Diferencia entre revisiones de «Indice Ritos funerarios en vasconia/en»

- Viaticum in the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)
- Viaticum in Navarra
- Viaticum in Gipuzkoa
- Viaticum in Bizkaia
- Viaticum in Alava

Extreme Unction

Appendix 1: Derniers Sacrements a Mendive (BN)

Appendix 2: Administration of Viaticum and Extreme Unction according to the old Roman Ritual

IV. BELIEFS ABOUT THE SOUL'S DESTINY

Separation of the soul and body

Signs of salvation or damnation

The countenance of the corpse

Signs of nature

Problems when removing the coffin from the house

Incorrupt bodies

Practices to ensure salvation

V. HOUSEHOLD MOURNING AND HELP FROM NEIGHBOURS

Signs of mourning of the bereaved household

Concealing the mirrors

Concealing other belongings

Covering the walls

Closing windows

Signs of mourning outside the house

Role of the neighbours during the mourning period

The neighbourhood and neighbours with regard to the bereaved household

- Organisation of the neighbourhood hierarchy
- The first neighbour
- Reconciliation and friendship between neighbours

Help provided by the neighbours

- Household chores and tasks
- Primacy of family support
- Customarily established help

The parish cross in the bereaved household

Appendix: Rôle des voisins durant le rite funéraire à Ossès/Ortzaize (BN)

VI. COMMUNICATING THE DEATH

Notifications

Recipients of the notification

Death announcers

Relatives and neighbours The first settlers Youths Female announcers Messengers and auroros choirs

Contemporary transitions

Bell ringing

Names

Time of the death knell

Person in charge of ringing the bells

The language of the tolling of the bells

- Religious status and sex differences
- Death knell for children
- Social categories

Validity of the death knells

Death knells in chapels

Burial bell tolls

Death notices

Newspaper death notices

Street death notices

Antiquity of the death notices

Radio death notices

Memorials

Telling domesticated animals of the death

Telling the bees

- Survival of the beehive
- Producing more wax
- Requesting wax and avoiding the death of the bees
- The death of the owner
- The new owner
- Signs of mourning

Telling the barn animals

VII. SHROUD

Death and act of closing the eyelids

ashing and shrouding

Ways of washing the corpse

Cleansing the corpse

Arranging the hands and feet

Salt on the corpse

The shroud and its types

- Cloth shroud
- Religious habits
- Festive garments

Objects that accompany the corpse

Pious symbols

Death indulgences

Secular objects

Burning herbs

VIII. THE WAKE. GAUBELA

The wake

Daytime vigil

Reciting the Rosary at dusk

Night-time vigil

- Names
- The wake in the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)
- The wake in the Southern Basque Country (lying within Spain)
- Looking after the lamp
- Meals during the wake

Validity of the wake

The room with the deceased

Cross

Light

Holy water

Laying out the corpse

The corpse on the death bed

The corpse in the main room

In the death chamber

The coffin

Names

Making the coffin

Classes and types of coffins

Duties of the carpenter

Trolleys and stretchers

Burning the pallet

IX. CORPSE WAYS

Names

Corpse ways in localities with a scattered population

Southern Basque Country

Northern Basque Country

Corpse ways in charter towns with a rural population

Corpse ways in localities with a concentrated population

The paths of the parish cross and the Viaticum

Upkeep of the corpse ways

Legal significance of the corpse ways

X. TAKING THE CORPSE TO THE CHURCH

The bearers

Names

Neighbours as bearers

- Northern Basque Country
- Southern Basque Country

Youth bearers in Álava

Relatives and neighbours as bearers

Friends and relatives as bearers

Bearers nominated by the dying person

Orientation of the corpse

Developments in the ways to transport the corpse

Taking turns in bearing the corpse

Removal of the corpse

Southern Basque Country

Northern Basque Country

Hospitality house

Mother house or of the patron saint

XI. THE FUNERAL CORTEGE

Composition of the funeral cortege

Names

Head of the procession

The funeral cortege in Alava

The funeral cortege in Bizkaia

The funeral cortege in Gipuzkoa

The funeral cortege in Navarra

The funeral cortege in the Northern Basque Country

Brotherhoods and Associations in the cortege

Prayers and songs during the bearing of the corpse

Stops of the funeral cortege

The funeral cortege today

A child's burial

Names

Northern Basque Country

Southern Basque Country

The godparents at a child's burial

A youth's burial

The mourners

Historical documentation

Ethnographic sources

Crying and wailing

XII. ATTIRE IN THE FUNERAL CORTEGE

Old mourning attire

The cape

The shawl

Traditional men's attire

Traditional women's attire

Attire of the relative and neighbours

Bereavement dress today

XIII. OFFERING BEARERS IN THE CORTEGE

The bearer of the offering. Names

The bread offering

The light offering

Cortege animal offerings in the past

Floral wreaths and flowers in the funeral cortege

Flowers at the start of the century

Artificial wreaths and flowers

Homemade crosses and wreaths

Prevalence of flowers and wreaths

Attributed meanings

Position in the cortege

XIV. OBSEQUIES

The corpse during the obsequies

The coffin in the gateway

Burial prior to the funeral service

The catafalque or burial mound

The funeral with the body present

Arrangement of the family mourners in the church

Male mourners

Family mourners

Family mourners today

The funeral mass

Names

Types of funeral

Satires on the types of funeral

The social standing of the funeral

Burial mass and Funeral rites

«A tiempo» masses (concelebrated by different priests)

Infant funerals

Appendix: Obsequies according to the Roman Ritual

XV. OBSEQUIAL DAYS

Novena

Names

The novena in the Twenties

Persistence and transformation of the novena

The novena in the Northern Basque Country

Reciting the rosary during the novena

Funeral rites

Month's Mind

Anniversary Mass

Names

Southern Basque Country

Northern Basque Country

Mass offerings

Names

Northern Basque Country

Southern Basque Country

Gregorian masses

Appendix: Burial costs

XVI. GRAVES IN CHURCHES. PITS

Names

Validity of the symbolic graves

Household grave

Collective grave

Abolition of the graves

Burial goods

Cloth or tablecloth

Light holders

- Woodcutter
- Grave. Pit
- Argizaiola
- Candlestick

Match

Candle decorations

Making candles and matches by hand

Hamper of offerings

Kneeler

Custody of the belongings

Activation of the grave

Primacy of the lady of the house

Sister's involvement

Duties of the sister on the day of the obsequies

Taking possession of the grave

Length of the mourning at the grave

XVII. OFFERINGS AND SUFFRAGES AT THE GRAVE

Light offering

Beliefs

Light offering at the obsequies

- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
- Alava
- Bizkaia
- Northern Basque Country

Light offerings during the mourning period

- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
- Alava
- Bizkaia
- Northern Basque Country

Bread offering

Extent and validity of the bread offering

Types of bread, number and weight

Names

Offerings and recipients

Offering ritual at the obsequies

Bread offering at the novena

Offerings during the year of mourning

Offerings at the anniversary mass

Offerings on certain days

Distribution of the offering bread

Money offerings at the grave

Names

The responsories of the day of the burial

Responsories during the period of mourning

- On feast days
- Ordinary days

Responsories on certain days of the year

Evolution of the stipend of the responsories

Animal offerings in the past

Historical sources

Ethnographic sources

XVIII. ACT OF BURIAL

Attending the burial act

Ex officio attendees

Women not attending

Bereavement after the burial

Cortege to the limes

Direct cortege to the cemetery

Large procession

The burial today

Rituals in the cemetery

Retrieval of religious symbols

Throwing a handful of earth

The Interment

Orientation of the tomb

In the church and in its surroundings

In the cemetery

- Orientation with respect to the Sun
- Orientation with respect to the church
- Orientation with respect to the floor plan of the cemetery
- Random distribution

XIX. RETURNING TO THE HOUSE OF THE DECEASED AND FUNERAL FEAST

Return of the cortege to the house of the deceased

Northern Basque Country

Southern Basque Country

Feast and refreshments for the attendees

The «goodwill» in Alava

Karidadea in Gipuzkoa

Other refreshments

Gifts to the participants in the obsequies

To the priests

To the coffin bearers

To children

To the auroros choirs

Alms to the poor

The burial meal

Names

Place of the meal

- At the house of the deceased
- In inns and taverns
- Preparing the room and the meal

Diners

- Relatives
- Neighbours
- Mezakoak
- Other guests
- Top table
- Prayers

Composition of the meal

The burial meal at different places

- Beskoitze (L)
- Izpura (BN)
- Ezpeize-Ündüreiñe (Z)
- Basabüria (Haute Soule)
- Aria (N)
- Allo (N)
- Mezkiriz (N)
- Berastegi (G)
- Elosua (G)
- Abadiano (B)
- Zeanuri (B)
- Ribera Alta (A)
- Salvatierra (A)

Anniversary and funeral rites meals

Current valuations

Appendix: Some legal restrictions about funeral feasts

XX. THE MOURNING

Names

Duration of the mourning

Restrictions during the mourning period

Attending dances and parties

Presence in bars and public establishments

Household celebrations

Noisy activities

Mourning apparel

Women's mourning apparel

- Mourning veil
- Mantalina
- Shawl
- Mantaleta
- Kaputxina

Men's mourning apparel

- Kapa
- Kapa ttipia and taulerra

Children's mourning apparel

Less rigorous mourning

Home dying of garments for the mourning

Signs of mourning on the outside of the house

Drapery

Concealing the coats-of-arms

Extending the mourning to the domesticated animals

Other displays of mourning

Changes to the mourning

XXI. COMMEMORATION OF THE DEAD

1 November All Saints' Day

Offerings at the church

Visiting the cemetery

- Southern Basque Country
- Northern Basque Country

2 November Commemoration of the Faithful Departed or All Souls' Day

Offerings at the church

Visits to the cemetery

Novena for the Spirits in Purgatory

Distribution of the offerings to children

Indulgences for the deceased

Commemoration of the dead during the year

Caring for the graves

XXII. ASSOCIATIONS AROUND DEATH

General characteristics of the religious brotherhoods

Brotherhood of the True Cross

Brotherhood of the Holy Rosary

Brotherhood of the Spirits

Religious brotherhoods under other names (San Blas, San Nicolás, Fishermen and Seafarers Santiago Apóstol, San Francisco Javier, San Roque, San Sebastián, Santa Ana, San José, Blessed Sacrament, Santa Fe, Antorchas, Our Lady of the Grottoes)

Brotherhoods linked to shrines

Neighbourhood brotherhoods in Bizkaia

Brotherhood of San Miguel de Alzusta in Zeanuri

Brotherhood of San Adrián de Argiñeta in Elorrio

Brotherhood of the Sangüesa Trinity (Navarra)

Brotherhood of the Aramayona Priests (Alava)

Brotherhoods and Funeral Mutual Associations

Appendix

Charter of the Brotherhood of the Holy True Cross of the village of Villanueva de Valdegovía

Book of the Brotherhood of the Holy Rosary of this town of S. Román

Rules and Charter of the Brotherhood of Spirits. Llodio

Statuts ou Règlements des Confrères de la Confrérie de Saint-Blaise du quartier d'Amots, en la Paroisse de St-Pé, du 14 fevrier 1779

Reformed Rules of the Brotherhood of the Nativity of Our Lady of the Reverend Priests of Aramayona Valley, Province of Alava, Diocese of Vitoria

«Bakartasuna» Brotherhood of the Dead (Solitude). Zeanuri

Rules of the Brotherhood of the True Cross, founded in Alonsótegui in 1882

XXIII. BURIAL PLACES AND METHODS

Internment on the homestead

Internment next to the church

Internment inside the church

Legal restrictions regarding burial in churches

The cemetery

Names

Location of the cemetery

- Next to the place of worship
- Cemeteries around chapels
- Cemeteries in the outskirts

Distribution of the cemetery area

Right of internment in the grave

Burial methods

- The burial mound
- Grave in the ground with flagstone
- The pantheon
- The crypt

Headstone

- Crosses
- Stelae

Unconsecrated ground

- Limbo
- Area for people who have committed suicide and non-believers
- Specific cases
- Civil burials

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+==== [[#Signos_fisicos_de_agonia|Physical signs of death throes]] ====
 ==== [[#El_toque_de_agonia._Agonia-kanpaia_agoniako_zeinua|Death tolls]] ====