Diferencia entre revisiones de «JUEGOS DE LANZAMIENTO/en»

Revisión actual del 12:24 8 jul 2019

Otros idiomas:

This chapter includes all those games where throwing an object is an essential part. Those games are organised according to the type of object that is thrown or the material of which it is made. Thus, different entertainment related to throwing stones are first included; along with the well-known "Tapulero", when clay is used to make the bowl for the game; and a widespread and varied game that had many different names, some of which are “Al calderón”, “Al pilocho” and "Txirikilan”, which involves the participants throwing a stick with a sharp point with the help of a longer one.

The next group consists of the games when a small object is thrown: acorns, seeds, marbles, coins, matchbox lids, cards and bottle tops. Those games are also grouped according to the material used: however, regardless of the type of object, the different modalities are common to all of them. The only difference between the games using acorns, seeds and marbles are the objects used, as they changed throughout the 20th century but the games remained practically the same. Even the marbles have evolved in terms of the materials used and the modern ones are now made of glass. These are followed by the games using bottle tops, which are very different from the above ones. Then there are those related to throwing balls and, finally, a game that was very popular in the past which consisted of throwing up an empty can using the inflammable properties of the gas given off by the damp carbide.

It will be noticed in this chapter that two groups of games are missing: bowls and Basque pelota. The reason is that their rules are usually similar to the modalities played by adults and will consequently be considered in the volume on the games of the latter. The bowls played by children have certain specific characteristics, such as using smaller and lower quality bowls and which are sometimes improvised. The most widespread Basque pelota game is the one commonly known as “A primis” or “Primika”. Basically, it consists of the child managing to have reached the final single-handedly as they not have committed a single fault when returning the ball, after having managed to eliminate all their opponents, and the child obtains a primi or life that allows them to commit an error in the following match without having to stop the game.

Given its interest, we should mention the game called “Botülüzea”^[1] found in Altzai (Ip) that seems to have played for a very long time and is the forerunner of other Basque pelota games. Cursorily, the way of playing the game, as has been established, is as follows: The court could be the town square and a flat field, soro ordokian. There are usually two people on each team, biga eta biga, up to a maximum of five per team. In each field, there was a flat stone to bounce the ball on when serving. It was sometimes wrapped in a cloth, ohialez. The game was played in a similar way to tennis, but hitting the ball with their hand. The person serving had two opportunities to do so, in other word, if there was a fault in their first attempt, it was not bad, lehena gaixtoari. The game was played to 25 or 30 points. Typical expressions used on the Basque pelota court were: “jo!” (hit it), “hire” (yours), “eni” (mine) and “paso” (pass). After the team won the match, the opponents had the opportunity of arrabaja (rematch) and in the case of a draw the playoff, lilia, was played.

Those games using balls are not included, if as they are sports, they are governed by universally accepted rules; even though some of them, such as football, have been widely played by children right from the start.

↑ A more extensive description of this game can be found, among other publications, in E. BLAZY. La Pelote Basque. Bayonne: 1921, pp. 186-190.

[1] A more extensive description of this game can be found, among other publications, in E. BLAZY. La Pelote Basque. Bayonne: 1921, pp. 186-190.

[1]

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-El siguiente grupo está constituido por juegos en los que se arroja un pequeño objeto: agallas de roble, semillas, canicas, monedas, tapas de cajas de cerillas, cromos o chapas. Estos juegos también se agrupan en función del material empleado; sin embargo, independientemente del tipo de objeto las distintas modalidades son comunes a todos ellos. Entre los juegos realizados con agallas, semillas y canicas no existe más diferencia que la de los elementos con los que se juega, ya que los mismos han ido variando a lo largo del siglo sin que los juegos que se practican con ellos se hayan modificado sustancialmente. Incluso las propias canicas han experimentado una evolución en lo referente a los materiales hasta llegar a las modernas de cristal.
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
-A continuación se recogen los juegos practicados con chapas de botellas, que difieren claramente de los anteriores. Después los relacionados con el lanzamiento de balones y por último uno muy conocido en tiempos pasados consistente en lanzar por los aires un bote de conservas vacío aprovechando las propiedades inflamables del gas desprendido por el carburo humedecido.
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
-En este capítulo se notará la falta de dos grupos de juegos: los de bolos y los practicados en el frontón. La razón es que las reglas que los rigen suelen ser similares a las de las modalidades practicadas por los adultos y por consiguiente se tratarán en el volumen dedicado a los juegos de estos últimos. Los juegos de bolos practicados por los niños muestran a menudo ciertas peculiaridades como es el jugar con bolas y bolos de menor tamaño y calidad y a veces improvisados. Entre los juegos de frontón el más extendido es el conocido comúnmente como «A primis» o ''«Primika». ''Básicamente consiste en que el niño que consigue llegar al final en solitario por no haber cometido ningún fallo al devolver la pelota, tras haber resultado eliminados todos sus contrincantes, obtiene un ''primi ''o ''vida ''que le permite cometer un error en la siguiente partida sin que por ello tenga que abandonar el juego.
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
-Por su interés hacemos mención al juego denominado «''Botülüzea''»<ref>Para una descripción más amplia de este juego puede consultarse, entre otras publicaciones, la de E. BLAZY. ''La Pelote Basque''. Bayonne, 1921, pp. 186-190.</ref> constatado en Altzai (Ip) que al parecer muestra gran antigüedad y se trata de un precedente de otros juegos de frontón. Someramente descrita la práctica del juego, tal como se ha recogido, es la siguiente: El terreno de juego podía ser tanto la plaza del pueblo como una pradera llana, ''soro ordokian. ''Competían de ordinario dos contra dos, ''biga eta biga, ''hasta un máximo de cinco por equipo. En cada campo había una piedra plana para botar la pelota en el momento del saque. A veces se envolvía con un trapo, ''ohialez. ''El desarrollo del juego era similar al del tenis, pero golpeando la pelota con la mano. El que realizaba el saque contaba con dos oportunidades para ello, es decir, que si fallaba en su primer intento no era mala, ''lehena gaixtoari''. Se jugaba a 25 ó 30 puntos. Se empleaban expresiones clásicas en los juegos de frontón como: «''Jo!''» (dale), «''hire''» (tuya), «''eni''» (mía) y «''paso''». El equipo que ganaba hacía ''partida, ''los adversarios tenían la oportunidad de ''arrabanja ''(revancha) y en caso de empate se jugaba la partida decisiva, ''lilia''.
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
-Tampoco se incluyen aquellos juegos en los que se emplean pelotas o balones, pero que al constituir actividades deportivas, su desarrollo está reglado por normas aceptadas universalmente; aunque algunos de ellos, como el fútbol, han sido ampliamente practicados por los niños desde su implantación.
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
-<div class="subindice">
-Apartados:
-=== [[Lanzamiento_de_piedras|Lanzamiento de piedras]] ===
-=== [[Juegos_con_arcilla_tapulero|Juegos con arcilla: tapulero]] ===
-=== [[Lanzamiento_de_palos_el_calderon_pilocho_o_irulario._Txirikilan|Lanzamiento de palos: el calderón, pilocho o irulario. Txirikilan]] ===
-=== [[Juegos_con_agallas_de_roble_semillas_y_canicas|Juegos con agallas de roble, semillas y canicas]] ===
-=== [[Lanzamiento_de_monedas|Lanzamiento de monedas]] ===
-=== [[Lanzamiento_de_tapas_de_cajas_de_cerillas_cromos_y_cartetas|Lanzamiento de tapas de cajas de cerillas, cromos y cartetas]] ===
-=== [[Lanzamiento_de_chapas_metalicas_tacos_de_goma_o_piedras|Lanzamiento de chapas metálicas, tacos de goma o piedras]] ===
-=== [[Juegos_con_chapas_de_botellas|Juegos con chapas de botellas]] ===
-=== [[Lanzamiento_de_pelotas|Lanzamiento de pelotas]] ===
-=== [[Lanzamiento_del_bote_de_carburo._Karburo-tiroak|Lanzamiento del bote de carburo. Karburo-tiroak]] ===
-</div>
-{{#bookTitle:Children’s Games in the Basque Country|Juegos_infantiles_en_vasconia/en}}
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
+<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div>
+This chapter includes all those games where throwing an object is an essential part. Those games are organised according to the type of object that is thrown or the material of which it is made. Thus, different entertainment related to throwing stones are first included; along with the well-known "''Tapulero''", when clay is used to make the bowl for the game; and a widespread and varied game that had many different names, some of which are “''Al calderón”, “Al pilocho”'' and ''"Txirikilan”'', which involves the participants throwing a stick with a sharp point with the help of a longer one.
+The next group consists of the games when a small object is thrown: acorns, seeds, marbles, coins, matchbox lids, cards and bottle tops. Those games are also grouped according to the material used: however, regardless of the type of object, the different modalities are common to all of them. The only difference between the games using acorns, seeds and marbles are the objects used, as they changed throughout the 20th century but the games remained practically the same. Even the marbles have evolved in terms of the materials used and the modern ones are now made of glass. These are followed by the games using bottle tops, which are very different from the above ones. Then there are those related to throwing balls and, finally, a game that was very popular in the past which consisted of throwing up an empty can using the inflammable properties of the gas given off by the damp carbide.
+It will be noticed in this chapter that two groups of games are missing: bowls and Basque pelota. The reason is that their rules are usually similar to the modalities played by adults and will consequently be considered in the volume on the games of the latter. The bowls played by children have certain specific characteristics, such as using smaller and lower quality bowls and which are sometimes improvised. The most widespread Basque pelota game is the one commonly known as “A primis” or “''Primika''”. Basically, it consists of the child managing to have reached the final single-handedly as they not have committed a single fault when returning the ball, after having managed to eliminate all their opponents, and the child obtains a ''primi ''or ''life ''that allows them to commit an error in the following match without having to stop the game.
+Given its interest, we should mention the game called “''Botülüzea''”<ref>A more extensive description of this game can be found, among other publications, in E. BLAZY. ''La Pelote Basque. ''Bayonne: 1921, pp. 186-190.</ref> found in Altzai (Ip) that seems to have played for a very long time and is the forerunner of other Basque pelota games. Cursorily, the way of playing the game, as has been established, is as follows: The court could be the town square and a flat field, ''soro ordokian.'' There are usually two people on each team, ''biga eta biga, ''up to a maximum of five per team. In each field, there was a flat stone to bounce the ball on when serving. It was sometimes wrapped in a cloth, ''ohialez''. The game was played in a similar way to tennis, but hitting the ball with their hand. The person serving had two opportunities to do so, in other word, if there was a fault in their first attempt, it was not bad, ''lehena gaixtoari.'' The game was played to 25 or 30 points. Typical expressions used on the Basque pelota court were: “''jo''!” (hit it), “''hire''” (yours), “''eni''” (mine) and “''paso''” (pass). After the team won the match, the opponents had the opportunity of ''arrabaja ''(rematch) and in the case of a draw the playoff, ''lilia'', was played.
+Those games using balls are not included, if as they are sports, they are governed by universally accepted rules; even though some of them, such as football, have been widely played by children right from the start.
+{{DISPLAYTITLE: IX. THROWING GAMES}} {{#bookTitle:Children’s Games in the Basque Country|Juegos_infantiles_en_vasconia/en}}