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== The hearth ==
A charcoal cooker, in different forms, was also used for kitchen duties in addition to the hearth. That cooks was called ''sutxiki'' in Bermeo (B). Its use was very widespread until cost-efficient stoves were introduced.
From the third decade of the 20th century, this ground hearth, ''bekosua'', began to be replaced in most homes by the cost-efficient stoves, popularly known as the ''chapa'' or ''txapa ''[the metal sheet]. Fuelled by wood, charcoal, ''egur-ikatza, ''or coal, ''((h)arri-ikatza), ''it meant fuel savings and was much easier to control the heat when cooking. They came with a small oven. Both systems were used side-by-side in many farmhouses for several decades.
From the 1960s onwards, cooking on those fireplace hearths began to fall into disuse with the spread of new fuels and energy systems, such as gas and electricity.
Nowadays, thanks to the development of the food trade, to the proliferation of prepared and frozen food and to the widespread use of refrigerators and freezers at home, we are witnessing a shift towards a greater standardisation of eating habits regardless of the way of life.
{{DISPLAYTITLE: X. PREPARING THE MEALS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD}} {{#bookTitle:Family Diet in the Basque Country|Alimentacion_domestica_en_vasconia/en}}
