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==== [[#Distribucion_de_las_comidas|Distribution of the meals]] ====
==== [[##Horarios|Times]] ====
==== [[##Composicion_de_cada_comida|Composition of each meal]] ====
==== [[##Refecciones_matutinas_Barausia_Gosaria_Amaiketakoa|Morning refreshments]] ====
==== [[##Comida_Bazkaria|Lunch]] ====
==== [[##Merienda|Afternoon snack]] ====
==== [[##Cena_Afaria|Dinner]] ====
=== [[#Comidas_fuera_del_hogar_pastores_pescadores_y_otros|Meals outside the home: shepherds, fishermen and others]] ===
=== [[#Colocacion_de_los_comensales|Seating arrangements]] ===
=== [[##La_mesa|The table]] ===
=== [[#Del_plato_comun_al_plato_individual|From the communal dish to the individual plate]] ===
=== [[#Los_cubiertos|Cutlery]] ===
&emspensp;
== II. [[PLEGARIAS_EN_LA_MESA_FAMILIAR/en|PRAYING AT FAMILY MEALTIMES]] ==
=== [[#Plegarias_de_bendicion|Blessing prayers]] ===
==== [[##Formulas_de_bendicion_en_euskera|Blessing formulas in Basque]] ====
==== [[#Formulas_de_bendicion_en_castellano|Blessing formulas in Spanish]] ====
==== [[#Recuerdo_de_los_familiares_difuntos|Remembering dead relatives]] ====
==== [[##Oraciones_despues_de_las_comidas|Prayers after meals]] ====
==== [[##Formulas_de_cortesia|Polite forms of address]] ====
==== [[#Bendiciones_jocosas|Tongue-in-cheek blessings]] ====
&emspensp;
== III. [[LA_ELABORACION_TRADICIONAL_DEL_PAN/en|TRADITIONAL BREAD MAKING]] ==
=== [[##Generalidades|General points]] ===
==== [[##Periodicidad_de_la_hornada|Frequency of the batch bakes]] ====
==== [[##Las_harinas|The flours]] ====
=== [[##Preparacion_del_horno_Labasua|Preparing the oven]] ===
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">==== [[##Utensilios_empleados_y_operaciones_efectuadas_en_el_horno_Carga_encendido_y_limpieza_dispersión_y_acumulación_de_las_brasas_barrido_de_la_solera_introducción_y_extracción_de_los_panes|Utensils used and operations carried out in the oven: Fuelling, lighting and cleaning spreading and building up the embers, sweeping the floor, loading and removing the loaves]] ====</div>
==== [[##El_combustible|The fuel]] ====
==== [[##Otros_usos_del_horno|Other uses of the oven]] ====
=== [[##El_pan_de_trigo_Ogia|Wheat bread]] ===
==== [[##La_levadura_Azkarria_Origen_conservacion_y_preparacion|Yeast: Source, storage and preparation]] ====
==== [[##Amasamiento_y_elaboracion_de_las_piezas_de_pan_Ogia_ezarri|Kneading and preparing the individual loaves]] ====
**The trough
**Storing the bread
==== [[##Agregados_a_la_harina_de_trigo|Additions to the wheat flour]] ====
**Usual dough ingredients
**Rye bread
==== [[##Forma_y_peso_del_pan_Tipos_de_panes|Shape and weight of the bread. Types of bread]] ====
**Bread loaf
**Bread with egg or chorizo sausage
==== [[##El_pan_en_la_actualidad|The bread today]] ====
=== [[##La_harina_de_maiz|Corn flour]] ===
==== [[##El_pan_de_maiz_Artoa|Cornbread]] ====
**Area eaten
**Food eaten with ''talo''
==== [[##El_morokil_y_papillas_similares|''Morokil'' (Corn porridge) and similar cereal porridges]] ====
=== [[##Ritos_y_creencias_asociados_al_pan|Rites and beliefs associated with bread]] ===
==== [[##Tratamiento_ritual_del_pan_domestico|Ritual treatment of household bread]] ====
==== [[##El_pan_ofrecido_a_los_mendigos|The bread offered to beggars]] ====
==== [[##Reparto_de_pan_en_la_iglesia|Bread handed out at church]] ====
==== [[##El_pan_de_ofrendas_Olata_En_el_funeral_en_la_sepultura_familiar_en_Todos_los_Santos_y_el_Dia_de_Difuntos|Offertory bread: During the funeral, at the family grave, on All Saints and All Souls']] ====&emspensp;
== IV. [[MATANZA_DOMESTICA_DE_ANIMALES/en|DOMESTIC SLAUGHTERING OF ANIMALS]] ==
=== [[##Matanza_del_cerdo|Pig slaughtering]] ===
==== [[##Engorde|Fattening]] ====
==== [[#Tiempo_de_la_matanza_y_creencias_Azeguna|Timing of the slaughter and beliefs]] ====
==== [[##Sacrificio_Txerri_hiltzea|Slaughter]] ====
==== [[#El_chamuscado|Carcass singeing]] ====
==== [[##Vaciamiento|Gutting]] ====
==== [[##Enfriamiento_y_reposo|Cooling and resting]] ====
==== [[##Pesada_y_despiece|Weighing and jointing]] ====
==== [[##Los_embutidos|Cured meats]] ====
**Black puddings: Preparation and varieties
**Other cured meats: Sausages, salcichón (cured sausage), butifarra (blood sausage), boar's head (brawn)
==== [[##Conservacion_de_otras_partes_del_cerdo|Preserving others parts of the pig]] ====
**Hams
==== [[#Obsequios_con_ocasion_de_la_matanza|Gifts at slaughter time]] ====
==== [[##Transformaciones_en_la_matanza_domestica_del_cerdo|Changes in the domestic slaughtering of the pig]] ====
=== [[##Ovejas_y_corderos_Ardikia|Ewes and lambs]] ===
==== [[##Sacrificio|Slaughter]] ====
==== [[##Embutidos|Cured meats]] ====
=== [[##Cabras_y_cabritos|Nanny goats and kids]] ===
=== [[##Ganado_mayor|Large livestock]] ===
==== [[##Ganado_vacuno_La_cecina_Arakia|Cattle. ''Cecina'' (Cured, air-dried beef)]] ====
==== [[##Caballos|Horses]] ====
=== [[##Conejos|Rabbits]] ===
=== [[##Aves_domesticas|Poultry]] ===
==== [[##Gallinas_pollos_capones_y_gallos|Hens, chickens, capons and cockerels]] ====
==== [[##Pavos|Turkeys]] ====
==== [[##Palomas_y_pichones|Doves and pigeons]] ====
==== [[##Patos_y_ocas|Ducks and geese]] ====
=== [[##Carnes_de_caza|Game]] ===&emspensp;
== V. [[LA_LECHE_Y_SUS_DERIVADOS/en|MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS]] ==
=== [[#La_leche|Milk]] ===
==== [[##Tipos_consumo_y_comercializacion|Types, consumption and marketing]] ====
**Ewe's milk
**Ass's milk
==== [[##La_leche_perdida|Spoiled milk]] ====
==== [[##Piedras_rusientes_Esne_arriak|Hot stones]] ====
==== [[##La_nata|Cream]] ====
==== [[##El_calostro_Esne_barria|Colostrum]] ====
=== [[##El_queso|Cheese]] ===
==== [[##Los_quesos_en_funcion_del_tipo_de leche|The cheeses depending on the type of milk]] ====
==== [[#Elaboracion_tradicional_del_queso_de_oveja|Traditional methods for making ewe's cheese]] ====
**Adding salt
==== [[##El_suero_Gazura|Whey]] ====
==== [[#Maduracion_y_conservacion_de_los_quesos|Maturing and storing the cheeses]] ====
==== [[##Formas_y_tipos_de_queso|Shapes and types of cheese]] ====
==== [[#Comercializacion_del_queso|Marketing the cheese]] ====
==== [[##Utensilios_empleados_en_la_elaboracion_del_queso|Utensils used to make the cheese]] ====
=== [[#Otros_derivados_lacteos|Other dairy products]] ===
==== [[#Yogur|Yoghurt]] ====
&emspensp;
== VI. [[CONSUMO_Y_CONSERVACION_DE_PRODUCTOS_VEGETALES/en|CONSUMING AND PRESERVING VEGETABLE PRODUCTS]] ==
=== [[##Consumo_de_productos_horticolas|Consumption of horticultural products]] ===
==== [[#Legumbres|Pulses and beans]] ====
==== [[##Verduras_y_otros_productos_vegetales|Leafy vegetables and other vegetable products]] ====
=== [[#Metodos_domesticos_de_conservacion|Domestic preserving methods]] ===
==== [[#Setas|Mushroom]] ====
==== [[##Otros_productos_no_vegetales|Other non-plant products]] ====
==== [[#Alimentos_cocinados|Cooked food]] ====
==== [[##Alimentos_congelados|Frozen food]] ====&emspensp;
== VII. [[PREPARACION_Y_CONSERVACION_DE_HUEVOS/en|PREPARING AND PRESERVING EGGS]] ==
=== [[##Preparacion_de_huevos|Preparing eggs]] ===
==== [[##Asados|Baked]] ====
==== [[#Cocinados_en_agua|Cooked in water]] ====
==== [[##Cocinados_en_aceite|Cooked in oil]] ====
==== [[#Acompañando_a_otros_ingredientes|Added to other ingredients]] ====
==== [[#Otras_aplicaciones|Other applications]] ====
=== [[##Conservacion_de_huevos|Preserving eggs]] ===
==== [[#Conservacion_en_cal|Preserving in lime]] ====
==== [[##Conservacion_en_sal|Preserving in salt]] ====
==== [[#Otros_procedimientos_de_conservacion|Other preserving procedures ]] ====
&emspensp;
== VIII. [[CONSUMO_DE_ANIMALES_ACUATICOS/en|CONSUMPTION OF EATING AQUATIC LIFE]] ==
=== [[#Animales_marinos|Marine life]] ===
**Crustaceans
==== [[##Pescados|Fish]] ====
**Frequently consumed Most frequently eaten species**More restricted consumption speciesSpecies eaten less frequently
==== [[#Las_angulas_Pesca_y_preparacion|Elvers: Fishing and preparation]] ====
==== [[#Las_ranas|Frogs]] ====
&emspensp;
== IX. [[CONSUMO_DE_SETAS_Y_CARACOLES/en|CONSUMPTION OF EATING MUSHROOMS AND SNAILS]] ==
=== [[#Las_setas|Mushrooms]] ===
==== [[#Cultivo_del_champiñón|Growing button mushrooms]] ====
==== [[##Preparacion_de_las_setas|Preparing mushrooms]] ====
==== [[#Introduccion_de_nuevas_especies|Introducing new species]] ====
==== [[#Limpieza_de_los_caracoles|Cleaning the snails]] ====
==== [[##Coccion_de_los_caracoles|Cooking the snails]] ====
==== [[#Preparacion_de_los_caracoles|Preparing the snails]] ====
==== [[#Elaboracion_de_caldo_con_el_agua_de_coccion|Making stock using the cooking water]] ====
&emspensp;
== X. [[PREPARACION_DE_LAS_COMIDAS_DOMESTICAS/en|PREPARING THE MEALS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD]] ==
=== [[#El_fuego|Heat sourceThe Hearth]] ===
=== [[#Los_utensilios|Utensils]] ===
=== [[#Cultura_culinaria|Culinary culture]] ===
=== [[##Caldos_y_sopas|Stocks and soups]] ===
=== [[#Cocidos_de_legumbres_Lapikokoak_Eltzekoak|Pulse and bean stews]] ===
=== [[#Cocidos_de_verduras_y_hortalizas|Vegetable stews]] ===
=== [[##Cocidos_de_patata|Potato stews]] ===
=== [[#Ensaladas|Salads]] ===
==== [[#Otros_condimentos|Other condiments]] ====
&emspensp;
== XI. [[BEBIDAS/en|BEVERAGES]] ==
=== [[#El_agua|Water]] ===
=== [[##La_limonada|Lemonade]] ===
=== [[##El_vino_Ardoa|Wine]] ===
==== [[##Consumo|Consumption]] ====
==== [[#Area_de_produccion_y_clases_de_uva|Production area and types of grape]] ====
==== [[#Elaboracion_del_txakoli|Making Txakoli]] ====
=== [[##Sagardoa_La_sidra|Cider]] ===
==== [[#Recogida_de_la_manzana|Harvesting the apples]] ====
=== [[#Otras_bebidas1|Other beverages]] ===
=== [[##El_cafe|Coffee]] ===
=== [[##Las_infusiones|Herbal teas]] ===&emspensp;
== XII. [[TABACO/en|TOBACCO]] ==
=== [[##Iniciacion_en_el_habito_de_fumar/en|Starting smoking]] ===
=== [[##Sucedaneos_del_tabaco|Tobacco substitutes]] ===
=== [[##Cultivo_y_elaboracion_domesticos_del_tabaco|Growing and producing tobacco at home]] ===
=== [[#Formas_de_presentacion_del_tabaco|Tobacco forms of presentation]] ===
=== [[##Ventajas_atribuidas_al_tabaco|Benefits attributed to tobacco]] ===
=== [[#Pipas_y_boquillas|Pipes and cigarette holders]] ===
=== [[##Petacas_y_pitilleras|Pouches and cases]] ===
=== [[##Encendedores|Lighters]] ===&emspensp;
== XIII. [[ALIMENTOS_Y_COMIDAS_RITUALES/en|RITUAL MEALS AND FOOD]] ==
=== [[##Comidas_ligadas_a_festividades_y_tiempos_del_calendario|Meals connected with festivities and times of the year]] ===
==== [[#El_ciclo_de_la_Navidad|The Christmas cycle]] ====
==== [[#Postres_navideños_lntxaursaltza_compota_sopa_cana_turrones_y_mazapanes_almendras_garrapiñadas|Christmas desserts: ''Intxaursaltza'' (Nut Sauce), compote, cinnamon soup, nougat and marzipan, sugared almonds]] ====
==== [[##Natividad_Eguberri_Nochevieja_Gabonzar_Año_Nuevo_Urteberri_Dia_de_Reyes_Erregena|Christmas Day, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, Epiphany ]] ====
=== [[##Comidas_del_tiempo_de_Carnaval|Meals at Carnival time]] ===
==== [[##Candelaria_Tostadas|Candlemas. Cinnamon French Toast]] ====
==== [[##San_Blas_Bendicion_de_alimentos|San Blas. Blessing of food]] ====
==== [[##Postulaciones_y_comidas_colectivas|Postulations and communal meals]] ====
**St. Agatha's Eve
**Fat Thursday
==== [[##Carnavales_Ihauteriak|Carnival]] ====
==== [[##Platos_tradicionales_de_Carnaval|Traditional Carnival dishes]] ====
=== [[#Ayunos_y_abstinencias|Fasting and abstinence]] ===
==== [[##Legislacion_ canonica|Canon law]] ====
==== [[#La_alimentacion_en_los_dias_de_ayuno_y_abstinencia|Food on fasting and abstinence days]] ====
==== [[#Ritos_con_el_pan_y_el_agua|Rites with bread and water]] ====
==== [[##La_torta_pascual_Paskopilla_morrokoa_ranzopil|Easter cake]] ====
=== [[##Banquetes_domesticos_y_comidas_colectivas_en_las_fiestas_patronales|Household celebratory meals and communal meals to mark the patron saints' festivities]] ===
=== [[##Agapes_en_ermitas_y_santuarios|Celebrations at chapels and shrines]] ===
==== [[#Refaccion_a_la_conclusion_de_la_misa|Light refreshments at the end of mass]] ====
==== [[#Comidas_de_romeria|Pilgrimage meals]] ====
==== [[##Bendicion_de_alimentos_en_ermitas|Blessing food at shrines]] ====
==== [[#Banquetes_de_Cofradias_y_Hermandades|Brotherhood celebratory meals]] ====
=== [[#Comidas_al_finalizar_trabajos_colectivos|Meals at the end of collective work]] ===
==== [[##Txarriboda_Matanza_del_cerdo|Pig slaughtering]] ====
==== [[##Bizkar_festa_Remate_del_tejado_de_una_casa|Finishing the roofing of a house]] ====
==== [[##Comidas_de_auzolan_Trabajos_comunitarios|''Auzolan'' (neighbourhood labour) meals Community work]] ====
==== [[#Comidas_a_la_conclusion_de_trabajos_de_colaboracion|Meals at the end of collaborative work]] ====
=== [[##Banquetes_en_los_ritos_de_pasaje|Meals to celebrate the rites of passage]] ===
==== [[##Parto_y_nacimiento|Delivery and birth]] ====
==== [[##Bautizo|Baptism]] ====
==== [[##Fiestas_de_cumpleaños_Urtebetetzeak|Birthday parties]] ====
==== [[##Primeras_comuniones|First Holy Communions]] ====
==== [[##Bodas_Ezteguak|Weddings]] ====
==== [[##Agapes_funerarios|Funeral wakes]] ====&emspensp;
<div style== XIV. [[TRANSFORMACIONES_OPERADAS_DURANTE_EL_PRESENTE_SIGLO_EN_EL_REGIMEN_ALIMENTARIO_DOMESTICO"margin-left:0cm;"></en|TRANSFORMATIONS UNDERGONE DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY IN THE FAMILY’S FOOD REGIME]] ==div>
=== XIV. [[##De_la_monotonia_a_la_diversidadTRANSFORMACIONES_OPERADAS_DURANTE_EL_PRESENTE_SIGLO_EN_EL_REGIMEN_ALIMENTARIO_DOMESTICO/en|From monotony to diversityCHANGES TO THE HOUSEHOLD DIETARY REGIME DURING THE 20TH CENTURY]] ===
==== [[#Perdida_de_la_autarquia|End of autarky]] ==== ==== [[#Elaboraciones_domesticas|Home-made products]] ====
==== [[#Modificaciones_en_la_dieta_cotidiana|Changes in daily diet]] ====
==== [[##Actitudes_ante_a_la_alimentacion|Attitudes towards food]] ====
==== [[##Transformaciones_del_contexto_social|Changes in social context]] ====
==== [[##Nuevos_equipamientos|New equipment]] ====
==== [[##Transiciones_mas_recientes|More recent transitions]] ====&emspensp;
== XV. [[LA_ALIMENTACION_EN_EL_PAIS_VASCO_CONTINENTAL_O_IPARRALDE_(RESUMEN)LA_ALIMENTACION_EN_IPARRALDE/en|DIET FOOD IN THE NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY OR IPARRALDE (SUMMARY)]] ==
{{#bookTitle:Family Diet in the Basque Country | Alimentacion_domestica_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}
