127 728
ediciones
Cambios
sin resumen de edición
== I. [[PRESAGIOS DE MUERTE. HERIOTZAREN ZANTZUAK/en|OMENS OF DEATH]] ==
=== [[#Presagios_relacionados_con_animales|Animal-related omens]] ===
==== [[#Aullido_del_perro._Txakurraren_oihua_zakurraren_uhuria|Dog howling]] ====
==== [[#Canto_del_gallo._Oilarra_kukurruka|Rooster crowing]] ====
==== [[#Comportamiento_del_ganado_y_de_los_gatos|Behaviour of livestock and cats]] ====
==== [[#Canto_o_presencia_de_aves_nocturnas._Le_cri_de_la_chouette|Singing Screeching or presence of night birds. ''Le cri de la chouette'']] ====
==== [[#Presencia_de_cuervos_y_otras_aves._Belak_pikak_karraskari|Presence of crows and other birds]] ====
==== [[#Presencia_de_insectos._Euli_baltzak|Presence of insects]] ====
=== [[#Presagios_relacionados_con_hechos_y_acontecimientos|Omens related with facts and events]] ===
==== [[#El_sonido_de_las_campanas._Kanpaiotsak|Bells ringingtolling]] ====
==== [[#Pagar_medir_o_pesar_lo_justo|Paying, measuring or weighing just enough]] ====
==== [[#Ruidos_y_otras_coincidencias|Noises and other coincidences]] ====
== II. [[AGONIA_Y_MUERTE._AGONIA_ETA_HERIOTZA/en|DEATH THROES AND DEATH]] ==
=== [[#La_agonia._Hiltamua|Death throes]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones32|Names]] ====
==== [[#Signos_fisicos_de_agonia|Physical signs of death throes]] ====
==== [[#El_toque_de_agonia._Agonia-kanpaia_agoniako_zeinua|Death tollsknells]] ====
==== [[#Asistencia_al_agonizante|Caring for the person in their dying moments ]] ====
==== [[#Rezos_durante_la_agonia._Agoniako_otoitzak|Prayers during the death throes]] ====
==== [[#Otras_practicas_religiosas._Agoniako_kandela|Other religious practices]] ====
==== [[#Causas_de_la_prolongacion_de_la_agonia|Causes for the death throes dragging on]] ====
**Feuds and grievances
==== [[#Remedios_contra_la_prolongacion_de_la_agonia|Remedies to stop the death throes dragging on]] ====
**''Meza enkomendadua''Mass for the dying**Offering lights Light offering and fasts
**Facilitating the exiting of the soul
=== [[#La_muerte._Heriotza|The deathDeath]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones33|Names]] ====
==== [[#Causas_fisicas_de_la_muerte|Physical causes of death]] ====
==== [[#Causas_prodigiosas_de_la_muerte|Extraordinary causes of death]] ====
**Spells
 
== III. [[VIATICO_Y_EXTREMAUNCION._AZKEN_SAKRAMENDUAK/en|VIATICUM AND EXTREME UNCTIONANOINTING]] ==
=== [[#Ritos_cristianos_del_pasaje_de_la_muerte|Christian rites of the passage from life to death]] ===
=== [[#Denominaciones34|Names]] ===
=== [[#La_recepcion_de_los_Ultimos_Sacramentos._Eleizakoak|Receiving the Last SacramentsRites]] ===
==== [[#Avisos_al_cura_y_al_medico|Notifying the priest and doctor]] ====
==== [[#Acondicionamiento_de_la_habitacion_del_enfermo|Preparing the room of the sick person]] ====
**Home altar
**Decorating the house
==== [[#El_Viatico._Gure_Jauna|Viaticum]] ====
**Viaticum in the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)**Viaticum in NavarraNavarre
**Viaticum in Gipuzkoa
**Viaticum in Bizkaia
**Viaticum in AlavaÁlava
==== [[#La_Extremauncion._Oleadura|Extreme UnctionAnointing]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_1_Derniers_Sacrements_Azken_Sakramendia_a_Mendive_(BN)|Appendix 1: Derniers Sacrements a Last Rites in Mendive (BN)]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_2_La_administracion_del_Viatico_y_de_la_Extremauncion_segun_el_antiguo_Ritual_Romano|Appendix 2: Administration of Viaticum and Extreme Unction Anointing according to the old Roman Ritual]] ===
 
== IV. [[CREENCIAS_SOBRE_EL_DESTINO_DEL_ALMA/en|BELIEFS ABOUT THE SOUL'S SOUL’S DESTINY]] ==
=== [[#Separacion_del_alma_y_el_cuerpo|Separation of the soul and body]] ===
=== [[#Señales_de_salvacion_o_condenacion|Signs of salvation or damnation]] ===
==== [[#El_semblante_del_cadaver|The countenance Countenance of the corpse]] ====
==== [[#Signos_de_la_naturaleza|Signs of nature]] ====
==== [[#Dificultades_para_sacar_el_ataud_de_la_casa|Problems when removing the coffin from the house]] ====
==== [[#Los_cuerpos_incorruptos|Incorrupt bodies]] ====
=== [[#Practicas_para_asegurar_la_salvacion|Practices to ensure salvation]] ===
 
== V. [[DUELO_DOMESTICO_Y_AYUDA_VECINAL/en|HOUSEHOLD MOURNING AND HELP FROM NEIGHBOURS]] ==
=== [[#Signos_de_duelo_de_la_casa_mortuoria|Signs of mourning of the bereaved household]] ===
==== [[#Ocultacion_de_los_espejos|Concealing the Covering mirrors]] ====
==== [[#Ocultacion_de_otros_enseres|Concealing other belongings]] ====
==== [[#Cubrimiento_de_las_paredes|Covering the walls]] ====
==== [[#Cierre_de_ventanas|Closing windows]] ====
==== [[#Signos_de_duelo_en_el_exterior_de_la_casa|Signs of mourning outside the house]] ====
=== [[#Intervencion_de_los_vecinos_durante_el_duelo|Role of the neighbours during the mourning period]] ===
==== [[#La_vecindad_y_los_vecinos_en_relacion_con_la_casa_mortuoria|The neighbourhood and neighbours with regard to the bereaved household]] ====
**Organisation of the neighbourhood hierarchy
**The first or nearest neighbour
**Reconciliation and friendship between neighbours
==== [[#Ayudas_prestadas_por_los_vecinos|Help provided by the neighbours]] ====
**Household chores and tasks
=== [[#La_cruz_parroquial_en_la_casa_mortuoria|The parish cross in the bereaved household]] ===
=== [[#Apendice_Role_des_voisins_durant_le_rite_funeraire_a_Osses/Ortzaize_(BN)|Appendix: Rôle des voisins durant le rite funéraire à Role of neighbours during funeral rites in Ossès/Ortzaize (BN)]] ===
 
== VI. [[COMUNICACION_DE_LA_MUERTE/en|COMMUNICATING NOTIFYING THE DEATH]] ==
=== [[#Avisos._Hil-mezuak|Notifications]] ===
==== [[#Destinatarios_de_la_notificacion|Recipients of the notification]] ====
==== [[#Avisadores_del_fallecimiento|Death announcers]] ====
**Relatives and neighboursThe first settlers**First neighbours**Youths **Female announcers**Messengers and ''auroros'' choirs
==== [[#Transiciones_contemporaneas_Avisos|Contemporary transitions]] ====
=== [[#Los_toques_de_campana._Hil-kanpaiak_hil-zeinuak|Bell -ringing]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones35|Names]] ====
==== [[#Momento_del_toque_a_muerto|Time of the death knell]] ====
==== [[#Persona_encargada_de_tocar_las_campanas|Person in charge of ringing the bells]] ====
==== [[#El_lenguaje_de_los_tañidos|The language Language of the tolling of the bells]] ====
**Religious status and sex differences
**Social categories
==== [[#Vigencia_de_los_toques_a_muerto|Validity of the death knells]] ====
==== [[#Toques_a_muerto_en_ermitas|Death knells in chapels]] ====
==== [[#Toques_de_entierro|Burial bell tolls]] ====
=== [[#Las_esquelas|Death notices]] ===
==== [[#Antiguedad_de_las_esquelas|Antiquity of the death notices]] ====
==== [[#Esquela_radiofonica|Radio death notices]] ====
=== [[#Los_recordatorios|Memorials]] ===
=== [[#Anuncio_de_la_muerte_a_los_animales_domesticos|Telling domesticated animals of the death]] ===
==== [[#Aviso_a_las_abejas._Erletxuak_erletxuak|Telling the bees]] ====
**Survival of the beehive
**Producing more wax
**Requesting wax and avoiding the death of the bees
**The death Death of the owner**The new New owner
**Signs of mourning
=== [[#Fallecimiento_y_el_acto_de_cerrar_los_ojos|Death and act of closing the eyelids]] ===
=== [[#Lavado_y_amortajamiento|ashing Washing and shrouding]] ===
==== [[#Modos_de_lavar_el_cadaver._Gorpu-garbitzea|Ways of washing the corpse]] ====
==== [[#Adecentamiento_del_cuerpo_muerto|Cleansing the corpse]] ====
==== [[#Disposicion_de_manos_y_pies|Arranging the hands and feet]] ====
==== [[#La_sal_sobre_el_cadaver|Salt on the corpse]] ====
**Festive garments
=== [[#Objetos_que_acompañan_al_cadaver|Objects that accompany the corpse]] ===
==== [[#Simbolos_piadosos|Pious symbols]] ====
==== [[#Bulas_de_difuntos._Hilen_buldak|Death indulgences]] ====
==== [[#Objetos_profanos|Secular objects]] ====
 
== VIII. [[EL_VELATORIO._GAUBELA/en|THE WAKE. ''GAUBELA'']] ==
=== [[#El_velatorio|The wake]] ===
==== [[#Vigilia_diurna|Daytime vigil]] ====
==== [[#Rezo_del_rosario_al_anochecer|Reciting the Rosary rosary at dusk]] ====
==== [[#La_vigilia_nocturna._Hilbeilagaba|Night-time vigil]] ====
**Names
**The wake in the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)**The wake in the Southern Basque Country (lying within Spain)
**Looking after the lamp
**Meals during the wake
==== [[#Vigencia_del_velatorio|Validity of the wake]] ====
=== [[#La_estancia_mortuoria|The room with the deceased]] ===
=== [[#Disposicion_del_cadaver|Laying out the corpse]] ===
==== [[#El_cadaver_en_el_lecho_mortuorio|The corpse on the death bed]] ====
==== [[#El_cadaver_en_la_estancia_principal|The corpse in the main room]] ====
==== [[#En_la_camara_mortuoria._Hil-ohea|In the death chamber]] ====
=== [[#El_ataud._Hilkutxa|The coffin. Hilkutxa]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones36|Names]] ====
==== [[#La_fabricacion_del_ataud|Making the coffin]] ====
==== [[#Clases_y_tipos_de_ataudes|Classes and types of coffins]] ====
==== [[#Funciones_del_carpintero|Duties of the carpenter]] ====
 
== IX. [[CAMINOS_MORTUORIOS._HILBIDEAK/en|CORPSE WAYS. HILBIDEAK]] ==
=== [[#Denominaciones37|Names]] ===
=== [[#Los_caminos_mortuorios_en_localidades_de_poblacion_dispersa|Corpse ways in localities with a scattered population]] ===
==== [[#Vasconia_peninsular._Andabideak|Southern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Vasconia_continental._Eleizbideak|Northern Basque Country]] ====
=== [[#Los_caminos_mortuorios_en_villas_con_poblacion_rural|Corpse ways in charter towns with a rural population]] ===
=== [[#Los_caminos_mortuorios_en_localidades_de_poblacion_concentrada|Corpse ways in localities with a concentrated population]] ===
=== [[#Los_caminos_de_la_cruz_parroquial_y_del_Viatico|The paths of the parish cross and the Viaticum]] ===
=== [[#Arreglo_de_los_caminos_mortuorios|Upkeep of the corpse ways]] ===
=== [[#Significacion_juridica_de_los_caminos_mortuorios|Legal significance of the corpse ways]] ===
 
== X. [[LA_CONDUCCION_DEL_CADAVER_A_LA_IGLESIA/en|TAKING THE CORPSE TO THE CHURCH]] ==
=== [[#Los_anderos._Hil-ohezaleak|The bearers]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones38|Names]] ====
==== [[#Anderos_vecinos|Neighbours as bearers]] ====
**Northern Basque Country
**Southern Basque Country
==== [[#Anderos_mozos_en_Alava|Youth bearers in Álava]] ====
==== [[#Anderos_vecinos_y_familiares|Relatives and neighbours as bearers]] ====
==== [[#Anderos_familiares_y_amigos|Friends and relatives as bearers]] ====
==== [[#Anderos_designados_por_el_moribundo|Bearers nominated by the dying person]] ====
==== [[#Orientacion_del_cadaver|Orientation of the corpse]] ====
==== [[#Denominaciones39|Names]] ====
==== [[#Encabezamiento_de_la_comitiva._Kurutzeketaria|Head of the procession]] ====
==== [[#El_cortejo_funebre_en_Alava|The funeral cortege in AlavaÁlava]] ====
==== [[#El_cortejo_funebre_en_Bizkaia|The funeral cortege in Bizkaia]] ====
==== [[#El_cortejo_funebre_en_Gipuzkoa|The funeral cortege in Gipuzkoa]] ====
==== [[#El_cortejo_funebre_en_Navarra|The funeral cortege in NavarraNavarre]] ====
==== [[#El_cortejo_funebre_en_Vasconia_continental|The funeral cortege in the Northern Basque Country]] ====
=== [[#Cofradias_y_Asociaciones_en_el_cortejo|Brotherhoods and Associations in the cortege]] ===
=== [[#Rezos_y_cantos_durante_la_conduccion_del_cadaver|Prayers and songs during the bearing of the corpse]] ===
=== [[#Paradas_del_cortejo_funebre._Itxoinaldiak|Stops of the funeral cortege]] ===
=== [[#El_cortejo_funebre_hoy|The funeral cortege today]] ===
=== [[#Entierro_de_niño|A child's burial]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones40|Names]] ====
==== [[#Vasconia_continental4|Northern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Vasconia_peninsular1|Southern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Los_padrinos_en_el_entierro_de_niño|The godparents at a child's burial]] ====
=== [[#Entierro_de_joven|A youth's burial]] ===
=== [[#Las_plañideras._Erostariak|The mourners]] ===
==== [[#Documentacion_historica|Historical documentation]] ====
==== [[#Fuentes_etnograficas|Ethnographic sources]] ====
==== [[#Lloros_y_lamentos|Crying and wailing]] ====
 
==== [[#La_capa._Kapa_handia|The cape]] ====
==== [[#El_manton._Mantua|The shawl]] ====
=== [[#Indumentaria_tradicional_de_los_hombres|Traditional men's attire]] ===
=== [[#Indumentaria_tradicional_de_las_mujeres|Traditional women's attire]] ===
=== [[#Indumentaria_de_los_parientes_y_vecinos|Attire of the relative and neighbours]] ===
=== [[#El_vestir_de_los_componentes_del_duelo_hoy|Bereavement dress today]] ===
 
== XIII. [[PORTADORES_DE_OFRENDAS_EN_EL_CORTEJO/en|OFFERING BEARERS IN THE CORTEGE]] ==
=== [[#La_portadora_de_la_ofrenda._Denominaciones|The offering bearer of the offering. Names]] ===
==== [[#La_ofrendera_de_pan._Aurrogia|The bread offering-bearer]] ====
==== [[#La_ofrendera_de_luces._Ezkoanderea|The light offering-bearer]] ====
=== [[#Antiguas_ofrendas_de_animales_en_el_cortejo|Cortege animal offerings in the past]] ===
=== [[#Ramos_y_coronas_de_flores_en_el_cortejo_funebre|Floral wreaths and flowers in the funeral cortege]] ===
==== [[#Las_flores_a_principios_de_siglo|Flowers at the start of the century]] ====
==== [[#Flores_y_coronas_artificiales|Artificial wreaths and flowers]] ====
==== [[#Coronas_y_cruces_artesanales|Homemade crosses and wreaths]] ====
==== [[#Generalizacion_de_ramos_y_coronas|Prevalence of flowers and wreaths]] ====
==== [[#Significaciones_atribuidas|Attributed meanings]] ====
 
<div style="margin-left:0cm;"></div> == XIV. [[EXEQUIAS._HILETAK/en|OBSEQUIES. HILETAK]] ==
=== [[#El_cadaver_durante_las_exequias|The corpse during the obsequies]] ===
==== [[#El_feretro_en_el_portico|The coffin in the gateway]] ====
==== [[#Inhumacion_previa_al_funeral|Burial prior to the funeral service]] ====
==== [[#El_catafalco_o_tumbano|The catafalque or burial mound]] ====
==== [[#El_funeral_de_cuerpo_presente|The funeral with the body present]] ====
=== [[#Disposicion_del_duelo_familiar_en_la_iglesia|Arrangement of the family mourners in the church]] ===
==== [[#El_duelo_masculino._Luto-bankua|Male mourners]] ====
==== [[#El_duelo_femenino._Jarlekua|Family mourners]] ====
=== [[#La_misa_del_funeral._Hileta-meza|The funeral mass]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones41|Names]] ====
==== [[#Clases_de_funerales|Types of funeral]] ====
==== [[#Satiras_a_las_clases_de_funeral|Satires on the types of funeral]] ====
==== [[#La_categoria_social_del_funeral|The social standing of the funeral]] ====
==== [[#Misa_de_entierro_y_misas_de_honras|Burial mass and Funeral rites]] ====
==== [[#Misas_de_«a_tiempo»|«A tiempo» masses (concelebrated by different priests)]] ====
==== [[#Funerales_de_parvulos._Aingeru-meza|Infant funerals]] ====
=== [[#Novenario._Bederatziurrena|Novena]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones42|Names]] ====
==== [[#El_novenario_en_los_años_veinte|The novena in the Twentiestwenties]] ====
==== [[#Perduracion_y_transformacion_del_novenario|Persistence and transformation of the novena]] ====
==== [[#El_novenario_en_el_Pais_Vasco_continental|The novena in the Northern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Rezo_del_rosario_durante_el_novenario|Reciting the rosary during the novena]] ====
=== [[#Honras._Ondrak|Funeral rites]] ===
=== [[#Funcion_mensual_de_almas_y_Ogerrena|Month's Mind]] ===
=== [[#Misa_de_aniversario._Urteburuko_meza|Anniversary Massmass]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones43|Names]] ====
==== [[#Pais_Vasco_peninsular|Southern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Pais_Vasco_continental1|Northern Basque Country]] ====
=== [[#Ofrendas_de_misas._Meza-sariak|Mass offerings]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones44|Names]] ====
==== [[#Pais_Vasco_continental2|Northern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Pais_Vasco_peninsular1|Southern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Misas_gregorianas._San_Gregorioren_mezak|Gregorian masses]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_Gastos_de_entierro|Appendix: Burial costs]] ===
 
== XVI. [[LAS_SEPULTURAS_EN_LAS_IGLESIAS._JARLEKUAK._FUESAS/en|GRAVES BURIAL SITES IN CHURCHES. PITSJARLEKUAK. FUESAS]] ==
=== [[#Denominaciones45|Names]] ===
=== [[#Vigencia_de_las_sepulturas_simbolicas|Validity of the symbolic gravesburial sites]] ===
==== [[#Sepultura_domestica|Household graveburial site]] ====
==== [[#Sepultura_colectiva|Collective graveburial site]] ====
==== [[#Supresion_de_las_sepulturas|Abolition of the gravesburial sites]] ====
=== [[#Ajuar_de_la_sepultura|Burial goods]] ===
==== [[#Paño_o_mantel._Zamaua|Cloth or tablecloth]] ====
==== [[#Soportes_de_las_luces|Light holders]] ====
**Woodcutter
**''Grave''. Pit
**''Argizaiola''
**Candlestick
==== [[#Ezkoa._Cerilla|MatchBeeswax]] ====
==== [[#Adornos_de_las_velas|Candle decorations]] ====
==== [[#Elaboracion_artesanal_de_velas_y_cerillas|Making candles and matches strips of candles by hand]] ====
==== [[#Cesto_de_ofrendas._Ezkozarea|Hamper of offerings]] ====
==== [[#Reclinatorio._Kadira|Kneeler]] ====
==== [[#Custodia_de_los_enseres|Custody of the belongings]] ====
=== [[#Activacion_de_la_sepultura._Ezkoen_piztea|Activation of the graveburial site]] ===
==== [[#Primacia_de_la_dueña_de_la_casa|Primacy of the lady of the house]] ====
==== [[#Funciones_de_la_serora_el_dia_de_las_exequias|Duties of the sister on the day of the obsequies]] ====
=== [[#Toma_de_posesion_de_la_sepultura._Sepultura_hartzea|Taking possession of the graveburial site]] ===
=== [[#Duracion_del_duelo_en_la_sepultura._Ogi-hastea_eta_ogi-uztea|Length of the mourning at the graveburial site]] ===
 
== XVII. [[OFRENDAS_Y_SUFRAGIOS_EN_LA_SEPULTURA._ARGIAK_OLATAK_HILOTOITZAK/en|OFFERINGS AND SUFFRAGES AT THE GRAVE. ARGIAK, OLATAK, HILOTOITZAK]] ==
=== [[#Ofrenda_de_luces._Argi_egitea/en|Light offering]] ===
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre**AlavaÁlava
**Bizkaia
**Northern Basque Country
**Gipuzkoa
**NavarraNavarre**AlavaÁlava
**Bizkaia
**Northern Basque Country
=== [[#Ofrenda_de_panes._Ofrenda-ogia|Bread offering]] ===
==== [[#Extension_y_vigencia_de_la_ofrenda_de_pan|Extent and validity of the bread offering]] ====
==== [[#Tipos_de_pan_numero_y_peso|Types of bread, number and weight]] ====
==== [[#Denominaciones46|Names]] ====
==== [[#Oferentes_y_recipendiarios|Offerings Offerers and recipients]] ====
==== [[#Rito_de_ofrenda_en_las_exequias|Offering ritual at the obsequies ]] ====
==== [[#Ofrenda_de_pan_en_el_novenario|Bread offering at the novena]] ====
==== [[#Ofrendas_durante_el_año_de_luto|Offerings during the year of mourning]] ====
==== [[#Ofrendas_en_la_misa_de_aniversario|Offerings at the anniversary mass]] ====
==== [[#Ofrendas_en_dias_señalados|Offerings on certain days]] ====
==== [[#Reparto_del_pan_de_ofrenda|Distribution of the offering bread]] ====
=== [[#Ofrendas_de_dinero_en_la_sepultura._Errespontsuak|Money offerings at the grave]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones47|Names]] ====
==== [[#Los_responsos_del_dia_del_entierro|The responsories of the day of the burial]] ====
==== [[#Responsos_en_determinados_dias_del_año|Responsories on certain days of the year]] ====
==== [[#Evolucion_del_estipendio_de_los_responsos|Evolution of the stipend of the responsories]] ====
=== [[#Antiguas_ofrendas_de_animales|Animal offerings in the past]] ===
==== [[#Fuentes_historicas|Historical sources]] ====
==== [[#Fuentes_etnograficas1|Ethnographic sources]] ====
==== [[#Presencia_del_duelo_tras_el_sepelio|Bereavement after the burial]] ====
==== [[#Cortejo_hasta_el_limes|Cortege to the ''limes'']] ====
==== [[#Cortejo_directo_al_cementerio|Direct cortege to the cemetery]] ====
==== [[#Comitiva_numerosa|Large procession]] ====
==== [[#El_sepelio_hoy|The burial today]] ====
=== [[#Ritos_en_el_cementerio|Rituals in the cemetery]] ===
==== [[#Rescate_de_simbolos_religiosos|Retrieval of religious symbols]] ====
==== [[#Arrojar_un_puñado_de_tierra|Throwing a handful of earth]] ====
=== [[#La_inhumacion._Lurra_ematea|The Intermentinterment]] ===
=== [[#Orientacion_de_la_tumba|Orientation of the tomb]] ===
==== [[#En_la_iglesia_y_en_su_entorno|In the church and in its surroundings]] ====
== XIX. [[REGRESO_A_LA_CASA_MORTUORIA_Y_AGAPES_FUNERARIOS/en|RETURNING TO THE HOUSE OF THE DECEASED AND FUNERAL FEAST]] ==
=== [[#Regreso_del_cortejo_a_la_casa_mortuoria|Return of the cortege to the house of the deceased]] ===
==== [[#Vasconia_continental5|Northern Basque Country]] ====
==== [[#Vasconia_peninsular2|Southern Basque Country]] ====
=== [[#Agapes_y_refrigerios_a_los_asistentes|Feast and refreshments for the attendees]] ===
==== [[#La_«caridad»_en_Alava|The «goodwill» Goodwill in AlavaÁlava]] ====
==== [[#Karidadea_en_Gipuzkoa|''Karidadea'' in Gipuzkoa]] ====
=== [[#Obsequios_a_los_participantes_en_las_exequias|Gifts to the participants in the obsequies]] ===
==== [[#A_los_sacerdotes|To the priests]] ====
==== [[#A_los_portadores_del_feretro|To the coffin bearers]] ====
==== [[#A_los_niños|To children]] ====
==== [[#A_los_auroros|To the auroros choirs]] ====
==== [[#Limosnas_a_los_pobres|Alms to the poor]] ====
=== [[#La_comida_de_entierro._Entierro-bazkaria|The burial meal]] ===
**Preparing the room and the meal
==== [[#Comensales|Diners]] ====
**Relatives
**Neighbours
**''Mezakoak''
**Other guests
**Top table
**Prayers
==== [[#Composicion_de_la_comida|Composition of the meal]] ====
==== [[#La_comida_de_entierro_en_diversas_localidades|The burial meal at different places]] ====
**Beskoitze (L)
==== [[#Comidas_de_honras_y_aniversarios|Anniversary and funeral rites meals]] ====
==== [[#Valoraciones_actuales|Current valuations]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_Antiguas_restricciones_legales_sobre_banquetes_funebres|Appendix: Some legal restrictions about funeral feasts]] ===
 
== XX. [[EL_LUTO._DOLUA/en|THE MOURNING. DOLUA]] ==
=== [[#Denominaciones49|Names]] ===
=== [[#Duracion_del_luto|Duration of the mourning]] ===
=== [[#Restricciones_durante_el_luto|Restrictions during the mourning period]] ===
==== [[#Asistencia_a_bailes_y_fiestas|Attending dances and parties]] ====
==== [[#Presencia_en_bares_y_establecimientos_publicos|Presence in bars and public establishments]] ====
==== [[#Celebraciones_domesticas|Household celebrations]] ====
==== [[#Actividades_ruidosas|Noisy activities]] ====
=== [[#El_luto_en_la_indumentaria._Doluko_arropa|Mourning apparel]] ===
==== [[#Luto_de_las_mujeres|Women's mourning apparel]] ====
==== [[#Teñido_casero_de_prendas_para_el_luto|Home dying of garments for the mourning]] ====
=== [[#Marcas_de_duelo_en_el_exterior_de_la_casa|Signs of mourning on the outside of the house]] ===
==== [[#Colgaduras|Drapery]] ====
==== [[#Ocultacion_de_los_escudos|Concealing the coats-of-arms]] ====
=== [[#Extension_del_duelo_a_los_animales_domesticos|Extending the mourning to the domesticated animals]] ===
=== [[#Otras_manifestaciones_de_luto|Other displays of mourning]] ===
== XXI. [[CONMEMORACION_DE_LOS_DIFUNTOS/en|COMMEMORATION OF THE DEAD]] ==
=== [[#1_de_noviembre._Festividad_de_Todos_los_Santos._Domuru_Santu|1 November All Saints' Day]] ===
==== [[#Ofrendas_en_la_iglesia|Offerings at the church]] ====
==== [[#Ofrendas_en_la_iglesia1|Offerings at the church]] ====
==== [[#Visitas_al_cementerio|Visits to the cemetery]] ====
==== [[#Novenario_por_las_Animas_del_Purgatorio|Novena for the Spirits in Purgatory]] ====
==== [[#Indulgencias_por_los_difuntos|Indulgences for the deceased]] ====
=== [[#Conmemoraciones_de_difuntos_a_lo_largo_del_año|Commemoration of the dead during the year]] ===
=== [[#Cuidado_de_las_tumbas|Caring for the graves]] ===
 
=== [[#Cofradia_de_la_Vera_Cruz|Brotherhood of the True Cross]] ===
=== [[#Cofradia_del_Santo_Rosario|Brotherhood of the Holy Rosary]] ===
=== [[#Cofradia_de_Animas|Brotherhood of the Spirits]] ===
=== [[#Cofradias_religiosas_bajo_otras_denominaciones_(San_Blas_San_Nicolas_Pescadores_y_Mareantes_Santiago_Apostol_San_Francisco_Javier_San_Roque_San_Sebastian_Santa_Ana_San_Jose_Santisimo_Sacramento_Santa_Fe_Antorchas_Ntra._Sra._de_las_Cuevas|Religious brotherhoods under other names (San Blas, San Nicolás, Fishermen and Seafarers Santiago Apóstol, San Francisco Javier, San Roque, San Sebastián, Santa Ana, San José, Blessed Sacrament, Santa Fe, Antorchas, Our Lady of the Grottoes)]] ===
==== [[#Cofradia_de_San_Miguel_de_Alzusta_en_Zeanuri|Brotherhood of San Miguel de Alzusta in Zeanuri]] ====
==== [[#Cofradia_de_San_Adrian_de_Argiñeta_en_Elorrio|Brotherhood of San Adrián de Argiñeta in Elorrio]] ====
=== [[#Cofradia_de_la_Trinidad_de_Sanguesa_(Navarra)|Brotherhood of the Sangüesa Trinity (NavarraNavarre)]] ===
=== [[#Cofradia_de_los_Sacerdotes_de_Aramayona_(Alava)|Brotherhood of the Aramayona Priests (AlavaÁlava)]] ===
=== [[#Hermandades_y_Asociaciones_mutuas_de_caracter_funerario|Brotherhoods and Funeral Mutual Associations]] ===
=== [[#Apendice|Appendix]] ===
==== [[#Estatutos_de_la_Hermandad_de_la_Santa_Vera_Cruz_del_lugar_de_Villanueva_de_Valdegovia|Charter of the Brotherhood of the Holy True Cross of the village of Villanueva de Valdegovía]] ====
==== [[#Libro_de_la_Cofradia_del_Sto._Rosario_de_este_pueblo_de_S._Roman|Book of the Brotherhood of the Holy Rosary of this town of S. San Román]] ====
==== [[#Regla_y_Estatutos_de_la_Cofradia_de_Animas._Llodio|Rules and Charter of the Brotherhood of Spirits. Llodio]] ====
==== [[#Statuts_ou_Reglements_des_Confreres_de_la_Confrerie_de_Saint-Blaise_du_quartier_d_Amots_en_la_Paroisse_de_St-Pe_du_14_fevrier_1779|Statuts ou Règlements des Confrères de la Confrérie de Saint-Blaise du quartier d'Amots, en la Paroisse de St-Pé, du 14 fevrier 1779]] ====
==== [[#Reglamento_reformado_de_la_Cofradia_de_la_Natividad_de_Nuestra_Señora_de_los_Reverendos_Sacerdotes_del_Valle_de_Aramayona_Provincia_de_Alava_Diocesis_de_Vitoria|Reformed Rules of the Brotherhood of the Nativity of Our Lady of the Reverend Priests of Aramayona Valley, Province of AlavaÁlava, Diocese of Vitoria]] ====
==== [[#Hermandad_de_Difuntos_«Bakartasuna»_(La_Soledad)._Zeanuri|«Bakartasuna» Bakartasuna Brotherhood of the Dead (Solitude). Zeanuri]] ====
==== [[#Reglamento_de_la_Hermandad_de_la_VeraCruz_fundada_el_año_de_1882_en_Alonsotegui|Rules of the Brotherhood of the True Cross, founded in Alonsótegui in 1882]] ====
=== [[#La_inhumacion_junto_a_la_iglesia|Internment next to the church]] ===
=== [[#La_inhumacion_en_el_interior_de_la_iglesia|Internment inside the church]] ===
=== [[#Prohibiciones_legales_de_sepultar_en_iglesias|Legal restrictions regarding burial in churches]] ===
=== [[#El_cementerio._Hilerria|The cemetery]] ===
==== [[#Denominaciones50|Names]] ====
==== [[#Ubicacion_del_cementerio|Location of the cemetery]] ====
**Cemeteries in the outskirts
==== [[#Distribucion_del_espacio_del_cementerio|Distribution of the cemetery area]] ====
==== [[#Derecho_de_inhumacion_en_la_sepultura|Right of internment in the grave]] ====
**The crypt
==== [[#Cabecera_de_la_tumba|Headstone]] ====
**Crosses
 
== XXIV. [[APARECIDOS_Y_ANIMAS_ERRANTES._ARIMA_HERRATUAK/en|GHOSTS APPARITIONS AND WANDERING SPIRITS. ARIMA HERRATUAK]] ==
=== [[#Creencias_sobre_aparecidos|Beliefs about ghostsapparitions]] ===
=== [[#Modos_de_aparicion_de_las_animas|Types of spirit apparitions]] ===
==== [[#Sonidos_y_ruidos_extraños._Herotsegileak|Sounds and strong noises]] ====
==== [[#Luces_y_resplandores._Argi-egileak|Lights and glows]] ====
==== [[#Sombras._Gerixetiak|Shadows]] ====
==== [[#Olores._Arimen_usaina|Smells]] ====
==== [[#Forma_corporea|Bodily form]] ====
==== [[#Otras_formas_de_aparicion|Other types of apparition]] ====
=== [[#Tiempos_de_aparicion|Apparition times]] ===
=== [[#Escenarios_de_aparicion|Apparition scenarios]] ===
==== [[#La_casa_y_el_fuego_del_hogar|The house and outside the home]] ====
==== [[#Caminos_y_encrucijadas|Paths and crossroads]] ====
==== [[#Moradas_de_animas|Spirit abodes]] ====
=== [[#Testigos_de_las_apariciones|Witnesses of the apparitions]] ===
=== [[#Comportamientos_ante_apariciones|Reaction to the apparitions]] ===
==== [[#Prevenciones|Preventions]] ====
==== [[#Normas_y_formulas_dialogadas._Zer_arrangura_duk?|Dialogues and rules]] ====
==== [[#Cautelas_y_acreditaciones._Atzamarren_erreunea|Precautions and accreditations]] ====
==== [[#Modos_de_ahuyentar|Ways of driving them away]] ====
==== [[#Peticiones_de_las_animas|Petitions to the spirits]] ====
**Masses
=== [[#Presentimientos_y_temores_a_apariciones|Premonitions and fear of apparitions]] ===
==== [[#Prohibicion_de_dar_vueltas_al_cementerio|Ban on going round and round the cemetery]] ====
==== [[#Miedo_a_lugares_de_enterramiento|Fear of burial places]] ====
=== [[#Practicas_asociadas_a_las_creencias_en_las_animas|Practices associated with beliefs in spirits]] ===
=== [[#Narraciones_de_aparecidos_tradicionalizadas|Traditionalised ghost stories]] ===
==== [[#El_cura-cazador_errante._Abade-txakurrak|The travelling ghost hungerhunter-priest]] ====
==== [[#El_cura_a_falta_de_una_misa._Gauerdiko_meza|The priest one mass away]] ====
==== [[#Sirvienta_por_deudora._Zorrak_pagatu_arte_neskato|Debtor servant girl]] ====
=== [[#Apendice_Relatos_de_aparecidos|Appendix: Ghost stories]] ===
==== [[#Herotsegilea._Anima_tonante|Thundering spirit]] ====
==== [[#Argi-egilea._Anima_luminosa|Shining spirit]] ====
==== [[#Atzamarren_erreunea._Huella_de_fuego|Fire footprint]] ====
==== [[#Txarri-elia._La_piara_de_cerdos|The swine herd]] ====
==== [[#Zazpi_estatuz_ez_ondoratu._Alejarse_siete_estadios|Moving away in seven stages]] ====
==== [[#Mallabiko_abadea._El_cura-cazador_errante|The travelling ghost hungerhunter-priest]] ====
==== [[#Gauerdiko_meza._El_cura_a_falta_de_una_misa|The priest one mass away]] ====
==== [[#Zorrak_pagatu_arte_neskato._Sirvienta_por_deudora|Debtor servant girl]] ====
==== [[#Arima_herratua_(ame_errante)_qui_ecrit_sur_un_papier_un_qui_ecrit_sur_un_papier_nu|''Arima herratua'' (âme errante) qui écrit sur un papier nu]] ====
==== [[#Arima_korotik_gora_joan._Aparicion_en_iglesia|Apparition in church]] ====
==== [[#Kuadrilea_kantaren-kantaren._Grupo_de_animas_junto_al_cementerio|Group of spirits next to the cemetery]] ====
==== [[#Gaitzerua_eta_ezkoa._La_candela_bajo_el_celemin|The lamp under the bushel]] ====
 
== XXV. [[LES_RITES_FUNERAIRES_EN_PAYS_BASQUE_NORD_OU_IPARRALDE_(SINTHESE)LOS_RITOS_FUNERARIOS_EN_IPARRALDE/en|LES FUNERAL RITES FUNERAIRES EN PAYS IN THE NORTHERN BASQUE NORD OU IPARRALDE (SINTHESE)COUNTRY]] ==
{{#bookTitle:Funeral Rites in the Basque Country | Ritos_funerarios_en_vasconia/en}} {{DISPLAYTITLE: Table of contents}}