Revisión del 12:13 22 feb 2019 (ver código) Admin (discusión | contribuciones) m (Texto reemplazado: «=== [[» por «=== [[#») ← Edición anterior		Revisión actual del 11:10 6 feb 2020 (ver código) Admin (discusión | contribuciones)
(No se muestran 101 ediciones intermedias del mismo usuario)
Línea 2:		Línea 2:
	= HOUSE AND TERRITORY =		= HOUSE AND TERRITORY =
−	== I. [[EL_POBLAMIENTO_EN_VASCONIA/en|THE SETTLEMENT OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY]] ==	+	== I. [[EL_POBLAMIENTO_EN_VASCONIA/en|SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY]] ==
	=== [[#Variacion_latitudinal_en_el_poblamiento|Latitudinal settlement patterns]] ===		=== [[#Variacion_latitudinal_en_el_poblamiento|Latitudinal settlement patterns]] ===
Línea 8:		Línea 8:
	=== [[#Factores_geograficos_e_historicos|Historical and geographical factors]] ===		=== [[#Factores_geograficos_e_historicos|Historical and geographical factors]] ===
−	==== [[#El_caso_de Luzaide_Valcarlos_(N)|The Luzaide/ Valcarlos  (N) case]] ====	+	==== [[#El_caso_de Luzaide_Valcarlos_(N)|The Luzaide/Valcarlos  (N) case]] ====
−	==== [[La_barranca_(N)|La barranca (N)]] ====	+	==== [[#La_barranca_(N)|La barranca (N)]] ====
	=== [[#Poblamiento_disperso|Dispersed settlements]] ===		=== [[#Poblamiento_disperso|Dispersed settlements]] ===
−	==== [[Antecedentes_remotos|Distant past]] ====	+	==== [[#Antecedentes_remotos|Distant past]] ====
	==== [[#Antecedentes_historicos|Historical background]] ====		==== [[#Antecedentes_historicos|Historical background]] ====
−	==== [[Ejemplos_de_poblamiento_disperso|Examples of dispersed settlements]] ====	+	==== [[#Ejemplos_de_poblamiento_disperso|Examples of dispersed settlements]] ====
−	==== [[Creacion_de_nuevos_caserios|Establishing new homesteads]] ====	+	==== [[#Creacion_de_nuevos_caserios|Establishing new homesteads]] ====
	=== [[#Poblamiento_concentrado|Establishing new homesteads]] ===		=== [[#Poblamiento_concentrado|Establishing new homesteads]] ===
Línea 35:		Línea 35:
	=== [[#La_casa_y_su_entorno|The house and its setting]] ===		=== [[#La_casa_y_su_entorno|The house and its setting]] ===
−	==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_suelo|The relationship of the house with the soil]] ====	+	==== [[#La_relacion_de_la_casa_con_el_suelo|Relationship of the house with the soil]] ====
	**Influence of the substrate		**Influence of the substrate
Línea 88:		Línea 88:
	==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_muros_medianiles|Houses separated by party walls]] ====		==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_muros_medianiles|Houses separated by party walls]] ====
−	==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_belenas_arteak_mokarteak|Houses separated by ''belenas'' (run or yard between houses)]] ====	+	==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_belenas_arteak_mokarteak|Houses separated by yards]] ====
−	==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_la_era_o_por_la_rain|Houses separated by bare land used for threshing or la rain]] ====	+	==== [[#Casas_separadas_por_la_era_o_por_la_rain|Houses separated by the threshing floor]] ====
	=== [[#Terreno_contiguo_a_la_casa|Land adjoined to the house]] ===		=== [[#Terreno_contiguo_a_la_casa|Land adjoined to the house]] ===
−	==== [[#El_rain_larraina|''El rain, larraina'']] ====	+	==== [[#El_rain_larraina|The threshing floor]] ====
−	==== [[#Baratza_huerta_o_huerto|''Baratza'', market or vegetable garden]] ====	+	==== [[#Baratza_huerta_o_huerto|Market or vegetable garden]] ====
	 		 
Línea 107:		Línea 107:
	=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_alavesas|Álava house models]] ===		=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_alavesas|Álava house models]] ===
−	==== [[#La_casa_riojano-alavesa_(Moreda_de_Alava)|The typical Rioja-Alavesa House (Moreda de Álava)]] ====	+	==== [[#La_casa_riojano-alavesa_(Moreda_de_Alava)|The typical Rioja-Alavesa house (Moreda de Álava)]] ====
	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Llanada|The typical La Llanada house]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Llanada|The typical La Llanada house]] ====
Línea 113:		Línea 113:
	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Montaña_(Bernedo)|The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Montaña_(Bernedo)|The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)]] ====
−	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Agurain|The typical house of the charter town of Agurain]] ====	+	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_villa_de_Agurain|The typical house in the charter town of Agurain]] ====
	=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_vizcainas|Bizkaia house models]] ===		=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_vizcainas|Bizkaia house models]] ===
Línea 131:		Línea 131:
	=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_guipuzcoanas|Gipuzkoa house models]] ===		=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_guipuzcoanas|Gipuzkoa house models]] ===
−	==== [[#La_casa_del_Goierri_(Ataun)|The typical El Goierri house (Ataun)]] ====	+	==== [[#La_casa_del_Goierri_(Ataun)|The typical Goierri house (Ataun)]] ====
	==== [[#La_casa_de_Beasain|The typical Beasain house]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_de_Beasain|The typical Beasain house]] ====
Línea 143:		Línea 143:
	==== [[#La_casa_de_Urola_Kosta_(Aia)|The typical Urola Kosta house (Aia)]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_de_Urola_Kosta_(Aia)|The typical Urola Kosta house (Aia)]] ====
−	=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_navarras|Navarra house models]] ===	+	=== [[#Modelos_de_casas_navarras|Navarre house models]] ===
	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_vertiente_atlantica_(Bera)|The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_de_la_vertiente_atlantica_(Bera)|The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)]] ====
Línea 149:		Línea 149:
	==== [[#La_casa_pirenaica_(Valle_de_Roncal)|The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_pirenaica_(Valle_de_Roncal)|The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)]] ====
−	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Navarra_Media_(Allo)|The typical Navarra Media house (Allo)]] ====	+	==== [[#La_casa_de_la_Navarra_Media_(Allo)|The typical Mid-Navarre house (Allo)]] ====
	==== [[#La_casa_popular_o_de_arrabal_(Viana)|The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)]] ====		==== [[#La_casa_popular_o_de_arrabal_(Viana)|The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)]] ====
Línea 203:		Línea 203:
	==== [[#El_soporte_de_madera|Timber frame]] ====		==== [[#El_soporte_de_madera|Timber frame]] ====
−	==== [[#La_teja_teila|Roof tile, ''teila'']] ====	+	==== [[#La_teja_teila|The roof tile]] ====
−	**The origin of the roof tiles	+	**The origin of roof tiles
	**The curved tile		**The curved tile
	**The flat tile		**The flat tile
Línea 217:		Línea 217:
	=== [[#Estructura_del_tejado|Roof structure]] ===		=== [[#Estructura_del_tejado|Roof structure]] ===
−	==== [[#Generalidades._Gailurra_kapirioak_latak|General points. ''Gailurra'' (peak), ''kapirioak'' (rafters), ''latak'' (plank)]] ====	+	==== [[#Generalidades._Gailurra_kapirioak_latak|General points]] ====
	==== [[#Estructuras_sustentadas_en_postes|Post-supported structures]] ====		==== [[#Estructuras_sustentadas_en_postes|Post-supported structures]] ====
Línea 225:		Línea 225:
	==== [[#Cañizos_y_bovedas_de_yeso|Thatched and plaster vaults]] ====		==== [[#Cañizos_y_bovedas_de_yeso|Thatched and plaster vaults]] ====
−	=== [[#Los_aleros._Boladua|Eaves. ''Boladua'']] ===	+	=== [[#Los_aleros._Boladua|Eaves]] ===
	=== [[#Salida_al_tejado._La_chimenea|Ways out onto the roof. The chimney]] ===		=== [[#Salida_al_tejado._La_chimenea|Ways out onto the roof. The chimney]] ===
Línea 238:		Línea 238:
	== VI. [[CIMIENTOS_Y_PAREDES/en|FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS]] ==		== VI. [[CIMIENTOS_Y_PAREDES/en|FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS]] ==
−	=== [[#Cimientos_oinarriak|Foundations, ''oinarriak'']] ===	+	=== [[#Cimientos_oinarriak|Foundations]] ===
	==== [[#Cimientos_sobre_sustratos_duros|Foundations on hard substrates]] ====		==== [[#Cimientos_sobre_sustratos_duros|Foundations on hard substrates]] ====
Línea 248:		Línea 248:
	==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion|Construction materials]] ====		==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion|Construction materials]] ====
−	**Stone.	+	**Stone
−	**Timber.	+	**Timber
	**Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth		**Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth
Línea 324:		Línea 324:
	**Bizkaia		**Bizkaia
	**Gipuzkoa		**Gipuzkoa
−	**Navarra	+	**Navarre
	**Northern Basque Country		**Northern Basque Country
Línea 332:		Línea 332:
	**Bizkaia		**Bizkaia
	**Gipuzkoa		**Gipuzkoa
−	**Navarra	+	**Navarre
	**Northern Basque Country		**Northern Basque Country
Línea 349:		Línea 349:
	==== [[#Cierre_de_las_puertas_interiores._Pestillos._Kisketak|Closing inside doors]] ====		==== [[#Cierre_de_las_puertas_interiores._Pestillos._Kisketak|Closing inside doors]] ====
−	==== [[#Cierre_de_las_ventanas._Andavillas_pasadores|Closing windows. Latches, bolts]] ====	+	==== [[#Cierre_de_las_ventanas._Andavillas_pasadores|Closing windows]] ====
	==== [[#Verjas_de_proteccion|Grilles]] ====		==== [[#Verjas_de_proteccion|Grilles]] ====
Línea 358:		Línea 358:
	== VIII. [[DISTRIBUCION_INTERNA_DE_LA_CASA/en|INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE]] ==		== VIII. [[DISTRIBUCION_INTERNA_DE_LA_CASA/en|INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE]] ==
−	=== [[Consideraciones_generales3|General points]] ===	+	=== [[#Consideraciones_generales3|General points]] ===
	=== [[#Casas_de_ambito_rural|Rural houses]] ===		=== [[#Casas_de_ambito_rural|Rural houses]] ===
Línea 370:		Línea 370:
	**Goierri		**Goierri
−	**Alto and Medio Deba	+	**High and Mid-Deba
−	**Oria Medio	+	**Mid-Oria
−	**Donostia and Bajo Bidasoa	+	**Donostia and Lower Bidasoa
	==== [[#Vasconia_continental3|Northern Basque Country]] ====		==== [[#Vasconia_continental3|Northern Basque Country]] ====
Línea 378:		Línea 378:
	==== [[#Alava4|Álava]] ====		==== [[#Alava4|Álava]] ====
−	**Estribaciones del Gorbeia	+	**Surroundings of Gorbeia Mountain
−	**Occidente alavés	+	**West Álava
	**La Llanada		**La Llanada
	**La Montaña		**La Montaña
−	**Rioja alavesa	+	**Rioja Alavesa
−	==== [[#Navarra4|Navarra]] ====	+	==== [[#Navarra4|Navarre]] ====
	**Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña		**Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña
Línea 405:		Línea 405:
	=== [[#Muros_exteriores_fachada|Outside walls. Frontage]] ===		=== [[#Muros_exteriores_fachada|Outside walls. Frontage]] ===
−	==== [[#Fachadas_revocadas_y_con_piedra_a_la_vista|Bare stone and plastered frontages]] ====	+	==== [[#Fachadas_revocadas_y_con_piedra_a_la_vista|Exposed stone and plastered frontages]] ====
−	==== [[#Entramado_de_madera|Timber latticework]] ====	+	==== [[#Entramado_de_madera|Timber trusses]] ====
	==== [[#Ornamentaciones_elaboradas|Elaborate decorations]] ====		==== [[#Ornamentaciones_elaboradas|Elaborate decorations]] ====
Línea 425:		Línea 425:
	==== [[#Verjas_ornamentales|Decorative grilles]] ====		==== [[#Verjas_ornamentales|Decorative grilles]] ====
−	=== [[#Escudos_armarriak|Coat-of-arms]] ===	+	=== [[#Escudos_armarriak|Coats-of-arms]] ===
	=== [[#Inscripciones|Inscriptions]] ===		=== [[#Inscripciones|Inscriptions]] ===
Línea 434:		Línea 434:
	= HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS =		= HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS =
−	== X. [[HOGAR_ALUMBRADO_Y_COCINA/en|FIREPLACE, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN]] ==	+	== X. [[HOGAR_ALUMBRADO_Y_COCINA/en|HEARTH, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN]] ==
	=== [[#Hogar_beheko_sua_supazterra|Fireplace]] ===		=== [[#Hogar_beheko_sua_supazterra|Fireplace]] ===
Línea 463:		Línea 463:
	**Cast-iron plate		**Cast-iron plate
−	***Decorative motifs	+	**Decorative motifs
−	==== [[#El llar_laratza|The hearth]] ====	+	==== [[#El llar_laratza|Hearth]] ====
	==== [[#Chimenea_y_salida_de_humos._Tximinia|Chimney and vent]] ====		==== [[#Chimenea_y_salida_de_humos._Tximinia|Chimney and vent]] ====
Línea 482:		Línea 482:
	==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion_del_horno|Oven construction materials]] ====		==== [[#Materiales_de_construccion_del_horno|Oven construction materials]] ====
−	==== [[Utilizacion_del_horno|Use of the oven]] ====	+	==== [[#Utilizacion_del_horno|Use of the oven]] ====
	=== [[#Alumbrado_de_la_casa_etxeko_argia|House lighting]] ===		=== [[#Alumbrado_de_la_casa_etxeko_argia|House lighting]] ===
Línea 507:		Línea 507:
	 		 
−	== XI. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_DEL_HOGAR_Y_DE_LA_COCINA/en|KITCHEN AND HEARTH FURNITURE AND FIXTURES]] ==	+	== XI. [[EQUIPO_MOBILIAR_DEL_HOGAR_Y_DE_LA_COCINA/en|HEARTH AND KITCHEN FURNITURE AND FIXTURES]] ==
−	=== [[#Enseres_del_hogar|Hearth tools]] ===	+	=== [[#Enseres_del_hogar|Hearth utensils]] ===
	==== [[#Arquetipo_de_dos_localidades|Archetypical of two places]] ====		==== [[#Arquetipo_de_dos_localidades|Archetypical of two places]] ====
Línea 531:		Línea 531:
	**Copper heater		**Copper heater
−	=== [[#Mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Kitchen furniture and furnishings]] ===	+	=== [[#Mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Kitchen furniture]] ===
−	==== [[#Escaño_zizeilu_y_otros_asientos|Seats and other seating]] ====	+	==== [[#Escaño_zizeilu_y_otros_asientos|The armchair and other seating]] ====
	==== [[#Fregadera_harraska|Sink]] ====		==== [[#Fregadera_harraska|Sink]] ====
−	==== [[#Haustegia_cenicero|''Haustegia'', ashtray]] ====	+	==== [[Ash bucket]] ====
	==== [[#Cantarera_edarrategia|Pottery]] ====		==== [[#Cantarera_edarrategia|Pottery]] ====
Línea 547:		Línea 547:
	**Cans		**Cans
−	==== [[#Armarios_alacenas_y_espeteras|Cupboards, cabinets and kitchen rack]] ====	+	==== [[#Armarios_alacenas_y_espeteras|Cupboards, cabinets and racks]] ====
	**Dressers		**Dressers
Línea 555:		Línea 555:
	==== [[#La_fresquera_y_su_evolucion|Pantries and their evolution]] ====		==== [[#La_fresquera_y_su_evolucion|Pantries and their evolution]] ====
−	=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_cocina|Kitchen fittings]] ===	+	=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_cocina|Kitchen furnishings]] ===
	==== [[#Engalanamiento_de_la_chimenea._Tximini-zapia|Decorating the fireplace]] ====		==== [[#Engalanamiento_de_la_chimenea._Tximini-zapia|Decorating the fireplace]] ====
Línea 561:		Línea 561:
	==== [[#Objetos_colocados_en_la_repisa_en_la_campana_o_en_el_hogar._Tximini-uztarria|Items placed on the mantelpiece, on the hood or on the hearth]] ====		==== [[#Objetos_colocados_en_la_repisa_en_la_campana_o_en_el_hogar._Tximini-uztarria|Items placed on the mantelpiece, on the hood or on the hearth]] ====
−	==== [[#Consideraciones_generales_del_ajuar|General points about the fittings]] ====	+	==== [[#Consideraciones_generales_del_ajuar|General points about the goods]] ====
−	==== [[#Descripciones_del_ajuar|Descriptions of the fittings]] ====	+	==== [[#Descripciones_del_ajuar|Descriptions of the furnishings]] ====
	**Northern Basque Country		**Northern Basque Country
Línea 569:		Línea 569:
	**Álava		**Álava
	**Gipuzkoa		**Gipuzkoa
−	**Navarra	+	**Navarre
	==== [[#Fabricacion_artesanal_del_mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Artisan production of the kitchen furniture]] ====		==== [[#Fabricacion_artesanal_del_mobiliario_de_la_cocina|Artisan production of the kitchen furniture]] ====
Línea 603:		Línea 603:
	**Wash stand and basin		**Wash stand and basin
−	==== [[#Cortinas_y_alfombras|Wash stand and basin]] ====	+	==== [[#Cortinas_y_alfombras|Curtains and rugs]] ====
	==== [[#Imagenes_religiosas1|Religious images]] ====		==== [[#Imagenes_religiosas1|Religious images]] ====
Línea 668:		Línea 668:
	= OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE =		= OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE =
−	== XIV. [[ESPACIOS_PARA_LABORES_AGRICOLAS_Y_CONSTRUCCIONES_COMPLEMENTARIAS/en|SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND COMPLEMENTARY BUILDINGS]] ==	+	== XIV. [[ESPACIOS_PARA_LABORES_AGRICOLAS_Y_CONSTRUCCIONES_COMPLEMENTARIAS/en|SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND OUTBUILDINGS]] ==
	=== [[#Espacios_domesticos_para_aperos_productos_y_ganado|Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock]] ===		=== [[#Espacios_domesticos_para_aperos_productos_y_ganado|Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock]] ===
Línea 678:		Línea 678:
	==== [[#Establo_korta_ikuilua|Stable]] ====		==== [[#Establo_korta_ikuilua|Stable]] ====
−	=== [[#Construcciones_complementarias|Complementary buildings]] ===	+	=== [[#Construcciones_complementarias|Outbuildings]] ===
	==== [[#Generalidades1|General points]] ====		==== [[#Generalidades1|General points]] ====
−	==== [[#Cuadras_corrales_descubiertos|Open stalls, pens,]] ====	+	==== [[#Cuadras_corrales_descubiertos|Stalls, pens, enclosures]] ====
−	==== [[#Cabañas_bordas_o_pajares._Lastategia|Huts, cabins or haylofts]] ====	+	==== [[#Cabañas_bordas_o_pajares._Lastategia|Huts, cabins, haylofts]] ====
	==== [[#Chabolas_etxeordeak_tejabanak|Shacks]] ====		==== [[#Chabolas_etxeordeak_tejabanak|Shacks]] ====
Línea 706:		Línea 706:
	==== [[#Refugios_y_cabañas_de_campo._Txabolak|Field shelters and huts]] ====		==== [[#Refugios_y_cabañas_de_campo._Txabolak|Field shelters and huts]] ====
−	=== [[#Apendice_1_corrales_de_campo_en_navarra|Appendix 1: Field pens in Navarra]] ===	+	=== [[#Apendice_1_corrales_de_campo_en_navarra|Appendix 1: Field pens in Navarre]] ===
	=== [[#Apendice_2_horreos_garaiak|Appendix 2: Granaries]] ===		=== [[#Apendice_2_horreos_garaiak|Appendix 2: Granaries]] ===
Línea 723:		Línea 723:
	==== [[#El_tronco_de_Navidad._Gabon-subila|The Christmas log]] ====		==== [[#El_tronco_de_Navidad._Gabon-subila|The Christmas log]] ====
−	==== [[#El_fuego_nuevo_de_Pascua._Su_berria|The new fire at Easter]] ====	+	==== [[#El_fuego_nuevo_de_Pascua._Su_berria|New fire at Easter]] ====
	=== [[#Incorporacion_a_la_casa_de_un_animal_recien_adquirido_etxerako_izan|Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house]] ===		=== [[#Incorporacion_a_la_casa_de_un_animal_recien_adquirido_etxerako_izan|Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house]] ===
Línea 736:		Línea 736:
	=== [[#Bendicion_de_la_casa|Blessing the house]] ===		=== [[#Bendicion_de_la_casa|Blessing the house]] ===
−	=== [[#Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lighting]] ===	+	=== [[#Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lightning]] ===
−	==== [[#El_hacha_con_el_filo_apuntando_a_la_tormenta._Aizkora_ahoaz_gorantza|An axe with the edge pointing to the thunderstorm]] ====	+	==== [[#El_hacha_con_el_filo_apuntando_a_la_tormenta._Aizkora_ahoaz_gorantza|An axe with the sharp edge pointing upwards to the thunderstorm]] ====
	==== [[#Piedras_contra_la_tormenta._Tximistarri|Stones against the thunderstorm]] ====		==== [[#Piedras_contra_la_tormenta._Tximistarri|Stones against the thunderstorm]] ====
−	==== [[#Sanjuan_haritza_el_roble_de_San_Juan|''Sanjuan haritza'', ''St. John's oak'']] ====	+	==== [[#Sanjuan_haritza_el_roble_de_San_Juan|''Sanjuan haritza'', St John's oak]] ====
−	==== [[#Quema_de_hierbas_el_dia_de_San_Juan|Burning herbs on St. John's Day]] ====	+	==== [[#Quema_de_hierbas_el_dia_de_San_Juan|Burning herbs on St John's Day]] ====
	==== [[#Arantza_zuria_espino_albar|''Arantza zuria'',  hawthorn]] ====		==== [[#Arantza_zuria_espino_albar|''Arantza zuria'',  hawthorn]] ====
Línea 756:		Línea 756:
	=== [[#Ritos_religiosos_de_proteccion_de_la_casa|Religious rites to protect the house]] ===		=== [[#Ritos_religiosos_de_proteccion_de_la_casa|Religious rites to protect the house]] ===
−	==== [[#El_agua_bendita_ur_bedeinkatua|Holy Water]] ====	+	==== [[#El_agua_bendita_ur_bedeinkatua|Holy water]] ====
	==== [[#Las_candelas_bendecidas_kandela_bedeinkatua|Blessed candles]] ====		==== [[#Las_candelas_bendecidas_kandela_bedeinkatua|Blessed candles]] ====
Línea 779:		Línea 779:
	==== [[#En_localidades_vascofonas|In Basque-speaking locations]] ====		==== [[#En_localidades_vascofonas|In Basque-speaking locations]] ====
−	**Etxekoak	+	**Household
−	**Family/''sendia''	+	**Family
−	**Senitartekoak/''ahaideak''	+	**Relatives
−	==== [[En_localidades_castellanohablantes|In Spanish-speaking locations]] ====	+	==== [[#En_localidades_castellanohablantes|In Spanish-speaking locations]] ====
	**Family		**Family
Línea 804:		Línea 804:
	==== [[#Nombres_de_pila_mas_usuales|Most common first names]] ====		==== [[#Nombres_de_pila_mas_usuales|Most common first names]] ====
−	==== [[#Como_se_nombran_las_personas|How people are called]] ====	+	==== [[#Como_se_nombran_las_personas|Way of referring to people]] ====
	**Nicknames		**Nicknames
Línea 820:		Línea 820:
	==== [[#Tratamientos|Forms of address]] ====		==== [[#Tratamientos|Forms of address]] ====
−	**Berori/berorika (usted - formal you)	+	**Formal you
−	**Zu/zuka (usted formal you-tú informal you)	+	**Informal you
−	**Hitanoa/hika (colloquial use of informal you)	+	**Colloquial use of informal you
−	**Change to the form of address	+	**Change of the form of address
	**Other forms of address. Lost souls		**Other forms of address. Lost souls
	 		 
−	== XVIII. [[PATRIMONIO_FAMILIAR_Y_SU_TRANSMISION/en|FAMILY ASSETS AND ITS TRANSFER]] ==	+	== XVIII. [[PATRIMONIO_FAMILIAR_Y_SU_TRANSMISION/en|FAMILY ASSETS AND THEIR TRANSFER]] ==
	=== [[#Patrimonio_familiar_ondasunak|Family assets]] ===		=== [[#Patrimonio_familiar_ondasunak|Family assets]] ===
Línea 837:		Línea 837:
	==== [[#Enajenacion_de_los_bienes_troncales|Disposal of the core assets]] ====		==== [[#Enajenacion_de_los_bienes_troncales|Disposal of the core assets]] ====
−	=== [[#Condominio_de_bienes_aportados_al_matrimonio_dana_biona|Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage, ''Dana biona'']] ===	+	=== [[#Condominio_de_bienes_aportados_al_matrimonio_dana_biona|Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage]] ===
	==== [[#Consentimiento_de_la_mujer_para_la_enajenacion_de_bienes|Consent of the wife to dispose of assets]] ====		==== [[#Consentimiento_de_la_mujer_para_la_enajenacion_de_bienes|Consent of the wife to dispose of assets]] ====
Línea 851:		Línea 851:
	==== [[#Transformaciones3|Transformations]] ====		==== [[#Transformaciones3|Transformations]] ====
−	=== [[#Libertad_de_testar_y_troncalidad_en_el_regimen_foral_trongaleko_ondasunak|Freedom to bequeath and core assets in the charter system]] ===	+	=== [[#Libertad_de_testar_y_troncalidad_en_el_regimen_foral_trongaleko_ondasunak|Freedom to bequeath and blood line of inheritance in the charter system]] ===
	==== [[#La_eleccion_del_heredero._Premua_andregaia._Etxegaia|Choice of heir]] ====		==== [[#La_eleccion_del_heredero._Premua_andregaia._Etxegaia|Choice of heir]] ====
Línea 875:		Línea 875:
	=== [[#La_sucesion_de_hijos_naturales_seme_bortak|The inheritance of natural children]] ===		=== [[#La_sucesion_de_hijos_naturales_seme_bortak|The inheritance of natural children]] ===
−	=== [[Testamento_del_tio_sin_hijos|Will of the childless uncle]] ===	+	=== [[#Testamento_del_tio_sin_hijos|Will of the childless uncle]] ===
	=== [[#Testamento_a_favor_de_no_parientes|Legacies to non-relatives]] ===		=== [[#Testamento_a_favor_de_no_parientes|Legacies to non-relatives]] ===
Línea 911:		Línea 911:
	=== [[#Vida_social_de_los_esposos|Social life of the spouses]] ===		=== [[#Vida_social_de_los_esposos|Social life of the spouses]] ===
−	==== [[Vida_social_conjunta|Social life together]] ====	+	==== [[#Vida_social_conjunta|Social life together]] ====
	==== [[#Relaciones_de_las_mujeres_casadas|Relations of the married women]] ====		==== [[#Relaciones_de_las_mujeres_casadas|Relations of the married women]] ====
Línea 927:		Línea 927:
	==== [[#Patria_potestad_y_emancipacion|Parental authority and emancipation]] ====		==== [[#Patria_potestad_y_emancipacion|Parental authority and emancipation]] ====
−	==== [[Signos_de_respeto_hacia_los_mayores|Showing respect to older people]] ====	+	==== [[#Signos_de_respeto_hacia_los_mayores|Showing respect to older people]] ====
	==== [[#Relacion_tio-sobrino|Uncle-nephew relationship]] ====		==== [[#Relacion_tio-sobrino|Uncle-nephew relationship]] ====
Línea 933:		Línea 933:
	=== [[#La_educacion_de_los_ninos|Educating the children]] ===		=== [[#La_educacion_de_los_ninos|Educating the children]] ===
−	==== [[#Papel_principal_de_la_mujer|Main role of the women]] ====	+	==== [[#Papel_principal_de_la_mujer|Main role of women]] ====
	==== [[#Reparto_de_responsabilidades_entre_los_padres|Division of responsibilities between the parents]] ====		==== [[#Reparto_de_responsabilidades_entre_los_padres|Division of responsibilities between the parents]] ====
Línea 964:		Línea 964:
	==== [[#Bienes_y_herencia|Assets and inheritance]] ====		==== [[#Bienes_y_herencia|Assets and inheritance]] ====
−	==== [[Trabajo_de_la_mujer_fuera_de_casa|Women working outside the home]] ====	+	==== [[#Trabajo_de_la_mujer_fuera_de_casa|Women working outside the home]] ====
	==== [[#Solapamiento_de_generaciones_y_estructura_familiar|Generation overlap and family structure]] ====		==== [[#Solapamiento_de_generaciones_y_estructura_familiar|Generation overlap and family structure]] ====
Línea 976:		Línea 976:
	==== [[#Tradicion_oral_educacion_y_escuela|Oral tradition, education and school]] ====		==== [[#Tradicion_oral_educacion_y_escuela|Oral tradition, education and school]] ====
−	==== [[Cambios_de_costumbres|Changes in customs]] ====	+	==== [[#Cambios_de_costumbres|Changes in customs]] ====
	 		 
−	== XX. [[RELACIONES_CON_LA_FAMILIA_Y_LOS_PARIENTES/en|RELATIONS WITH THE FAMILY AND RELATIVES]] ==	+	== XX. [[RELACIONES_CON_LA_FAMILIA_Y_LOS_PARIENTES/en|RELATIONS WITH FAMILY AND RELATIVES]] ==
	=== [[#Relaciones_con_la_familia|Relations with the family]] ===		=== [[#Relaciones_con_la_familia|Relations with the family]] ===
−	==== [[#Intervencion_de_los_padres_de_los_esposos|Intervention of the padres of the spouses]] ====	+	==== [[#Intervencion_de_los_padres_de_los_esposos|Intervention of the parents of the spouses]] ====
	**Rifts		**Rifts
Línea 1005:		Línea 1005:
	==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_bautizos._Apadrinamiento|Order of relatives at baptisms. God-parents]] ====		==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_bautizos._Apadrinamiento|Order of relatives at baptisms. God-parents]] ====
−	==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_cortejos_funebres|Order of relatives in the funeral corteges]] ====	+	==== [[#Orden_de_los_parientes_en_los_cortejos_funebres|Order of relatives in funeral cortèges]] ====
	==== [[#Marcas_de_duelo_y_su_duracion|Signs of mourning and its length]] ====		==== [[#Marcas_de_duelo_y_su_duracion|Signs of mourning and its length]] ====
−	=== [[Recuerdos_historicos_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Historical memories of the house and the family]] ===	+	=== [[#Recuerdos_historicos_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Historical memories of the house and the family]] ===
	==== [[#Recuerdos_de_los_antepasados|Recollections of the ancestors]] ====		==== [[#Recuerdos_de_los_antepasados|Recollections of the ancestors]] ====
−	==== [[Recuerdos_de_casas_singulares_del_vecindario|Memories of unusual houses in the neighbourhood]] ====	+	==== [[#Recuerdos_de_casas_singulares_del_vecindario|Memories of unusual houses in the neighbourhood]] ====
	==== [[#Leyendas_relativas_a_la_casa_y_a_sus_antiguos_moradores|Legends relating to the house and its former dwellers]] ====		==== [[#Leyendas_relativas_a_la_casa_y_a_sus_antiguos_moradores|Legends relating to the house and its former dwellers]] ====
Línea 1021:		Línea 1021:
	==== [[#La_memoria_de_los_antepasados_de_la_casa._Gure_arbasoak|Remembering the ancestors of the house]] ====		==== [[#La_memoria_de_los_antepasados_de_la_casa._Gure_arbasoak|Remembering the ancestors of the house]] ====
−	==== [[Obligaciones_para_con_los_antepasados|Obligations regarding one's ancestors]] ====	+	==== [[#Obligaciones_para_con_los_antepasados|Obligations regarding one's ancestors]] ====
−	==== [[Etxeko_sepulturea._La_sepultura_de_la_casa|The burial place of the homestead]] ====	+	==== [[#Etxeko_sepulturea._La_sepultura_de_la_casa|Family burial place]] ====
	==== [[#Aniversarios|Anniversaries]] ====		==== [[#Aniversarios|Anniversaries]] ====
Línea 1032:		Línea 1032:
	**Alms and offering light		**Alms and offering light
−	==== [[#El_culto_a_los_difuntos_de_la_familia_hoy_dia|Worshipping the family's dead nowadays]] ====	+	==== [[#El_culto_a_los_difuntos_de_la_familia_hoy_dia|Worshipping the family’s dead nowadays]] ====
	=== [[#Recuerdos_de_familia|Family memories]] ===		=== [[#Recuerdos_de_familia|Family memories]] ===
Línea 1051:		Línea 1051:
	=== [[#Honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia_etxearen_ondra|Honour of the  house and of the family]] ===		=== [[#Honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia_etxearen_ondra|Honour of the  house and of the family]] ===
−	==== [[#Sentimiento_del_honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Feeling the honour of the house and of the family]] ====	+	==== [[#Sentimiento_del_honor_de_la_casa_y_de_la_familia|Importance of the honour of the house and of the family]] ====
	==== [[#Solidaridad_entre_parientes|Solidarity between relatives]] ====		==== [[#Solidaridad_entre_parientes|Solidarity between relatives]] ====
Línea 1069:		Línea 1069:
	**Returning to the family home		**Returning to the family home
−	==== [[Cumplimientos_y_visitas._Bisitak|Observance and visits]] ====	+	==== [[#Cumplimientos_y_visitas._Bisitak|Observance and visits]] ====
−	==== [[Querellas_y_reconciliacion._Haserreak_eta_konponketak|Quarrels and reconciliation]] ====	+	==== [[#Querellas_y_reconciliacion._Haserreak_eta_konponketak|Quarrels and reconciliation]] ====
	**Reasons for rifts		**Reasons for rifts
Línea 1078:		Línea 1078:
	**Grievances		**Grievances
−	==== [[#El_Consejo_de_Familia._Biltzea|The Family Council]] ====	+	==== [[#El_Consejo_de_Familia._Biltzea|Family Council]] ====
−	=== [[Efectos_del_parentesco|Effects of the kinship]] ===	+	=== [[#Efectos_del_parentesco|Effects of the kinship]] ===
−	==== [[Hospitalidad|Hospitality]] ====	+	==== [[#Hospitalidad|Hospitality]] ====
	**Ordinary visits		**Ordinary visits
Línea 1107:		Línea 1107:
	==== [[#Contratacion_de_artesanos._Arotzak_harginak|Contracting craftspeople]] ====		==== [[#Contratacion_de_artesanos._Arotzak_harginak|Contracting craftspeople]] ====
−	{{#bookTitle:House and Family in Vasconia | Casa_y_familia_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}	+	{{#bookTitle:House and Family in the Basque Country | Casa_y_familia_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}

---

Revisión actual del 11:10 6 feb 2020

HOUSE AND TERRITORY

I. SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY

Latitudinal settlement patterns

Historical and geographical factors

The Luzaide/Valcarlos (N) case

La barranca (N)

Dispersed settlements

Distant past

Historical background

Examples of dispersed settlements

Establishing new homesteads

Establishing new homesteads

Background

Examples of concentrated settlement

Growth of the current settlements

 

II. RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOUSE WITH THE SOIL, CLIMATE AND ACTIVITY

The house and its setting

Relationship of the house with the soil

• • Influence of the substrate
  • Presence of water in the subsoil
  • Use of the soil materials
  • Influence of the terrain

The relationship of the house with the climate

• • Walls, openings and orientation
  • The roof and adjoining buildings
  • The southern area with lower rainfall
  • Examples and current situation

The house and the activity of its dwellers

Agriculture

Commercial

Current adaptations

Appendix: Influence of the production on the types of homesteads

 

III. NAME, ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF THE HOUSES

Definition of the house concept and names

Name of the house

Name, surname and nickname of the owner

Trade and activity of the owner

Place name

Neighbouring houses in concentrated settlement

Orientation of the house

East facing

South facing

Orientation in concentrated settlements

Houses and lands in mixed and disperse settlements

Location of houses in concentrated arrangements

Houses separated by party walls

Houses separated by yards

Houses separated by the threshing floor

Land adjoined to the house

The threshing floor

Market or vegetable garden

 

STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE

IV. REGIONAL HOUSE MODELS

General points

Álava house models

The typical Rioja-Alavesa house (Moreda de Álava)

The typical La Llanada house

The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)

The typical house in the charter town of Agurain

Bizkaia house models

The typical house of Las Encartaciones (Carranza Valley)

The typical Busturialdea house (Gautegiz-Arteaga)

The typical house of El Duranguesado (Abadiño)

The typical house of the Arratia Valley and Estribaciones del Gorbeia (Zeanuri)

The typical house of Durango old town

The typical house of the charter town of Gernika-Lumo

Gipuzkoa house models

The typical Goierri house (Ataun)

The typical Beasain house

The typical Zerain house

The Alto Deba house (Elosua)

The typical Bajo Deba house (Elgoibar)

The typical Urola Kosta house (Aia)

Navarre house models

The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)

The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)

The typical Mid-Navarre house (Allo)

The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)

The typical Valdorba house

The typical Ribera del Ebro house (Valtierra)

Cave houses (La Ribera)

Northern Basque Country house models

The typical Lapurdi house (Sara)

The typical Ainhoa house (L)

The typical Amikuze house (Huarte-Hiri-BN)

The typical Arberoa house (Donoztiri-BN)

The typical Heleta house (BN)

The typical Zuberoa house (Liginaga)

Fishermen's houses

Appendix: Secular transition of houses in the Northern Basque Country

 

V. ROOFING

Connecting the frontage and the roof

Types of roof

Roof pitch

• • Historical evolution of roofing in Roncesvalles (N)

Shape and number of slopes

• • The climate factor
  • Grouped houses
  • The shape of the dwelling
  • Relationship between the number of slopes and the status
  • Different reasons
  • Geographical distribution of the number of slopes

Appendix 1: Relationship between the roof and climate and economic aspects

Roofing materials

Timber frame

The roof tile

• • The origin of roof tiles
  • The curved tile
  • The flat tile

Wooden roof: shingles

Stone roof: slates

New materials

Roof structure

General points

Post-supported structures

Shear beam structures

Thatched and plaster vaults

Eaves

Ways out onto the roof. The chimney

Transformations

Appendix 2: Different slopes for houses with rectangular floor plan

Appendix 3: Chimney, fuel and climate

 

VI. FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS

Foundations

Foundations on hard substrates

Foundations on less solid substrates

Outside walls

Construction materials

• • Stone
  • Timber
  • Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth

Walls with timber latticework

Masonry walls

Mortar

Construction of the walls

Plastering of the walls

Walls today

Caves

Timber internal structure

Widespread use of timber

Types of timber

Bench base

Structure

Inside walls and partitions

Floors

Floor in the entrance and stable

Floor in the dwelling

Stairs

Indoor stairs

Outdoor stairs

Urban dwelling stairs

Roofs

Plank roofs

Vault roofs

Origin of the construction materials

Stone

Lime and plaster

Timber

Roof tiles, bricks and adobe

New materials

 

VII. DOORS AND WINDOWS

Orientation of the house openings

Arrangement of the openings on the frontage

Openings

Main door

• • Álava
  • Bizkaia
  • Gipuzkoa
  • Navarre
  • Northern Basque Country

Windows

• • Álava
  • Bizkaia
  • Gipuzkoa
  • Navarre
  • Northern Basque Country

Balconies

Inside doors

Door and window closing mechanisms

Closing the main or entrance door

• • Bars
  • Latches
  • Other locks

Closing inside doors

Closing windows

Grilles

Recent transformations

 

VIII. INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE

General points

Rural houses

Bizkaia

• • Livestock homesteads. Encartaciones and Arratia-Orozko
  • Agricultural homesteads. Uribe, Busturialdea and Durangaldea

Gipuzkoa

• • Goierri
  • High and Mid-Deba
  • Mid-Oria
  • Donostia and Lower Bidasoa

Northern Basque Country

Álava

• • Surroundings of Gorbeia Mountain
  • West Álava
  • La Llanada
  • La Montaña
  • Rioja Alavesa

Navarre

• • Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña
  • Southern Sub-Pyrenean area. Mid zone.
  • Southern zone. La Ribera

Fishermen's dwellings

Urban dwellings

Modern houses

Appendix: Mansions. Palaces

 

IX. HOUSE DECORATION

General points

Outside walls. Frontage

Exposed stone and plastered frontages

Timber trusses

Elaborate decorations

Plant decorations

Roofing

Eaves

Doors and windows

Ironwork

Carvings on lintels

Decorative grilles

Coats-of-arms

Inscriptions

Interior decoration

 

HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS

X. HEARTH, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN

Fireplace

Names

Location of the fireplace

• • Central fireplace
  • Side fireplace
  • Description

Fuel used in the fireplace

• • Most common fuels
  • Mediterranean side of the watershed

Lighting or rekindling the fire

• • The flint. New lighting systems
  • Rekindling fire
  • Initially stocking the fire

Types of firewood

Base and back of the stove

• • Cast-iron plate

• • Decorative motifs

Hearth

Chimney and vent

• • Low heat chimney
  • Energy-saving stove chimney
  • Cleaning the chimney

Bread oven

Oven location and type

• • Ovens in the kitchen or attached to the house
  • Exempted ovens

Oven construction materials

Use of the oven

House lighting

Old lighting systems

Oil lamp

Candles

Petrol lamp

Carbide lamp

Electric light

Kitchen

Hob

Energy-saving stove and subsequent transitions

The kitchen, the centre of family life

 

XI. HEARTH AND KITCHEN FURNITURE AND FIXTURES

Hearth utensils

Archetypical of two places

• • Beasain (G)
  • Sangüesa (N)

Names and description

• • Firedogs
  • Pincers
  • Tongs
  • Stove shovel
  • Trivet
  • Drum
  • Griddle
  • Spits
  • Ash shovel
  • Bellows
  • Boilers
  • Copper heater

Kitchen furniture

The armchair and other seating

Sink

Ash bucket

Pottery

Tables and other items

• • Tables
  • Troughs
  • Cans

Cupboards, cabinets and racks

• • Dressers
  • Plate rack
  • Kitchen rack

Pantries and their evolution

Kitchen furnishings

Decorating the fireplace

Items placed on the mantelpiece, on the hood or on the hearth

General points about the goods

Descriptions of the furnishings

• • Northern Basque Country
  • Bizkaia
  • Álava
  • Gipuzkoa
  • Navarre

Artisan production of the kitchen furniture

• • Domestic production
  • Non-domestic production

Transitions in the household furniture and fittings

 

XII. FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: LIVING ROOM, BEDROOMS AND PERSONAL HYGIENE

Living room or dining room fittings

Furniture

Religious images

Family photographs on display

Bedroom fittings

The bedroom as a room

General points

Beds

Trunks, chests of drawers and wardrobes

Occasional furniture

• • Wash stand and basin

Curtains and rugs

Religious images

• • Crucifix
  • Religious paintings or laminates
  • Photographs
  • Holy water font

Washing facilities and fittings

Outhouse or toilet

Washing facilities

Transitions of the bathroom and its fittings

Musical instruments. Radio, television and new technologies

Musical instruments

Radio, television and new technologies

 

XIII. CLEANING THE HOUSE, CLOTHES AND DISHES

Cleaning the house

Cleaning the house, thoroughly

• • Cleaning products and utensils
  • Daily and weekly cleaning
  • Spring-cleaning and cleaning on set dates
  • Insect extermination

Cleaning floors

• • Sweeping
  • Mopping and sandblasting
  • Waxing

Whitewashing and painting frontages and inside

Washing clothes

Washing clothes in the river or in the public washhouse

Laundresses or washerwomen

The laundry

• • Names
  • Transitions

Drying and ironing the clothes

Hanging out the clothes at home

Washing dishes

Washers and dishwashers

 

OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE

XIV. SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND OUTBUILDINGS

Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock

Porch and carriage porch

Attic or loft

Stable

Outbuildings

General points

Stalls, pens, enclosures

Huts, cabins, haylofts

Shacks

Dung storage

Chicken house

Pigsty

Shelter for sheep

Beehives

Domestic animals that guard the house

Lakes and cellars

Wells

Field shelters and huts

Appendix 1: Field pens in Navarre

Appendix 2: Granaries

Appendix 3: Charcoal maker shacks

 

DOMESTIC BELIEFS AND RITES

XV. RITES AROUND THE HOUSEHOLD FIRE

The embers of the hearth

Lighting the hearth on set days

The Christmas log

New fire at Easter

Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house

 

XVI. SYMBOLS TO PROTECT THE HOUSE

Rites when starting to build the house

Rites when finishing the roof

Blessing the house

Rites against thunderstorms and lightning

An axe with the sharp edge pointing upwards to the thunderstorm

Stones against the thunderstorm

Sanjuan haritza, St John's oak

Burning herbs on St John's Day

Arantza zuria, hawthorn

Blessed bay leaves

Burning the blessed bay leaves

Eguzki-lorea, thistle flower

Religious rites to protect the house

Holy water

Blessed candles

Praying to Saint Barbara

Spells. Chimes

Religious symbols and images

Crosses

Sacred Heart plaques

 

FAMILY

XVII. FAMILY AND KINSHIP

Family. Kinship. Parentage

In Basque-speaking locations

• • Household
  • Family
  • Relatives

In Spanish-speaking locations

• • Family
  • Kinship
  • Parentage
  • Other relations

Extended family community

Names and degree of kinship

Basque categories

Spanish categories

Family names

Family name or surname

Most common first names

Way of referring to people

• • Nicknames

A married woman's surname

Names and forms of address between relatives

By children to parents

Between spouses

By parents to children

Forms of address

• • Formal you
  • Informal you
  • Colloquial use of informal you
  • Change of the form of address
  • Other forms of address. Lost souls

 

XVIII. FAMILY ASSETS AND THEIR TRANSFER

Family assets

Family assets concept

Safeguarding and indivisum of the family assets

Disposal of the core assets

Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage

Consent of the wife to dispose of assets

Transitions

Marital property agreements or settlements

Marital property agreements

Marital settlements

Transformations

Freedom to bequeath and blood line of inheritance in the charter system

Choice of heir

Cohabitation of young and older married couples

The heir and other children

Joint will

Wills in territory of the common law system

Hereditary system

Cohabitation of young and older married couples

The heir and other children

Situation of the surviving spouse

Intestate inheritance

The inheritance of natural children

Will of the childless uncle

Legacies to non-relatives

 

XIX. LIFE AND DUTIES OF THE SPOUSES

Communal life of the spouses

Communal life in the workplace

Communal life on official holidays

Seating arrangement of the wife at the table

Duties and occupations of the husband and the wife

Duties and occupations of the husband

Duties and occupations of the wife

Authority in the marital partnership

Nearly equal rights

How the husband is called by the wife

Marital rifts

• • Causes of the rifts or disagreements
  • Marital separations

Civility and etiquette

Social life of the spouses

Social life together

Relations of the married women

Relations of the married men

Current situation

Authority of parents over the children

Shared authority or nearly absolute authority

Transfer of the authority

Parental authority and emancipation

Showing respect to older people

Uncle-nephew relationship

Educating the children

Main role of women

Division of responsibilities between the parents

Setting up personal wherewithal

Role of the woman in the passing on of values and beliefs

Role of the man in passing on the cultural heritage

Adoption

Frequency and names

General points

Reasons

• • Replacing a dead child
  • Economic grounds or charitable reasons
  • Childless couples
  • Fostering

Adopting relatives

Changes in the family and to customs

Decline in farming activity

Assets and inheritance

Women working outside the home

Generation overlap and family structure

Relations between parents and children Parental authority

Rites of passage nowadays

Religious belief today

Oral tradition, education and school

Changes in customs

 

XX. RELATIONS WITH FAMILY AND RELATIVES

Relations with the family

Intervention of the parents of the spouses

• • Rifts

Treatment and care of the in-laws

Relations of the spouses with their families of origin

Gatherings of relatives

Calendar of festivities

Gatherings to mark rites of passage

• • Funeral ceremonies

Order of relatives at the ceremonies

Order of relatives at weddings

Order of relatives at baptisms. God-parents

Order of relatives in funeral cortèges

Signs of mourning and its length

Historical memories of the house and the family

Recollections of the ancestors

Memories of unusual houses in the neighbourhood

Legends relating to the house and its former dwellers

• • The oldest local house

Remembering the ancestors of the house

Obligations regarding one's ancestors

Family burial place

Anniversaries

Offerings

• • Bread offerings
  • Alms and offering light

Worshipping the family’s dead nowadays

Family memories

Photographs and diplomas

Clothes, crockery and belongings

Significant items and garments

• • Jewels

Funeral and religious items

 

XXI. FAMILY HONOUR

Honour of the house and of the family

Importance of the honour of the house and of the family

Solidarity between relatives

• • Agricultural jobs and urgent work
  • Misfortune, serious illness or death
  • Orphanhood
  • Financial help

Rich relatives and poor relatives

• • Providing help
  • Indifference

Relatives who emigrated

• • Returning to the family home

Observance and visits

Quarrels and reconciliation

• • Reasons for rifts
  • Consequences of the rifts
  • Settling the rifts
  • Grievances

Family Council

Effects of the kinship

Hospitality

• • Ordinary visits
  • Patron saint festivities and Christmas
  • Studies

Settling debts

Value of evidence between parents

Status of the elderly and ill

• • Transitions

Servants

• • Relations between masters and servants
  • Contracting servants

Maids

Contracting temporary workers

Contracting craftspeople