<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
Landa-lanetan jaso denaren araberaAccording to the field research, iraganean ohikoa izan zen hileta segizioan parte hartzen zutenekit was common for the members of the funeral cortege to be relatives of the deceased and neighbours bearing offerings. The women would carry bread or wax, hala hilaren senitartekoek nola auzokoekthe men candles or torches, eskaintzak eramateaand everyone lights. EmakumeekThe children would often carry candles at the front of the cortege, ogiak edo ezkoa; gizonek, kandelak edo aizkorak; eta denek, argiakas would the brethren and relatives that walked alongside the coffin. HaurrakThe women carried spiral rolls of wax attached to a board for the family grave and the men torches that, sarritanafter the ceremony, kandelak eramanez joaten ziren segizioaren buruan, eta gauza bera egiten zuten kofradiako kideek eta hilkutxaren ondoan zihoazen senitartekoekwere left in the church for the parish services. Emakumeek ohol bati espiralean lotutako ezkozko biribilkiak eramaten zituzten familiako hilkutxarako eta gizonek gero parrokiako gurtzarako elizan uzten ziren aizkorakThis tradition continued in many places until the 1950s and 1960s. Tradizio horri leku askotan eutsi zaio berrogeita hamarreko eta hirurogeiko hamarkadara arte. Antzina, eskaintzak animaliak, animalia zatiak edo bestelako okelak izaten baldin baziren ere, aipatutako horien ordez, denborak aurrera egin ahalaThe offerings in the past were animals, koroenak eta lore sortenak erabili zirenparts of animals or other meats and they have been replaced by branches of flowers or wreaths over time.
Eskaintza orokorrez gainIn addition to the general offerings mentioned above, hiletako segizioan neurri batean hilaren etxea sinbolizatzen zuen aparteko eskaintza bat eramaten zenthere would a specific offering that in some way symbolised the home of the deceased. Herri batzuetanIn some locations, haren barruan eramaten ziren argimutilakcandelabras, kandelak eta familiaren hilobi sinbolikoaren gainerako osagarriakcandles and other elements of the symbolic burial site belonging to the family would be carried there. Hileta segizioaren buru egiten zuen eskaintza horrek batzuetanSometimes, are parrokiako gurutzearen aurretik ere joandathe offering would be at the head of the funeral cortege, aurrean eramaten zen ogiak berak ulertarazten duen moduaneven before the parish cross, as can be seen from the very name for the bread carried at the front. Beste batzuetanIn other cases, hilkutxaren ondoan joaten zen edo haren atzetik ondoit was located next to the coffin or immediately after it. There would be an offering-ondoanbearer at the front of the cortege and another at the end in some places. Herri batzuetan, eskaintzaile bat izaten zen segizioaren buruan eta beste bat haren amaieran. Figura hori gainbehera izaten hasi zen aspaldi, eta 1936ko gerra zibilaren garaiaren inguruan lausotu zenThat use of that figure began to decline some time ago and generally fell into disuse around the 1936 Spanish Civil War, nahiz eta geroagoko arrastoak ere badauden berrogeita hamarreko eta hirurogeiko hamarkadetara artealthough the odd example can be found until the 1950s and 1960s when it disappeared.
Nafarroa Behereko eta Zuberoako lurraldeetan ohikoa izan zen auzoko lehen emakumeak saski txiki batean eramatea hilaren etxeko kandelaIn Lower Navarre and Zuberoa, eta, batzuetan, berea eta auzoko lehen emakumeena. Emakumeen doluaren buru egiten joaten zen etxekoandrearen ondoanit was common for the female first neighbour to carry the wax in a basket from the home of the deceased and sometimes from her own and those of the homes of the female first neighbours. Nafarroa Beherean She would walk beside the woman of the home at the head of the female mourners and would wear a ''mantaleta'' batez janzten zen(cape) in Lower Navarre.
Elizara iristeanOn arriving at the church, saskia etxeko jabearen aurrean ezartzen zuenshe placed the basket before the owner of the farmstead.
Eskaintza berezi horiThis special offering, beste batzuekin bateraalong with the others, elizaren barruan uzten zen, hilaren etxeko hilobi sinbolikoanwas placed in the church at the symbolic burial site of the home of the deceased.
Ohitura zabaldua izan zen argiaren edo «sepulturaren» eramailea arduratzea hilaren familiaren hilobiko argiak zaintzeaz, hiletak egiten ziren bitarteanThere was the widespread custom that the bearer of the light or of the “burial site” was tasked with looking after the lights of the family burial site of the deceased during the funeral obsequies.
== Eskaintzaren eramailea The offering-bearer ==
=== OgiThe bread offering-eskaintzailea. Aurrogia bearer ===
Lehenik eskaintza ogia edo ogia eta ezkoa zela baieztatu den herriak agertzen dira. Antza denezFirst of all, ogizko eskaintzaren ordez argiena nagusitu zen, kandelen edo «sepultura» sinbolikoa osatzen zuten elementuen bidez, etathere are the locations where it was reported that the offering consisted of bread or bread or wax. Apparently, azkenikthe bread offering was replaced by lights in the form of candles or by elements that made up the symbolic “burial site”, diruarenabefore finally money began to be used.
.Meñakan In Meñaka (B), segizioaren buru auzoko emakume bat joaten zena neighbour, known as ''aurreogije'' zeritzona, ogiaren eramaileabearer of the bread, would lead the cortege. Ezkondua edo ezkongabea izan behar zuenShe had to be married or single, hilaren egoera zibilaren araberaaccording to the civil status of the deceased. Bataiatu berrien kasuanIf the deceased was recently baptised, ama puntakoa izan ohi zenthe bearer was usually the godmother. Besapean zamau txiki batek estalitako saskitxoa edukitzen zuenShe carried a basket on her arm covered by a small cloth, eta, han, ogiin which a bread roll used to be placed and a ten-opil txiki bat eramaten zuen antzina, eta, mendearen hasieran, hamar zentimoko txanpon batcent coin from the start of the century, errespontsuaren prezioaren baliokideaand which was equivalent to the price of a response<ref>MARCAIDA, Manuel deMARCAIDA. "Creencias y ritos funerarios en Meñaka (Bizkaya)", in AEF, III (1923) p. 34. or.</ref>.
=== ArgiThe light offering-eskaintzailea. Ezkoanderea bearer ===
Ezkoandereak funtzio bera zuen segizioanThe offering-bearer played the same role in the cortege, ogia edo argiak eramandaregardless of whether she was carrying bread or lights. Ondoren argiak eskaintzen ziren herri batzuk aipatzen diraSome places where lights were offered are mentioned below. Euskal Herri penintsularreanIn the part of the Basque Country falling within Spain, ezkoandere horrek segizioaren buru egiten zuen edo leku garrantzitsua hartzen zuen hartanthe offering-bearer led or was in a significant part of the cortege. Litekeena da antzina hura joatea segizioaren buruan Euskal Herri kontinentalean ereIt is likely that she used to also lead the cortege in the part of the Basque Country in France. Hala jaso zen IholdinThat was the case in Iholdi<ref>Jean HARITSCHELHAR. «Coutumes “Coutumes funéraires a à Iholdy (BasseNavarreBasse-Navarre)» ” in ''Bulletin du Musée Basque. ''37. zenbakia Nº37 (1967) p. 112. or., Note 7. oharra.</ref> (BN), non antzina hilaren etxearen auzoko lehen emakumea joaten zen segizioaren buruanwhere the female first neighbour of the house of the deceased, dressed in a cape and holding a candle in her hand, mantaletaz jantzita eta eskuan kandela zuelawould lead out the cortege. Gaur egunNowadays, inkestetan egiaztatu denez, informatzaileen oroimenean dago ezkoandereak leku garrantzitsua zuela emakumeen doluanthe people surveyed remembered that the offering-bearer played a key role among the female mourners.
== Animalien antzinako eskaintzak segizioan Cortege animal offerings in the past ==
AntzinaIn the past, ohikoa izan zen hileta segizioanan animal, beste eskaintzez gainusually a ram or ox, eskaintza nagusi gisawhich would be at the head of the cortege or next to the coffin, animalia bat eramateawould frequently be the main offering, eskuarki aharia edo idia, eta hura segizioaren buruan joaten zen hilkutxaren ondoanalong with other offerings. Leku batzuetan, tenpluan sartzen zenIn certain places, mezako eskaintzan eskainia izatekothe animal would be taken into the church to be offered to the offertory of the mass. Gure garaietatik gertuago, eskuarki atarian edo elizatik gertu lotuta geratzen zenIn the more recent past, eta, gero, berreskuratu egiten zen diru kopuru baten trukethe animal would usually be tied up to the porch or near to the church and would then be redeemed on payment of a sum of money. BatzuetanSometime, nahiz eta animalia ez eraman segizioraeven though the animal was not part of the cortege, haren eskaintza egiten zen hiletan ereit would be offered during the funeral. Hilaren senitartekoen ahalmen ekonomikoaren eta hileta motaren araberakoa izaten zen eskainitako animaliaren kategoriaThe financial standing of the relatives of the deceased and the type of funeral determined whether the type of animal offered was an ox, zeina izaten zen idia, aharia edo arkumearam or lamb. Batzuetan, animalia baten zatiak edo beste okela batzuk ere eskaintzen zirenAnimal parts or other meats were also sometime offered.
Gure inkestetako landa-lanak datu gutxi ematen ditu hiletetan eskainiak izateko animaliak edo okela eramateko antzinako ohitura horri buruzThe field work of our surveys provided little information about this old custom of taking animals or meat to be offered during the obsequies. Herri gutxi batzuetan baino ez ditugu jaso lekukotasun batzukWe only came across isolated accounts from the oldest people surveyed in just a few places and they had heard from other people and, bakanak eta informatzaile edadetuenek emandakoaktherefore, haiek beste pertsona batzuei entzunak eta, horrenbestez, kontakizun lausotuetan oinarrituakhad become rather blurred.
== Lore sortak eta koroak hileta segizioan Floral wreaths and flowers in the funeral cortege ==
Inkesta egindako herrietan jasotako datuek adierazten dute antzina ez zela ohikoa eramatea ez lorerik eta ez koroarik hileta segizioanIt can be seen from the data gathered in the surveyed towns that flowers or wreaths being part of the funeral cortege was not common. Oso zabaldua egon zenBy contrast, aitzitik, hilerrian hilobiak apaintzeko ohiturathe custom of decorating the graves in the cemetery was very widespread. Leku batzuetan egiaztatu da tradizioa antzinakoa dela, baina, kasu horietanThere are places where it was reported that it is an old tradition but, lore basatiak edo etxeko baratzean haziak eramaten zirenin those cases, eta auzokoek eskuz egindako sortakthey took along wild flowers or ones grown from the household’s vegetable gardens and bunches made by the neighbours. Euskal Herri kontinentalean sustraituta egon zen perlaz egindako koroak eramateko ohituraIn the Basque Country falling within France, merkataritzan erosiakthere was the established custom of carrying pearl wreaths bought from a shop. Garai batean, familia aberatsek lore artifizialez osatutako koroak egiten edo alokatzen zituztenThere was also a period when affluent families made or rented wreaths made out of artificial flowers.
Dendetan erositako sortak eta koroak hileta segizioan eramateko ohitura berantiarragoa daThe appearance in the funeral cortege of floral wreathes and bunches of flowers bought from stores was much later. Hirietan hasi zen lehenikIt first began in the cities and, etagradually, pixkanaka, herri txikietara zabaldu zenextended to small locations. Askotan, hileta agentziak hilotzaren garraioari eta lekualdatzeari dagokien guztiaren arduradun gisa ezartzearekin lotuta egon daIt often went hand in hand with the introduction of undertakers who would arrange everything to do with the corpse.
{{DISPLAYTITLE: XIII. ESKAINTZEN ERAMAILEAK SEGIZIOANOFFERING BEARERS IN THE CORTEGE}} {{#bookTitle:Funeral Rites in the Basque Country|Ritos_funerarios_en_vasconia/en}}
