moreda-A), ''"etxe-bautismue" ''(Markina-B), ''"etxe-bautizoa" ''(Abadiano and Urduliz-B). Bataioa lehen bait lehen]] ==People attending the baptism == Except in the case of well-off families and people living in urban centres, the father did not generally attend the baptism as “he had to earn a living” (Viana-N). The presence of the father of the infant at the baptism was seen in very few of the places surveyed and the mother would remain in bed. === [[Demora_del_bautismo|Demora del bautismo]] Holder of the child === In general, the midwife or the nurse midwife was the person tasked with dressing the child for the baptism and taking them to the font of the church until the 1940s. ==New baptism ritual = [[Baptisterio= The new baptism ritual for children, in force since 1970, got rid of many of the old rites that came from the Catechumen period and kept and adapted those referring to the baptism itself. According to the new post-conciliar provisions, the baptism has to be held on a Sunday, the day on which the Church celebrates the Paschal mystery and as a common celebration for all the children who have been born recently._Pontea|BaptisterioThe baptisms generally take place during the Sunday mass. Pontea]] == Hospitality to mark the baptism ===== [[El_bautismo_de_urgenciaUntil a quarter of a century ago (1970), baptisms were not usually celebrated with a family party. At most, a small snack was offered to those who had taken part in the entourage. This family event was not held until the mother had recovered from the birth._Etxe-bataioa|El bautismo de urgenciaA ritual meal would then be held to mark the occasion. Etxe-bataioa]] === === [[Asistentes_al_bautizo|Asistentes al bautizo]] Arrebuchas ritual (when the godparents throw sweets and coins) === According to the people surveyed, when the recently baptised child was brought out of the church, the godparents would throw sweets, treats, almonds and coins into the that the children would fight to get hold of them. Then, the group of children would follow the entourage to the home of the new born in the hope of more sweets and money that, sometimes, the godparents would throw from the balcony of the home. === [[Antiguo_ritual_del_bautismo|Antiguo ritual del bautismo]] =Godparenthood == The role of the godfather and the godmother used to be more important, which can be seen from their right for their godson or goddaughter to take their names. This was also reflected in the obligations that they undertook to become the child’s guardians should the parents die – something relatively frequent in the past. During the baptism ceremony, the priest would remind them of their spiritual duties that they had undertaken regarding the baptised child. === [[Nuevo_ritual_del_bautismo|Nuevo ritual del bautismo]] Choice of godparents === In Zeanuri (B), they said that less importance was given to choosing the godparents prior to the Spanish Civil War (1936) than nowadays. It was more requesting a favour - ''Mesedea eskatu besoetan artzeko umea –'' than a choice as such''. ''Particularly noteworthy was that thegodfather and godmother at that time was always chosen from among the friends of the father or of the mother and from among the neighbours. === [[Ofrendas_y_obsequios|Ofrendas y obsequios]] Godparents of convenience === The fact that needy families would name better-off people or relatives with no children as godparents was not unusual. In Alava, they were known as “godparents of convenience”, because the aim was to ensure certain advantages, particularly when the child had grown up. === [[Agasajos_con_motivo_del_bautizo|Agasajos con motivo del bautizo]] Godparents by chance === The surveys of Ateneo and other authors record a practice that was current in the first decades of the 20th century. It was as follows: when several children died in a family one after another, a godfather and godmother were not chosen beforehand for the following child. In that case, the people who went with the newborn to baptise the child would stand in the porch to the church during the religious ceremony and the first man and woman who left the church would be chosen as godfather and godmother. === [[El_padrinazgo|El padrinazgo]] =Baptismal name == Different factors came into play when choosing the baptism name. In general, the Saints Calendar was the main source of inspiration until the first quarter of the 20th century and, even, until more recently. In rural villages of that time, the choice of name was usually left up to the priest who would use the Saints Calendar and name the child after the saint of the day on which they were baptised. === [[El_nombre_de_pila|El nombre de pila]] =Christmas and easter presents == === [[Regalos_de_los_padrinos|Regalos de los padrinos]] Christmas and Easter presents ===</div>A custom that was widespread in the past in both the southern and northern Basque Country was that on Easter Sunday, the godparents – and more frequently the godmother – would give their godchildren special homemade bread. This practice disappeared as people stopped making bread at home; those gift rolls were made as part of the household's bake. Those few houses that still have their bread oven and some local bakeries continue to make and sell that Easter bread. Yet, the custom has mainly fallen out of fashion. {{DISPLAYTITLE: III. BAUTISMO. BATAIOABAPTISM}} {{#bookTitle:Ritos del nacimiento al matrimonio en Vasconia Rites from Birth to Marriage in the Basque Country| Ritos_del_nacimiento_al_matrimonio_en_vasconia/en}}
Texto reemplazado: «<sup>th</sup> century» por «th century»
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