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De Atlas Etnográfico de Vasconia
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====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastando-en-Eneabe-Zeanuri-1996.jpg|Grazing in Eneabe. Zeanuri (B), 1996. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Two millennia ago Pliny distinguished Vasconum saltus, humid and wooded, from Vasconum ager, with its grain fields and vineyards. That distinction still remains today, with regard to livestock farming.|]==== | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastando-en-Eneabe-Zeanuri-1996.jpg|Grazing in Eneabe. Zeanuri (B), 1996. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Two millennia ago Pliny distinguished Vasconum saltus, humid and wooded, from Vasconum ager, with its grain fields and vineyards. That distinction still remains today, with regard to livestock farming.|]==== | ||
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-de-Lanciego-subiendo-a-Tolono-1996.jpg| | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-de-Lanciego-subiendo-a-Tolono-1996.jpg|Shepherd from Lanciego (A) on the climb to Toloño, 1996. Source: José Ángel Chasco, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The Mediterranean watershed of the Basque Country was, and to a large extent is, characterized by the importance of the commons, the communal character of their exploitation by associations and brotherhoods comprising multiple municipalities still persisting today.||ENLACE]==== |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Establo-de-ovejas-moderno-Izurtza-2000.jpg| | + | |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Oveja-negra-en-el-rebano-Meaga-Getaria.jpg| | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Establo-de-ovejas-moderno-Izurtza-2000.jpg|Modern stable for sheep. Izurtza (B), 2000. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|The transformations that have taken place in the last few decades have fundamentally changed the world of livestock farming: no longer a way of life, it is now an economic activity.||ENLACE]==== |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Cabras-con-cencerros-Anboto-1999.jpg| | + | |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-con-kapusai-Eriete-1959.jpg| | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Oveja-negra-en-el-rebano-Meaga-Getaria.jpg|Black sheep in the flock. Meaga, Getaria (G). Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|A black animal, and particularly a billy goat, was considered to protect the herd, flock or barn throughout the area surveyed.||ENLACE]==== |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Bendicion-del-rebano-antes-de-la-partida.jpg| | + | |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Esquilando-ovejas-por-el-sistema-tradicional-Carranza-1998.jpg| | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Cabras-con-cencerros-Anboto-1999.jpg|Goats wearing bells. Anboto (B), 1999. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: José Ignacio García Muñoz.|Cowbells, in the same way as chimes, have been attributed with the power to protect the livestock from spells. Their use to protect against the evil eye, begizkoa, was very widespread in the past.||ENLACE]==== |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Subida-al-monte-Aia-1998.jpg| | + | |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Dolmen-de-Gaxteenia-Mendibe-1980.jpg|Dolmen | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-con-kapusai-Eriete-1959.jpg|Shepherd wearing a cape. Eriete (N), 1959. Source: Archive of the Museum of Navarre: Nicolás Ardanaz Collection.|Nolako artzaina, halako artaldea. <br />''Every animal ends up looking like their master.''||ENLACE]==== |
− | J. M. Barandiaran||ENLACE]==== | + | |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastos-en-Carranza-2009.jpg| | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Bendicion-del-rebano-antes-de-la-partida.jpg|Blessing of the flock before departure. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Artaldearentzat artzain guti hobe ainitz baino. <br />''Too many cooks spoil the broth.''||ENLACE]==== |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Vacas-en-prados-comunales-Carranza-2007.jpg| | + | |
− | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-y-espaldero-Canada-de-los-Roncaleses-1996.jpg| | + | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Esquilando-ovejas-por-el-sistema-tradicional-Carranza-1998.jpg|Traditional sheep shearing. Carranza (B), 1998. Source: Miguel Sabino Díaz, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Grullas p’arriba, pastor buena vida, <br />Grullas p’abajo, pastor más trabajo.<br /><br />''When cranes fly north, life is easier for shepherds, <br />when they fly south, work is harder for shepherds.''||ENLACE]==== |
+ | |||
+ | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Subida-al-monte-Aia-1998.jpg|Climb to the mountain. Aia (G), 1998. Source: Antxon Aguirre, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|At the end of the Middle Ages, flocks in the Basque valleys converged on the same mountains that are now the main summer grassland used for grazing.||ENLACE]==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Dolmen-de-Gaxteenia-Mendibe-1980.jpg|Dolmen of Gaxteenia. Mendibe (NB), 1980. Source: Blot, Jacques. Artzainak. Les bergers basques. Los pastores vascos. Donostia: Elkar, 1984.|“The axial zone of the Basque Pyrenees retains underneath a maze of folds traits of a time-honoured culture.” <br />''J. M. Barandiaran''||ENLACE]==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastos-en-Carranza-2009.jpg|Grassy pastures in Carranza (B), 2009. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The priority of the right of herds to cross arable land is expressed in the sentence: ''soroak zor dio larreari'' ‘arable land is indebted to grassland’.||ENLACE]==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Vacas-en-prados-comunales-Carranza-2007.jpg|Cattle on common pastures. Carranza (B), 2007. Source: Luis Manuel Peña, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|Communities in areas where livestock has been the fundamental basis of their way of life consider Saint Anthony Abbot as the main protector of the health and fertility of the animals.||ENLACE]==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[/atlas/ganaderia/Pastor-y-espaldero-Canada-de-los-Roncaleses-1996.jpg|Herder and dog. Droveway of the Roncalese (N), 1996. Source: Iñaki San Miguel, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.|The introduction of sheepdogs meant they replaced the zagales, young children who had been in charge of herding the flock up to then.||ENLACE]==== | ||
Revisión del 12:44 27 ene 2020
Heir of the family. Zeanuri (B), c. 1920. Source: Labayru Fundazioa Photograhic Archive: Felipe Manterola Collection.
House and Family in the Basque Country
House and Family in the Basque Country
The widespread practice in the territories under charter law was for one of the children, either male or female, to continue with the family tradition of keeping up the farmstead and its belongings.
Family Diet in the Basque Country
Family Diet in the Basque Country
Odolosteak ordeaz. Neighbours and relatives are given black puddings and other pork cuts as a gift at pig slaughter time. It is an act of courtesy, an expression of the close bond shared with them, and part of an established exchange ritual.
Children’s Games in the Basque Country
Children’s Games in the Basque Country
Sirrin-sarran, domini pan, zure semea errotan, errota txiki, errota handi, eragin deutso, pin-pan.Children’s chant
Traditional Medicine in the Basque Country
Traditional Medicine in the Basque Country
Zantiratu, zan urrutu, zana bere lekuan sartu.Spell against sprains
Rites from Birth to Marriage in the Basque Country
Rites from Birth to Marriage in the Basque Country
The transfer of the chattels was a ritualised act of great importance as it marked the entry of the new spouse in the home, etxe-sartzea.
Funeral Rites in the Basque Country
Funeral Rites in the Basque Country
Oilarrak gauez kukurruku jotzen badu, laster izango da gorpuren bat etxe hartan. A cockerel crowing at sunset, death is looming.
Shepherd from Lanciego (A) on the climb to Toloño, 1996. Source: José Ángel Chasco, Etniker Euskalerria Groups.
Ganaderia y pastoreo en Vasconia
Ganaderia y pastoreo en Vasconia
The Mediterranean watershed of the Basque Country was, and to a large extent is, characterized by the importance of the commons, the communal character of their exploitation by associations and brotherhoods comprising multiple municipalities still persisting today.
Agricultura en Vasconia
Agricultura en Vasconia
San Jurgi, artoak ereiteko goizegi; San Markos, artoak ereinda balegoz. Para sembrar el maíz, el día de San Jorge es temprano, y el día de San Marcos es ya tarde.