127 728
ediciones
Cambios
sin resumen de edición
==== [[#Gipuzkoa|Gipuzkoa]] ====
==== [[#Vasconia_continental|Northern Basque Country (lying within France)]] ====
=== [[#Vertiente_mediterranea|Mediterranean watershed]] ===
==== [[#Alava|Alava]] ====
==== [[#Navarra|Navarra]] ====
 
**Carranzana, ''sasi-ardia'' and Basque-Bearnese
==== [[#Razas_de_la_vertiente_mediterranea|Breeds of the Mediterranean watershed]] ====
**Coexistence of lacha, churra and merina breeds
==== [[#Apendice4_Descripcion_de_las_razas_autoctonas|Appendix: Description of the native breeds]] ====
=== [[#Yeguas_burros_y_mulos|Mares, donkeys and mules]] ===
==== [[#Apendice5_Descripcion_de_las_razas_autoctonas|Appendix: Description of the native breeds]] ====
=== [[#Gallinas_palomas_patos_y_otras_aves|Hens, doves, ducks and other poultry]] ===
=== [[#Otros_animales_menores_conejos_perros_y_gatos|Other small animals: rabbits, dogs and cats]] ===
=== [[#Denominaciones_segun_especie_edad_y_sexo|Names according to species, age and sex]] ===
==== [[#Ganado_ovino|Sheep]] ====
**Young
**Adults
==== [[#Ganado_caprino|Goats]] ====
**Young
**Adults
==== [[#Ganado_caballar|Horses]] ====
**Young
**Sundry animals
==== [[#Animales_varios|Other animals]] ====
 
=== [[#Nombres_impuestos_a_los_animales_domesticos|Names by which domesticated animals are known]] ===
==== [[#Ovejas_lenguaje|Sheep]] ====
**Due to the physical characteristics
**Concatenated names
==== [[#Vacas_y_bueyes_lenguaje|Cows and oxen]] ====
**Due to the physical characteristics
==== [[#Nombres_de_cabras_burros_gatos_y_cerdos_lenguaje|Names of nanny goats, donkeys, cats and pigs]] ====
=== [[#Lenguaje_y_modo_de_tratar_a_los_animales|Language and how the animals are treated]] ===
==== [[#El_trato_con_los_animales|How the animals are treated]] ====
**Patting
==== [[#Lenguaje_empleado_con_los_animales_domesticos|Language used with domesticated animals]] ====
**Cows
**Other animals
==== [[#Utensilios_para_aguijar_el_ganado|Utensils to prod the livestock]] ====
**Goad. Pole
**Divisions in the stable
==== [[#Establos_exentos_de_la_casa|Stables separate from the house]] ====
==== [[#Pesebres|Mangers]] ====
**Tying Tethering animals at the managersmangers
**Gates or grids
**Hayrack
**Nest boxes
==== [[#Conejeras|Rabbit hutches]] ====
==== [[#Palomares|Dovecotes]] ====
 
== VI. [[ALIMENTACION_DEL_GANADO_ESTABULADO/en|FEELING FEEDING OF STABLED LIVESTOCK]] ==
=== [[#Alimentacion_del_ganado_en_la_casa|Feeding of the homestead's livestock]] ===
==== [[#Vacas|Cows]] ====
==== [[#Terneras|Calves]] ====
==== [[#Corderas|Lambs]] ====
==== [[#Cabritas|Kids]] ====
==== [[#Cerdos_crias|Piglets]] ====
==== [[#Potras_y_burros|Foals (horse and donkey)]] ====
=== [[#Alimentacion_del_ganado_en_el_campo|Feeding the livestock out in the fields]] ===
==== [[#Vertiente_mediterranea_alimentacion|Mediterranean watershed]] ====
==== [[#Vertiente_atlantica_alimentacion|Atlantic watershed]] ====
==== [[#Control_de_los_animales_en_los_prados|Controlling the animals in the meadows]] ====
 
== VII. [[REPRODUCCION_Y_CUIDADOS_DE_LOS_ANIMALES/en|BREEDING AND LOOKING AFTER THE CARE OF ANIMALS]] ==
=== [[#El_ciclo_reproductor_de_los_animales_domesticos|The reproductive cycle of domesticated animals]] ===
**Gestation and delivery
==== [[#Cabras1|Nanny goats]] ====
==== [[#Yeguas|Mares]] ====
==== [[#Ovejas2|Sheep]] ====
=== [[#Manipulaciones_del_cuerpo_de_los_animales|Handling the body of the animals]] ===
==== [[#Corte_del_rabo_a_las_corderas|Cutting the tails of the lambs]] ====
**Cattle
==== [[#Herraduras_y_clavos|Shoes and nails]] ====
==== [[#Otras_operaciones_efectuadas_por_los_herradores|Other operations performed by farriers]] ====
=== [[#Vasconia_continental2|Northern Basque Country]] ===
=== [[#Alava2|Álava]] ===
=== [[#Navarra2|Navarra]] ===
== IX. [[LA_SUBIDA_CON_EL_REBAÑO_AL_MONTE/en|DRIVING FLOCKS TO UPLAND PASTURES]] ==
=== [[#La_subida_del_rebaño|Taking Driving the flocks up]] ===
==== [[#Influencia_del_clima_y_de_los_pastos|Influence of the climate and the pastures]] ====
==== [[#El_pastoreo_en_la_actualidad|Shepherding today]] ====
=== [[#Ascension_del_pastor_en_solitario_o_acompañado|The shepherd migrating to shepherd’s time on the uplands alone or accompanied]] ===
=== [[#Comitiva_animal_del_pastor|Animal retinue of the shepherd]] ===
==== [[#Pastos_veraniegos_o_de_altura|Mountain or summer pastures]] ====
==== [[#Pastos_invernales_o_de_valle|Valley or winter pastures]] ====
==== [[#Vertiente_mediterranea4|Mediterranean watershed]] ====
==== [[#Señales_con_pintura|Paint branding]] ====
==== [[#Marca_de_pez_o_brea._Empego|Tar branding Pitch branding]] ====
==== [[#Marca_de_hierro|Iron branding]] ====
**Iron branding on horns, hooves or nose
==== [[#Cambios_operados_en_el_marcaje_del_ganado._El_crotal|Changes occurred in the branding of livestock. The eartagear tag]] ====
=== [[#Cencerros_o_esquilones._Arranak_zintzarriak|Cowbells and large or single bells]] ===
==== [[#El_sonido_de_los_cencerros|The sound off the of cowbells]] ====
==== [[#Clases_de_cencerros_y_esquilas|Types of cowbells and shearingsingle bells]] ====
**Sheep
=== [[#Adornos_del_ganado|Livestock adornments]] ===
==== [[#Collares_de_campanillas_y_cascabeles|Collars for with chimes and strings of bells]] ====
**When carrying the harvest
**For other farm work
==== [[#Caballerias_enjaezadas|Harnessed horses]] ====
==== [[#Engalanamiento_del_ganado|Adorning the livestock]] ====
=== [[#Caracteristicas_y_evolucion|Characteristics and evolution]] ===
==== [[#Reduccion_y_perdida_de_comunales|Depletion Shrinkage and loss of common land]] ====
==== [[#Reforestacion_y_cierres|Reforesting and enclosures]] ====
==== [[#Rastrojeras|Stubble fields]] ====
==== [[#Intervencion_municipal_y_foral|Provincial and municipal intervention]] ====
==== [[#Condiciones_de_disfrute|Conditions of sue]] ====
<br/><span style=== [[#APROVECHAMIENTO_DE_LOS_PASTOS_COMUNALES|"font-size:120%;">'''USE OF THE COMMON PASTURE LAND:'']] ==='</span>
=== [[#Comunales_en_Bizkaia|Common land in Bizkaia]] ===
==== [[#Sierra_de_Gorbea|Gorbea mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Sierras_de_Anboto_y_Oiz|Anboto and Oiz mountain ranges]] ====
=== [[#Hermandades_y_comunidades_de_pastos_en_Alava|Commons associations and brotherhoods in Álava]] ===
==== [[#Comunidad_de_Sierra_Salvada|Sierra Salvada commons association]] ====
==== [[#Comunidad_de_la_Sierra_Brava_de_Badaia|Sierra Brava de Badaia commons association]] ====
==== [[#Comunidad_de_Guibijo|Guibijo commons association]] ====
==== [[#Comunales_de_Urkabustaiz|Urkabustaiz commons]] ====
==== [[#Junta_de_la_Sierra_de_Arcamo|Sierra de Árcamo Board]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Valdegovia|Valdegovía Valley]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Valderejo|Sierra de Valderejo mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Codes|Sierra de Codés mountain range]] ====
=== [[#Parzonerias_en_Gipuzkoa_y_Alava|Parzonerías (supramunicipal land usage systemcouncil) in Gipuzkoa and Álava]] ===
==== [[#Parzoneria_General_de_Gipuzkoa_y_Alava|Gipuzkoa and Álava General Parzonería]] ====
==== [[#Parzoneria_Menor_o_Komun_Txikia|Minor Parzonería]] ====
==== [[#Parzoneria_General_de_Entzia|Entzia General Parzonería]] ====
==== [[#Parzoneria_de_Iturrieta|Iturrieta Parzonería]] ====
=== [[#Sierras_de_Urbasa_y_Andia|Urbasa and Andia mountain ranges]] ===
==== [[#Comunales_de_las_Amescoas|Las Améscoas commons]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Lokiz|Sierra de Lokiz mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Comunales_de_Lezaun_y_Ultzama|Lezaun and Ultzama commons]] ====
=== [[#Pirineo_de_Navarra|Navarra Pyrenees]] ===
==== [[#Valle_de_Baztan|Baztan Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Erro|Erro Valley]] ====
==== [[#Aoiz_y_Valle_de_Longuida|Aoiz and Lónguida Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Salazar|Salazar Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Roncal|Roncal Valley]] ====
==== [[#Los_pastos_de_las_Bardenas_Reales|Bardenas Reales grazing land]] ====
=== [[#Corralizas|CorralsPens]] ===
==== [[#Sanguesa|Sangüesa]] ====
==== [[#Melida|Mélida]] ====
==== [[#Lodosa|Lodosa]] ====
==== [[#Allo|Allo]] ====
=== [[#Facerias|Facerías (cross-border grazing agreements)]] ===
==== [[#Facerias_interpirenaicas|Inter-Pyrenean ''facerías'']] ====
==== [[#Tributo_de_las_Tres_Vacas|Tribute of the Three Cows]] ====
=== [[#Pais_Vasco_continental|The Northern Basque Country]] ===
==== [[#Los_Sindicatos_territoriales|The Territorial Grazing Syndicates]] ====
==== [[#El_kaiolar|The ''kaiolar'']] ====
=== [[#Apendice_Seles_en_Vasconia|Appendix: Folds in the Basque Country]] ===
 
== XII. [[ESTABLECIMIENTOS_PASTORILES_DE_MONTAÑA/en|MOUNTAIN PASTORAL ESTABLISHMENTS]] ==
=== [[#Montes_de_Carranza|Carranza Mountains]] ===
==== [[#Cabañas_y_casetas|Cabins and huts]] ====
=== [[#Sierra_de_Gorbea1|Sierra de Gorbea mountain range]] ===
==== [[#Zeanuri|Zeanuri]] ====
==== [[#Orozko|Orozko]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Zuya|Zuya Valley]] ====
=== [[#Sierras_de_Anboto_y_Aramotz|Anboto and Aramotz mountain ranges]] ===
=== [[#Monte_Oiz|Mount Oiz]] ===
=== [[#Sierra_de_Aizkorri|Sierra de Aizkorri mountain range]] ===
==== [[#Urbia-Oltza|Urbia-Oltza]] ====
=== [[#Sierra_de_Izarraitz_y_Ernio|Sierra de Izarraitz mountain range and Mount Ernio]] ===
=== [[#Sierra_de_Aralar|Sierra de Aralar mountain range]] ===
==== [[#Beasain|Beasain]] ====
==== [[#Ataun_(1927)|Ataun (1927)]] ====
==== [[#Ataun_(1955)|Ataun (1955)]] ====
==== [[#Abaltzisketa_(1955)|Abaltzisketa (1955)]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Larraun|Larraun Valley]] ====
==== [[#Rediles_cupulares._Arkuak|Domed folds]] ====
=== [[#Sierra_de_Urbasa|Sierra de Urbasa mountain range]] ===
=== [[#Sierra_de_Andia|Sierra de Andia mountain range]] ===
=== [[#Sierra_de_Entzia|Sierra de Entzia mountain range]] ===
=== [[#Pirineo_navarro|Navarran Pyrenees]] ===
==== [[#Basaburua_Menor|Basaburua Menor]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Baztan1|Baztan Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Esteribar|Esteribar Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Aezkoa|Aezkoa Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Salazar1|Salazar Valley]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Roncal1|Roncal Valley]] ====
=== [[#Navarra_Media_y_Bardenas|Navarra Media and Bardenas]] ===
==== [[#Sanguesa1|Sangüesa]] ====
==== [[#Allo1|Allo]] ====
==== [[#Valle_de_Aoiz|Aoiz Valley]] ====
==== [[#Bardenas|Bardenas]] ====
==== [[#Melida1|Mélida]] ====
=== [[#Montes_de_Alava|Álava mountains]] ===
==== [[#Valderejo|Valderejo]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Arcamo|Sierra de Árcamo mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_Salvada|Sierra Salvada mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_Brava_de_Badaia|Sierra Brava de Badaia mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Treviño|Treviño]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Toloño|Sierra de Toloño mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Izki|Sierra de Izki mountain range]] ====
==== [[#Rioja_Alavesa._Moreda|Rioja Alavesa. Moreda]] ====
==== [[#Sierra_de_Codes1|Sierra de Codés mountain range]] ====
=== [[#Pais_Vasco_continental_La_organizacion_del_espacio_en_la_montaña|The Northern Basque Country: Space organisation on the mountain]] ===
==== [[#El_triple_habitat|The triple habitat]] ====
==== [[#Lapurdi|Lapurdi]] ====
**Sara
**Azkaine
==== [[#Baja_Navarra|Baja Navarra]] ====
**Aldudes Valley
**Pyrenean-Aquitaine transhumant movements
==== [[#Trashumancia_menor_y_transterminancia_invernales|Winter minor transhumance and transterminance]] ====
**Transhumance to the valleys and coast of Bizkaia
==== [[#Trashumancia_estival_a_las_sierras_de_Urbasa_y_Andia|Summer transhumance to the Urbasa and Andia mountain ranges]] ====
==== [[#Trashumancia_menor_y_transterminancia_estivales|Summer minor transhumance and transterminance]] ====
**Álava mountains
=== [[#Vida_en_los_pastos_de_invierno|Life in the winter pastures]] ===
==== [[#El_pastor_bardenero|The shepherds of the Bardenas]] ====
==== [[#El_pastor_trashumante_en_los_distintos_territorios|The transhumant shepherd in the different provinces]] ====
=== [[#Vida_en_los_pastos_de_verano|Life in the summer pastures]] ===
**Urbasa and Andia mountain ranges
=== [[#Disponibilidad_de_los_pastos_invernales|Winter grazing availability]] ===
==== [[#Alava3|Álava]] ====
==== [[#Bizkaia3|Bizkaia]] ====
==== [[#Gipuzkoa_y_Lapurdi|Gipuzkoa and Lapurdi]] ====
==== [[#Navarra3|Navarra]] ====
=== [[#Calendario_de_la_itinerancia_pastoril|Itinerant grazing calendar]] ===
**Drovers' trails in Navarra
=== [[#Apendice_Cañadas_de_Navarra_hoy|Appendix: Drovers' trails in Navarra today]] ===
 
== XIV. [[EL_PERRO_DE_PASTOR._ARDI-TXAKURRA/en|THE SHEEPDOGSHEPHERD’S DOG. ARDI-TXAKURRA]] ==
=== [[#El_mastin|The Mastiff]] ===
=== [[#Introduccion_del_perro_pastor_de_ovejas|Introduction of the sheepdog]] ===
=== [[#Variedades_de_perros_pastores|Types of sheepdogs]] ===
==== [[#Asociaciones_pastoriles_partzuerrak|Shepherding associations]] ====
=== [[#Pastores_de_grandes_rebaños|Largo Large flock shepherds]] ===
==== [[#Pastores_asalariados|Shepherds on a wage]] ====
==== [[#Criados|Paid help]] ====
==== [[#El_mayoral|Farm managerHead shepherd]] ====
==== [[#Consideracion_social|Social standing]] ====
=== [[#Pastores_concejiles|Council shepherds]] ===
==== [[#Labores|Tasks]] ====
==== [[#Salario._Alimentacion._Aguinaldos|Wage. Food. Bonus]] ====
=== [[#Cuidado_del_ganado_a_renque|Looking after hobbled livestock]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_1_Hameka_urtetan_Iratin_bordazain_guardian_de_cabaña_ganadera|Appendix 1: Livestock herding hand in Irati at 11 years old]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_Contrato_de_pastores_de_ganaderia_de_villa._Año_de_1890._Berganzo_(A)|Appendix 2: Charter town livestock herders contract. 1890. Berganzo (A)]] ===
=== [[#Prendas_de_abrigo_tradicionales|Traditional warm clothing]] ===
==== [[#Kapusaia._Txartesa._Hongarina|''Kapusaia''. ''Txartesa''. Long cape]] ====
==== [[#Espaldero_o_zamarra;_delantero_o_zagon|Sheepskin coat or zamarra; apron or zagón]] ====
==== [[#Polainas_galtzoinak|Gaiters]] ====
==== [[#Zuecos._Chanclos|Clogs. Overshoes]] ====
==== [[#Raquetas|Snowshoes]] ====
=== [[#Indumentaria_actual_del_pastor|The shepherd's apparel today]] ===
=== [[#Utiles_y_armas_del_pastor|The shepherd's implements and weapons]] ===
==== [[#Morral_o_zurron._Alforjas|Backpack or bag Saddlebags]] ====
==== [[#Cayado_makila|Staff]] ====
==== [[#Honda_y_malote|Sling and pouch]] ====
==== [[#Churra._Cachava._Cachiporra|Stout stick. Crook. Blackjack]] ====
==== [[#Eltzaorra._Zambomba|Friction drum]] ====
==== [[#Burruna._Bramadera|Bullroarer]] ====
==== [[#Iragazkia._Colador|Strainer]] ====
==== [[#Abatza|''Abatza'']] ====
==== [[##Maletxa._Batidor|Whisk]] ====
==== [[#Epakia._Espada|Dagger]] ====
=== [[#Vasijas_y_cubiertos|Pottery and cutlery]] ===
==== [[#Cucharas|Spoons]] ====
==== [[#Platos_Txalia_Taloaska|Plates]] ====
==== [[#Oporra_Esne-potoak|''Oporra''. ''Esne-potoak'']] ====
==== [[#Recipientes_para_agua|Water containers]] ====
=== [[#Labores_manuales|Manual work]] ===
=== [[#Artesania_de_la_lana|The wool craft]] ===
==== [[#La_carda|Teasing]] ====
==== [[#El_hilado|Spinning]] ====
==== [[#Tejido|Weaving]] ====
=== [[#Cordones_para_abarcas._Trailak|Laces for sandals]] ===
=== [[#Cuerdas_sogas_y_albardas|Twines, ropes and pack saddles]] ===
=== [[#Cayados_y_bastones_artzai-makilak|Crooks and walking sticks]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones5|Names]] ====
==== [[#Confeccion_de_collares|Making collars]] ====
==== [[#Transicion|Transition]] ====
=== [[#La_captura_del_lobo|Wolf hunting]] ===
==== [[#Desaparicion_del_lobo|Disappearance of the wolf]] ====
==== [[#Reaparicion_reciente|Recent reappearance]] ====
==== [[#Medios_de_defensa|Means of defence]] ====
==== [[#Tecnicas_de_caza|Hunting techniques]] ====
**Traps, snares and poisoned bait
=== [[#La_caza_del_zorro|Fox hunting]] ===
==== [[#Daños_causados_por_el_zorro|Damage caused by the fox]] ====
==== [[#Tecnicas_de_caza1|Hunting techniques]] ====
=== [[#El_oso|Bears]] ===
=== [[#Contratacion_de_alimañeros|Contracting vermin hunters]] ===
=== [[#Recompensa_por_los_animales_capturados|Payment for the captured animals]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_Descripcion_de_algunas_loberas|Appendix: Description of some lairs]] ===
 
=== [[#Ordeño_batzaldia|Milking]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones_y_lugar_de_ordeño_jeiztegia_eskorta|Milking parlour and names]] ====
==== [[#Tiempo_y_forma_de_ordeño._Kukurumuku_jeitzi|Milking time and way]] ====
==== [[#Nuevos_metodos_de_ordeño|New milking methods]] ====
==== [[#Produccion_de_leche|Milk production]] ====
=== [[#Calentar_la_leche_con_piedras_candentes_esne-harriak|Using hot stones to heat the milk]] ===
=== [[#Leche_de_oveja_y_cabra._Su_utilizacion|Goat's and ewe's milk. Its use]] ===
==== [[#Vertiente_atlantica4|Atlantic watershed]] ====
=== [[#Transiciones_contemporaneas1|Contemporary transitions]] ===
=== [[#Leche_de_ganado_vacuno|Cow's milk]] ===
=== [[#El_ordeño_manual_de_la_vaca_behi-jeiztea|Milking the cow by hand]] ===
==== [[#Procedimiento_de_ordeño|Milking procedure]] ====
==== [[#Introduccion_de_las_ordeñadoras|Introduction of milking equipment]] ====
=== [[#Medicion_de_la_leche_esne-neurriak|Measuring the milk]] ===
=== [[#Distribucion_y_venta_de_la_leche_de_vacuno|Distribution and sale of cow's milk]] ===
=== [[#Transporte_de_los_productos_desde_la_majada|Transporting the products from the upland herds]] ===
==== [[#Acarreo_de_la_leche_esnetako_hagea|Transporting the milk]] ====
 
== XX. [[LA_FABRICACION_DEL_QUESO._GAZTAGINTZA/en|PRODUCING CHEESEMAKING]] ==
=== [[#Elaboracion_de_queso_de_oveja_ardi-gazta|Making sheepSheep's cheesemaking]] ===
==== [[#El_cuajo_gatzagia_legarra|The rennet]] ====
==== [[#Elaboracion_del_queso_en_la_Vasconia_atlantica|Cheese making in the Atlantic-side of the Basque Country]] ====
**Cheese from the upland herds of Bizkaia and Álava
**Roncal cheese and Urbasa cheese
=== [[#El_mercado_de_los_quesos|The cheese market]] ===
==== [[#Mercados_del_Pais_Vasco_peninsular|Markets of the Southern Basque Country (lying within Spain)]] ====
==== [[#Mercados_de_Vasconia_continental|Markets of the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)]] ====
=== [[#Elaboracion_de_queso_de_cabra_ahuntz-gazta|Making goat's cheese]] ===
=== [[#Transiciones_contemporaneas2|Contemporary transitions]] ===
=== [[#Otros_productos_lacteos|Other dairy products]] ===
==== [[#El_suero_gazura|Whey]] ====
==== [[#El_requeson_zenbera|Curd cheese]] ====
=== [[#El_esquileo_ardi-moztea|Shearing]] ===
==== [[#El_tiempo_de_la_esquila_ardi-mozteko_sasoia|Shearing time]] ====
==== [[#Medidas_cautelares|Precautionary measures]] ====
==== [[#Esquiladores_ardi-moztaileak|Shearers]] ====
==== [[#Instrumentos_de_esquileo_ardi-mozteko_artaziak|Shearing instruments]] ====
==== [[#Procedimientos_de_esquileo|Shearing procedures]] ====
==== [[#El_esquileo_octobrino_urri-moztea|October shearing]] ====
=== [[#La_lana_artilea|Wool, artilea]] ===
==== [[#Venta_de_lana_para_usos_domesticos|Selling wool for household uses]] ====
==== [[#Venta_de_lana_a_fabricas_textiles|Selling wool to textile factories]] ====
==== [[#Calidad_y_estima_de_la_lana._Haitzeko_ardia|Wool quality and appraisal]] ====
==== [[#Matanza_domestica_del_cerdo|Domestic slaughtering of pigs]] ====
==== [[#Matanza_domestica_de_corderos_y_cabras|Domestic slaughtering of lambs and goats]] ====
==== [[#Matanza_domestica_de_ganado_vacuno|Domestic slaughtering of cattle]] ====
=== [[#La_venta_de_ganado_para_carne|Sale of livestock for meat]] ===
==== [[#Ganado_ovino_destinado_a_carne|Sheep raised for meat]] ====
==== [[#Compradores_de_carne_de_ovino|Buyers of sheepmeat]] ====
==== [[#Ferias_alavesas|Fairs in Álava]] ====
==== [[#Ferias_vizcainas|Fairs in Bizkaia]] ====
==== [[#Ferias_guipuzcoanas|Fairs in Gipuzkoa]] ====
==== [[#Ferias_navarras|Fairs in Navarra]] ====
==== [[#Ferias_de_Vasconia_continental|Fairs in the Northern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Ferias_fuera_de_Vasconia|Fairs outside the Basque Country]] ====
=== [[#Compraventa_mediante_tratantes_y_entre_ganaderos|Buying and selling using dealers and between livestock farmers]] ===
=== [[#El_acuerdo_de_compra|The purchase agreement]] ===
==== [[#Inspeccion_de_las_reses|Inspecting the cattle]] ====
==== [[#Regateo|Bargaining]] ====
==== [[#Cierre_del_trato_tratura_heldu|Closing the deal]] ====
==== [[#Adquisicion_condicional_y_cuarentena_del_ganado|Conditional purchase and quarantine of the livestock]] ====
==== [[#Formas_de_adquirir_el_ganado|Ways of acquiring livestock]] ====
=== [[#El_precio_del_ganado|The price of the livestock]] ===
==== [[#Modalidades_y_forma_de_pago|Payment methods and terms]] ====
==== [[#Unidad_monetaria_de_la_transaccion|Monetary unit of the transaction]] ====
==== [[#Complementariedad_de_la_ganaderia_con_otras_actividades|Complementary relationship between livestock farming and other activities]] ====
==== [[#Cambios_actuales|Current changes]] ====
 
== XXIV. [[LAS_ABEJAS._ERLEA/en|BEES, ERLEA]] ==
=== [[#La_cria_de_abejas|Bee-keeping]] ===
==== [[#Extension_del_cultivo_de_abejas|The spread of bee-keeping]] ====
=== [[#El_colmenar_abejar_erlategia|The apiary]] ===
=== [[#Captura_de_enjambres_erlakumea_harrapatu|Catching swarms]] ===
==== [[#La_salida_del_enjambre|Swarming]] ====
==== [[#Detencion_del_enjambre|Stopping the swarm]] ====
==== [[#Epoca_de_recoleccion|Harvest time]] ====
==== [[#Procedimientos_de_recoleccion._Catar_la_miel|Harvesting procedures Tasting the honey]] ====
==== [[#Medios_de_proteccion|Means of protection]] ====
=== [[#Obtencion_de_los_productos_apicolas|Obtaining apiculture products]] ===
==== [[#La_miel_eztia|Honey]] ====
==== [[#La_cera|Wax]] ====
==== [[#El_veneno|Honey bee venom]] ====
=== [[#Creencias_y_saberes_sobre_las_abejas|Beliefs and lore about bees]] ===
=== [[#Transformaciones_contemporaneas4|Contemporary changes]] ===
==== [[#Estampas_y_cruces_en_establos|Engravings and crosses in stables]] ====
=== [[#San_Blas|St. Blaise]] ===
==== [[#Ritos_y_bendiciones_en_su_festividad|Rites and blessings on his feast day]] ====
=== [[#Simbolos_protectores_contra_el_rayo|Symbols to protect against lightning]] ===
==== [[#El_espino_albar_elorria|Hawthorn]] ====
==== [[#El_laurel_bendecido_erramua|Blessed bay leaves]] ====
==== [[#Santa_Cruz_de_mayo|Holy May Cross]] ====
==== [[#Las_candelas_bendecidas|Blessed candles]] ====
==== [[#Otros_procedimientos_y_prevenciones|Other procedures and prevention]] ====
==== [[#El_hacha_primitiva|The early axe]] ====
=== [[#Bendiciones_rituales|Ritual blessings]] ===
==== [[#Establos_y_corrales|Stables and pens]] ====
==== [[#Pasturajes_del_monte|Upland pastures]] ====
=== [[#Ofrendas|Offerings]] ===
==== [[#Gallinas_y_gatos|Hens and cats]] ====
=== [[#Bildots-lorra_ayuda_mutua|''Bildots-lorra'': mutual help]] ===
=== [[#Otras_costumbres|Other customs]] ===
=== [[#Lugares_donde_se_practican_los_juegos|Venues for the games]] ===
=== [[#Juegos_de_pelota|Ball games]] ===
==== [[#Pelota-jokoa|''Pelota-jokoa'']] ====
==== [[#Urdanka|''Urdanka'']] ====
==== [[#El_chute|El chute - fast traditional game]] ====
=== [[#Juegos_de_lanzamiento|Throwing games]] ===
==== [[#Makilak_zeharkatzea|''Makilak zeharkatzea'']] ====
==== [[#Makila-jokoa|''Makila-jokoa'']] ====
=== [[#Juegos_de_salto|Jumping games]] ===
=== [[#Juegos_de_carreras|Races]] ===
=== [[#Juegos_de_bolos|Bowling games]] ===
=== [[#Juegos_de_mesa|Table games]] ===
==== [[#Cartas|Cards]] ====
==== [[#Artzain-jokoa._Tres_en_raya|''Artzain-jokoa''. Noughts and Crosses]] ====
=== [[#Espantos|Ghost stories]] ===
**''Alboka''
=== [[#Apendice_Descripcion_de_los_juegos_botu_luzea_y_urdanka_por_un_pastor_suletino|Appendix: Description of the botu luzea and urdanka games by a shepherd from Soule]] ===
{{#bookTitle:Livestock Farming and Shepherding in the Basque Country | Ganaderia_y_pastoreo_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}