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In the 19th century, vineyards were at their heyday between 1840 and 1890 given the demand for wine from France, whose vines had been hit by powdery mildew. The area used for growing vines would then begin to shrink with the appearance of that same powdery mildew, which would reach our country later, mildew and, above all, phylloxera. The latter reduced the total surface area of the vineyards in Navarre from 50,000 ha to 700 ha, a surface area that was subsequently occupied partly by cereal and, to a lesser extent, by sugar beet. In the 20th century, the preventive action taken by Navarre Provincial Council, the appearance of rural credit unions and the momentum of the cooperative movement fostered the recovery of vine growing, along with the measures to liberalise the markets and the need to consolidate product supply and demand after Spain joined the European Economic Community. This led to the modernising of Navarre wineries, both the privately-run and cooperative ones (80% of Navarre wine is produced in the latter).