Diferencia entre revisiones de «Indice Ritos del nacimiento al matrimonio en vasconia/en»
De Atlas Etnográfico de Vasconia
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| Línea 5: | Línea 5: | ||
=== [[Procedencia_de_los_niños_segun_las_creencias_infantiles|Childhood beliefs about where children come from]] === | === [[Procedencia_de_los_niños_segun_las_creencias_infantiles|Childhood beliefs about where children come from]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[La_cigueña._Paris|The stork. Paris]] | |
| − | + | *[[Traidos_por_la_partera_o_el_medico|Brought by the midwife or the doctor]] | |
| − | + | *[[Zerutik_ekarriak|''Zerutik ekarriak'']] | |
| − | + | *[[Encontrados_en_parajes_circundantes|Found in nearby settings]] | |
| − | + | *[[Comprados._Ume_barria_erosi|Bought]] | |
=== [[El_parto._Erditzea|Labour. Erditzea]] === | === [[El_parto._Erditzea|Labour. Erditzea]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Del_nacimiento_domestico_al_hospitalario|From home to hospital births]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ayudantes_en_el_parto|Helpers during labour]] | |
**The midwife | **The midwife | ||
**The doctor | **The doctor | ||
| − | + | *[[El_parto._Haur-egitea|Labour]] | |
**Everyday life prior to labour | **Everyday life prior to labour | ||
| Línea 37: | Línea 37: | ||
**The placenta and umbilical cord | **The placenta and umbilical cord | ||
| − | + | *[[Cuidados_de_la_puerpera|Caring for the postpartum mother]] | |
| − | + | *[[Alimentacion_de_la_recien_parida|Feeding the mother after giving birth]] | |
**Diet and convalescence period | **Diet and convalescence period | ||
| Línea 50: | Línea 50: | ||
=== [[Atenciones_al_recien_nacido|Looking after the newborn]] === | === [[Atenciones_al_recien_nacido|Looking after the newborn]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Primeros_cuidados|First care]] | |
| − | + | *[[Modelado_del_niño|Checking the child]] | |
**Head | **Head | ||
| Línea 58: | Línea 58: | ||
**Ears | **Ears | ||
| − | + | *[[Fajado_de_los_bebes._Paxa|Swaddling babies]] | |
| − | + | *[[Cautelas_observadas|Precautions taken]] | |
=== [[La_lactancia|Breastfeeding]] === | === [[La_lactancia|Breastfeeding]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Dar_el_pecho_._Bularra_eman|Nursing]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_ama_de_leche_o_de_cria|Wet-nurses]] | |
| − | + | *[[Peligros_de_la_lactante._"Coger_pelo"|Dangers for the nursing mother. "Getting hairy"]] | |
| − | + | *[[Prolongacion_de_la_lactancia|Extending breastfeeding]] | |
| − | + | *[[La_lactancia_hoy|Breastfeeding today]] | |
| − | + | *[[Inicio_de_la_alimentacion_normal|Start of normal feeding]] | |
=== [[Inhumacion_de_infantes_sin_bautizar|Burial of unbaptized infants]] === | === [[Inhumacion_de_infantes_sin_bautizar|Burial of unbaptized infants]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Bajo_el_alero_de_la_casa._Ituxurapean|Under the eaves of the house]] | |
| − | + | *[[En_el_huerto_domestico._Etxekanderearen_baratzea|In the vegetable garden]] | |
| − | + | *[[En_el_limbo_del_cementerio|In the limbo of the cemetery]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ausencia_de_ataud|Lack of coffin]] | |
| − | + | *[[Asistentes_a_la_inhumacion|People attending the burial]] | |
=== [[Apendice_1_Emaztia_esperantxetan_eta_haur_jaioberriaren_jatekoa_Nafarroa_Beherako_bi_herritan|Appendix 1: Emaztia esperantxetan eta haur jaioberriaren jatekoa Nafarroa Beherako bi herritan]] === | === [[Apendice_1_Emaztia_esperantxetan_eta_haur_jaioberriaren_jatekoa_Nafarroa_Beherako_bi_herritan|Appendix 1: Emaztia esperantxetan eta haur jaioberriaren jatekoa Nafarroa Beherako bi herritan]] === | ||
| Línea 99: | Línea 99: | ||
=== [[Conjeturas_sobre_el_sexo_del_niño|Guessing the sex of the child]] === | === [[Conjeturas_sobre_el_sexo_del_niño|Guessing the sex of the child]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Forma_del_vientre_materno|Shape of the mother's belly]] | |
| − | + | *[[Señales_en_el_rostro_de_la_madre._Manta|Signs in the face of the mother. Blanket]] | |
| − | + | *[[Evolucion_del_embarazo|Course of the pregnancy]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_paso_inicial_de_la_gestante|First step of the pregnant mother]] | |
| − | + | *[[Influencia_lunar_y_temporal_en_la_concepcion|Moon phase influence in conception]] | |
| − | + | *[[Procedimientos_adivinatorios|Divination procedures]] | |
=== [[Eleccion_del_sexo|Choosing the sex]] === | === [[Eleccion_del_sexo|Choosing the sex]] === | ||
| Línea 123: | Línea 123: | ||
=== [[Prevenciones_ante-bautismales._Ume_bedeinkatua|Pre-baptismal precautionsa]] === | === [[Prevenciones_ante-bautismales._Ume_bedeinkatua|Pre-baptismal precautionsa]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[No_besar_al_recien_nacido|Not kissing the newborn]] | |
| − | + | *[[Amuletos._Kutunak|Charms]] | |
| − | + | *[[Agua_bendita|Holy water]] | |
| − | + | *[[Amuletos_religiosos._Ebanjelioak|Religious charms]] | |
| − | + | *[[Medallas_y_otros_objetos_religiosos|Medals and other religious items]] | |
| − | + | *[[Curacion_del_mal_de_ojo._Begizkoa|Curing the evil eye]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 148: | Línea 148: | ||
=== [[Asistentes_al_bautizo|People attending the baptism]] === | === [[Asistentes_al_bautizo|People attending the baptism]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Indumentaria_del_bautizando._Bataio-arropa|Baptism apparel]] | |
| − | + | *[[Portadora_del_niño._Haurraren_eramailea|Holder of the child]] | |
==== [[Comitiva_ritual|Ritual entourage]] ==== | ==== [[Comitiva_ritual|Ritual entourage]] ==== | ||
| Línea 156: | Línea 156: | ||
=== [[Antiguo_ritual_del_bautismo|Old baptism ritual]] === | === [[Antiguo_ritual_del_bautismo|Old baptism ritual]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[A_la_entrada_de_la_iglesia|On entering the church]] | |
| − | + | *[[Camino_del_baptisterio|Way to the baptistery]] | |
| − | + | *[[En_el_baptisterio|In the baptistery]] | |
=== [[Nuevo_ritual_del_bautismo|New baptism ritual]] === | === [[Nuevo_ritual_del_bautismo|New baptism ritual]] === | ||
| Línea 168: | Línea 168: | ||
=== [[Agasajos_con_motivo_del_bautizo|Hospitality to mark the baptism]] === | === [[Agasajos_con_motivo_del_bautizo|Hospitality to mark the baptism]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Agapes_a_la_comitiva_(Alava._Bizkaia._Gipuzkoa._Vasconia_continental._Navarra)|Refreshments for the entourage (Alava. Bizkaia. Gipuzkoa. Northern Basque Country (lying within France). Navarra)]] | |
| − | + | *[[Arrebuchas._Boloak_(Navarra._Alava._Bizkaia._Gipuzkoa._Vasconia_continental)|Arrebuchas ritual where the godparents throw sweets and coins (Navarra. Alava. Bizkaia. Gipuzkoa. Northern Basque Country)]] | |
=== [[El_padrinazgo|Godparenthood]] === | === [[El_padrinazgo|Godparenthood]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Compromisos_de_los_padrinos|Undertaking of the godparents]] | |
| − | + | *[[Parentesco_espiritual_y_afinidad._Aitapontekoaren_eta_amapontekoaren_urak|Spiritual kinship and affinity]] | |
| − | + | *[[Eleccion_de_padrinos|Choice of godparents]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ofrecerse_a_ser_padrino|Offering to be a godparent]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_derecho_a_ser_padrino|The right to be a godparent]] | |
| − | + | *[[Padrino_unico|Sole godparent]] | |
| − | + | *[[Padrinos_de_conveniencia|Proxy godparents]] | |
| − | + | *[[Padrinos_a_la_ventura._Benturako_umea|Random godparents]] | |
| − | + | *[[Denominaciones_de_padrinos_y_ahijados|Names of godparents and godchildren]] | |
=== [[El_nombre_de_pila|Baptismal name]] === | === [[El_nombre_de_pila|Baptismal name]] === | ||
| Línea 196: | Línea 196: | ||
=== [[Regalos_de_los_padrinos|Gifts from the godparents]] === | === [[Regalos_de_los_padrinos|Gifts from the godparents]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Regalos_de_Pascua_y_Navidad._Pazkopilak|Christmas and Easter presents]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 203: | Línea 203: | ||
=== [[Prescripciones_durante_el_puerperio|Requirements during the postpartum period]] === | === [[Prescripciones_durante_el_puerperio|Requirements during the postpartum period]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Protegerse_con_la_teja._Teila_buruan|Using cloth pads as protection]] | |
=== [[Bendicion_de_la_madre|Blessing the mother]] === | === [[Bendicion_de_la_madre|Blessing the mother]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[La_Purificacion_de_la_Virgen_como_arquetipo|The Purification of the Virgin Mary as the archetype]] | |
| − | + | *[[Denominaciones51|Names]] | |
| − | + | *[[Duracion_de_la_cuarentena|Length of the postpartum quarantine]] | |
| − | + | *[[Rito_de_entrada_en_la_iglesia._Elizan_sartzea|Churching ritual]] | |
=== [[La_visita_a_la_puerpera_y_la_celebracion_de_la_salida_del_puerperio_martopilak_ermakeriak|Visiting the postpartum mother and celebrating the end of the postpartum period]] === | === [[La_visita_a_la_puerpera_y_la_celebracion_de_la_salida_del_puerperio_martopilak_ermakeriak|Visiting the postpartum mother and celebrating the end of the postpartum period]] === | ||
| Línea 226: | Línea 226: | ||
=== [[La_cuna._Sehaska|The cradle. ''Sehaska'']] === | === [[La_cuna._Sehaska|The cradle. ''Sehaska'']] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Cunas_de_madera._Zurezko_kumak|Wooden cradles]] | |
| − | + | *[[Cunas_de_mimbre_El_moises._Ziazko_kumak|Wicker cradles: Moses basket]] | |
| − | + | *[[Camas-cuna|Cots]] | |
| − | + | *[[Cunas_vicarias._La_media_fanega|Substitute cradles. The half bushel]] | |
| − | + | *[[Colchon_y_ropa_de_cuna._Ume-izarak|Cradle mattress and linen]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_balanceo_de_la_cuna|Rocking the cradle]] | |
| − | + | *[[Fabricacion_de_la_cuna|Making the cradle]] | |
| − | + | *[[Cunas_mas_recientes|More recent cradles]] | |
=== [[El_cuidado_del_niño|Looking after the child]] === | === [[El_cuidado_del_niño|Looking after the child]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[El_paseo_en_tiempos_pasados|Taking the baby for a stroll in the past]] | |
| − | + | *[[Las_primeras_salidas_de_casa|The first outings]] | |
| − | + | *[[Procedimientos_tradicionales_para_llevar_al_niño|Traditional ways for carrying the child]] | |
| − | + | *[[Personas_al_cuidado_del_niño_|People looking after the child ]] | |
**The women of the household | **The women of the household | ||
| Línea 256: | Línea 256: | ||
**Nursemaids | **Nursemaids | ||
| − | + | *[[El_paseo_del_niño_en_la_actualidad|Taking the child for a walk nowadays]] | |
=== [[Las_iniciaciones_del_niño|Childhood development milestones]] === | === [[Las_iniciaciones_del_niño|Childhood development milestones]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Los_primeros_pasos._Katu-katuka|The first steps]] | |
**Learning implements. Baby walker | **Learning implements. Baby walker | ||
**Popular beliefs | **Popular beliefs | ||
| − | + | *[[El_balbuceo_del_niño|Infant babbling]] | |
**Helping to start talking | **Helping to start talking | ||
**Popular beliefs | **Popular beliefs | ||
| − | + | *[[La_primera_denticion._Lehenengo_txantxurrak|Cutting the first teeth]] | |
| − | + | *[[Caida_de_los_primeros_dientes|Losing baby teeth]] | |
**Tooth, baby tooth | **Tooth, baby tooth | ||
| Línea 279: | Línea 279: | ||
=== [[El_aniversario_del_nacimiento|The anniversary of the birth]] === | === [[El_aniversario_del_nacimiento|The anniversary of the birth]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[El_cumpleaños._(Santu)_eguna|Birthday]] | |
| − | + | *[[Regalos_de_cumpleaños|Birthday presents]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 288: | Línea 288: | ||
=== [[Asistencia_a_la_escuela|Attending school]] === | === [[Asistencia_a_la_escuela|Attending school]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Iniciacion_escolar_ordinaria|Ordinary school starting age]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ingreso_escolar_tardio|Starting school late]] | |
| − | + | *[[Iniciacion_escolar_temprana|Early school starting age]] | |
| − | + | *[[Absentismo_escolar|Truancy]] | |
=== [[Primera_comunion._Lehenengo_Jaunartzea|First Communion]] === | === [[Primera_comunion._Lehenengo_Jaunartzea|First Communion]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Komunio_txikia_eta_komunio_haundia._Comunion_privada_y_comunion_solemne|Private communion and high mass communion]] | |
| − | + | *[[Primera_comunion_unica|First Communion alone]] | |
| − | + | *[[Fechas_de_celebracion_de_la_primera_comunion|Dates of holding the First Communion]] | |
| − | + | *[[Rito_de_paso_a_la_adolescencia._Orain_gizon_egin_zara|Rite of passage to adolescence]] | |
| − | + | *[[Vestidos_de_primera_comunion|First Communion dresses]] | |
**Former attire | **Former attire | ||
**First Communion suit | **First Communion suit | ||
| − | + | *[[Banquete_de_primera_comunion._Komunioko_bazkaria|First Communion reception]] | |
**Hot chocolate breakfast | **Hot chocolate breakfast | ||
| Línea 317: | Línea 317: | ||
**The First Communion reception today | **The First Communion reception today | ||
| − | + | *[[Regalos_de_primera_comunion._Ikustatea|First Communion presents]] | |
**Collecting in the neighbourhood | **Collecting in the neighbourhood | ||
| Línea 324: | Línea 324: | ||
=== [[Confirmacion._Sendotza|Confirmation]] === | === [[Confirmacion._Sendotza|Confirmation]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[La_confirmacion_rito_de_entrada_en_la_juventud|Confirmation, rite of entry into youth]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebracion_de_la_confirmacion|Celebration of the Confirmation]] | |
| − | + | *[[La_confirmacion_en_tiempos_pasados|Confirmation in the past]] | |
**The pastoral visit | **The pastoral visit | ||
| Línea 336: | Línea 336: | ||
=== [[Trabajos_domesticos_realizados_por_los_niños|Housework done by children]] === | === [[Trabajos_domesticos_realizados_por_los_niños|Housework done by children]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Iniciacion_infantil_en_las_labores_domesticas._Etxean_lagundu|Initiating children in housework]] | |
| − | + | *[[Tareas_comunes_a_niños_y_niñas|Common tasks for boys and girls]] | |
| − | + | *[[Labores_encomendadas_a_las_niñas|Jobs entrusted to girls]] | |
**''Urzayas'' | **''Urzayas'' | ||
| − | + | *[[Trabajos_propios_de_los_niños|Jobs done by boys]] | |
| − | + | *[[Los_trabajos_infantiles_en_la_actualidad|Children's chores today]] | |
=== [[Juegos_y_actividades_infantiles|Children activities and games]] === | === [[Juegos_y_actividades_infantiles|Children activities and games]] === | ||
| Línea 359: | Línea 359: | ||
=== [[La_moceria._Herriko_gazteria|The ''mocería'' youth association]] === | === [[La_moceria._Herriko_gazteria|The ''mocería'' youth association]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Mocerias_en_Alava|''Mocerías'' in Alava]] | |
**''Mocerías'' at the turn of the century | **''Mocerías'' at the turn of the century | ||
| − | + | *[[Mocerias_en_Navarra|''Mocerías'' in Navarra]] | |
| − | + | *[[Actividades_comunes_de_los_jovenes_en_otros_territorios|Communal activities of young people in other parts of the Basque Country]] | |
=== [[Atuendos_y_tocados|Outfits and headwear]] === | === [[Atuendos_y_tocados|Outfits and headwear]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[El_baile._Dantza|Dancing. Dantza]] | |
| − | + | *[[Edad_de_comienzo|Start age]] | |
| − | + | *[[Lugares_de_baile_la_plaza__herriko_plaza|Dance venues: the square]] | |
| − | + | *[[Horarios_de_baile|Dance times]] | |
| − | + | *[[Clases_de_bailes|Dance classes]] | |
**Dancing alone | **Dancing alone | ||
**Partner dances | **Partner dances | ||
| − | + | *[[Apertura_y_cierre_del_baile|Starting and ending the dance]] | |
**The ''bastonero'' (dance master) | **The ''bastonero'' (dance master) | ||
| − | + | *[[Organizacion_del_baile|Organisation of the dance]] | |
| − | + | *[[Inicio_del_baile_y_emparejamiento|Start of the dance and pairing]] | |
| − | + | *[[Instrumentos_musicales|Musical instruments]] | |
**Instruments from the past | **Instruments from the past | ||
| Línea 400: | Línea 400: | ||
**Modern instruments | **Modern instruments | ||
| − | + | *[[El_baile_en_romerias_y_fiestas_patronales|Dancing during pilgrimages and patron saint's festivities]] | |
| − | + | *[[Bailes_privados|Private dances]] | |
**Casinos, societies and social circles | **Casinos, societies and social circles | ||
| Línea 408: | Línea 408: | ||
**Discotheques and night clubs | **Discotheques and night clubs | ||
| − | + | *[[Limitaciones_a_la_libertad_de_bailar|Restrictions on freedom to dance]] | |
**Coercion of conscience | **Coercion of conscience | ||
| Línea 414: | Línea 414: | ||
**Lent and mourning | **Lent and mourning | ||
| − | + | *[[Transiciones_contemporaneas|Contemporary transitions]] | |
=== [[El_servicio_militar_obligatorio._Soldadutza|Compulsory military service]] === | === [[El_servicio_militar_obligatorio._Soldadutza|Compulsory military service]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Despedida_de_quintos|Departure of the ''quintos'' (conscripts)]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebraciones_de_quintos|Conscript celebrations]] | |
=== [[La_puesta_de_largo|Presentation to society]] === | === [[La_puesta_de_largo|Presentation to society]] === | ||
| Línea 426: | Línea 426: | ||
=== [[Asociaciones_religiosas_de_jovenes|Youth religious associations]] === | === [[Asociaciones_religiosas_de_jovenes|Youth religious associations]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Congregacion_de_Hijas_de_Maria._Mariaren_alabak|Congregation of the Daughters of Mary]] | |
| − | + | *[[Congregacion_de_San_Luis_Gonzaga._Luistarrak|Congregation of San Luis Gonzaga]] | |
| − | + | *[[Otras_asociaciones_juveniles|Other youth associations]] | |
=== [[Apendice_Reglamento_que_ha_de_regir_en_la_organizacion_de_las_cuadrillas_o_Sociedades._San_Martin_de_Unx_9_de_enero_1885|Appendix:Regulations for organising cuadrillas (companies of friends) or Societies. San Martín de Unx, 9 January 1885]] === | === [[Apendice_Reglamento_que_ha_de_regir_en_la_organizacion_de_las_cuadrillas_o_Sociedades._San_Martin_de_Unx_9_de_enero_1885|Appendix:Regulations for organising cuadrillas (companies of friends) or Societies. San Martín de Unx, 9 January 1885]] === | ||
| Línea 439: | Línea 439: | ||
=== [[Lugares_y_ocasiones_de_encuentro|Meeting places and opportunities]] === | === [[Lugares_y_ocasiones_de_encuentro|Meeting places and opportunities]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Puntos_de_encuentro_en_tiempos_pasados|Meeting points in the past]] | |
**When working | **When working | ||
| Línea 445: | Línea 445: | ||
**At the end of religious ceremonies | **At the end of religious ceremonies | ||
| − | + | *[[El_baile|Dances]] | |
| − | + | *[[Acompañamiento_a_casa._Neska_laguntzea|Accompanying the girl home]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_paseo|Walking out]] | |
=== [[Juegos_de_emparejamiento|Matchmaking games]] === | === [[Juegos_de_emparejamiento|Matchmaking games]] === | ||
| Línea 457: | Línea 457: | ||
=== [[Rondas_y_galanteos_a_las_mozas|Courting dances and wooing of young women]] === | === [[Rondas_y_galanteos_a_las_mozas|Courting dances and wooing of young women]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Rondas_nocturnas|Night courting dances]] | |
| − | + | *[[Rondas_por_Santa_Agueda|St. Agatha courting dance]] | |
| − | + | *[[Rondas_por_San_Juan|St. John courting dance]] | |
| − | + | *[[Galanteo|Wooing]] | |
=== [[Elaboracion_de_roscas._Piperopilak|Preparing doughnuts]] === | === [[Elaboracion_de_roscas._Piperopilak|Preparing doughnuts]] === | ||
| Línea 471: | Línea 471: | ||
=== [[Iniciativa_en_las_relaciones|Taking the lead in relations]] === | === [[Iniciativa_en_las_relaciones|Taking the lead in relations]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[La_mediacion._Errekadua_bota|Matchmaking]] | |
**Friends or relatives | **Friends or relatives | ||
**Matchmakers | **Matchmakers | ||
| − | + | *[[Matrimonios_convenidos_por_los_padres|Marriages arranged by the parents]] | |
**Matches guided by economic interests | **Matches guided by economic interests | ||
| Línea 482: | Línea 482: | ||
**Arranged liaisons | **Arranged liaisons | ||
| − | + | *[[Interrupcion_del_noviazgo_por_presiones_paternas|Parental pressure ending the courtship]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 489: | Línea 489: | ||
=== [[Formulas_de_declaracion._Babarrunak_jan|Ways of proposing]] === | === [[Formulas_de_declaracion._Babarrunak_jan|Ways of proposing]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Intercambio_de_objetos._Seinalea_emon|Exchanging objects]] | |
=== [[Formalizacion_del_noviazgo._Ezkongaiak|Formalising the courtship]] === | === [[Formalizacion_del_noviazgo._Ezkongaiak|Formalising the courtship]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Valor_del_noviazgo_y_su_ruptura|Value of the courtship and its ending]] | |
| − | + | *[[Citas_de_novios|Sweethearts meeting]] | |
**Meeting place | **Meeting place | ||
| Línea 504: | Línea 504: | ||
=== [[Ambito_del_noviazgo|Realm of the courtship]] === | === [[Ambito_del_noviazgo|Realm of the courtship]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Matrimonios_consanguineos|Intermarriage]] | |
| − | + | *[[Endogamia_local|Local inbreeding]] | |
| − | + | *[[Tributo_al_novio_forastero|Levy on a groom from another area]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 519: | Línea 519: | ||
>[[ALAVA| ALAVA]] | >[[ALAVA| ALAVA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Las_mandas_o_la_carta_matrimonial|The ''mandas'' or marriage settlement]] | |
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_las_mandas|Contents of the settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebracion_de_las_mandas|Entering into the settlements]] | |
>[[BIZKAIA| BIZKAIA]] | >[[BIZKAIA| BIZKAIA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Capitulaciones_matrimoniales|Marriage settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_las_capitulaciones|Contents of the settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Kontratuko_bazkaria|''Kontratuko bazkaria'']] | |
>[[GIPUZKOA| GIPUZKOA]] | >[[GIPUZKOA| GIPUZKOA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[El_mayorazgo_maiorazgua|The entailed estate]] | |
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_las_capitulaciones|Contents of the settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebracion_de_las_capitulaciones|Entering into the settlements]] | |
>[[VASCONIA_CONTINENTAL| NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY]] | >[[VASCONIA_CONTINENTAL| NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Le_contrat_de_mariage._Akordioak|The marriage contract]] | |
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_las_capitulaciones|Contents of the settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Kontratuko_apairua|''Kontratuko apairua'']] | |
>[[NAVARRA| NAVARRA]] | >[[NAVARRA| NAVARRA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Capitulaciones_matrimoniales|Marriage settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_las_capitulaciones|Contents of the settlements]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebracion_de_las_capitulaciones|Entering into the settlements]] | |
=== [[Capitulaciones_matrimoniales_a_principios_de_siglo|Marriage settlements at the turn of the century]] === | === [[Capitulaciones_matrimoniales_a_principios_de_siglo|Marriage settlements at the turn of the century]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[El_contrato_matrimonial|The marriage contract]] | |
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_las_capitulaciones|Contents of the settlements]] | |
**As regards the people | **As regards the people | ||
| Línea 570: | Línea 570: | ||
>[[ALAVA| ALAVA]] | >[[ALAVA| ALAVA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[La_dote|The dowry]] | |
| − | + | *[[Consecuencias_de_la_ruptura|Consequences of a rupture]] | |
>[[BIZKAIA| BIZKAIA]] | >[[BIZKAIA| BIZKAIA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[La_dote_dotea|The dowry]] | |
| − | + | *[[Consecuencias_de_la_ruptura|Consequences of a rupture]] | |
>[[GIPUZKOA| GIPUZKOA]] | >[[GIPUZKOA| GIPUZKOA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[La_dote_ezkonsaria|The dowry]] | |
| − | + | *[[Consecuencias_de_la_ruptura|Consequences of a rupture]] | |
>[[VASCONIA_CONTINENTAL| NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY]] | >[[VASCONIA_CONTINENTAL| NORTHERN BASQUE COUNTRY]] | ||
| − | + | *[[La_dote_truzoa_eta_sosa|The dowry]] | |
| − | + | *[[Consecuencias_de_la_ruptura|Consequences of a rupture]] | |
>[[NAVARRA| NAVARRA]] | >[[NAVARRA| NAVARRA]] | ||
| − | + | *[[La_dote|The dowry]] | |
| − | + | *[[Consecuencias_de_la_ruptura|Consequences of a rupture]] | |
=== [[La_dote_a_principios_de_siglo|Dowry at the turn of the century]] === | === [[La_dote_a_principios_de_siglo|Dowry at the turn of the century]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Contenido_de_la_dote|Contents of the dowry]] | |
| − | + | *[[Constitucion_de_la_dote|Setting up the dowry]] | |
**Handing over the dowry | **Handing over the dowry | ||
| Línea 614: | Línea 614: | ||
=== [[Proclamas._Deiuneak|Banns]] === | === [[Proclamas._Deiuneak|Banns]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Publicacion_de_las_proclamas|Publication of the banns]] | |
| − | + | *[[Costumbres_en_el_periodo_de_proclamas|Customs during the banns of marriage period]] | |
**Congratulating | **Congratulating | ||
**''Bota-eguna'' | **''Bota-eguna'' | ||
| − | + | *[[Coplas_a_los_novios._Toberak|Ballads to the bride and groom]] | |
=== [[Despedida_de_soltero|Stag/hen party]] === | === [[Despedida_de_soltero|Stag/hen party]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Celebracion_en_tiempos_pasados|Celebration in the past]] | |
| − | + | *[[La_despedida_de_soltero_hoy|The stag/hen party today]] | |
=== [[Padrinos_de_boda|''Padrinos'' or wedding sponsors]] === | === [[Padrinos_de_boda|''Padrinos'' or wedding sponsors]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Designacion_de_los_padrinos|Choice of the wedding sponsors]] | |
| − | + | *[[Obligaciones_de_los_padrinos|Obligations of the wedding sponsors]] | |
=== [[Invitaciones_de_boda|Wedding invitations]] === | === [[Invitaciones_de_boda|Wedding invitations]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Incremento_del_numero_de_invitados|Increase in the number of guests]] | |
| − | + | *[[Comunicacion_de_las_invitaciones|Sending out the invitations]] | |
=== [[Obsequios_de_boda|Wedding gifts]] === | === [[Obsequios_de_boda|Wedding gifts]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Regalos_entre_los_novios|Gifts between the bride and groom]] | |
| − | + | *[[Regalos_de_los_invitados|Gifts from the guests]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 652: | Línea 652: | ||
=== [[Tiempo_y_lugar_del_casamiento|Time and place of the marriage]] === | === [[Tiempo_y_lugar_del_casamiento|Time and place of the marriage]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Las_bodas_dentro_del_año|Weddings within the year]] | |
| − | + | *[[Boda_de_luto|Mourning wedding]] | |
| − | + | *[[Dias_y_horas_de_celebracion|Dates and times held]] | |
| − | + | *[[Lugar_de_celebracion|Venue]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ornamentacion_de_la_iglesia|Decoration of the church]] | |
| − | + | *[[Musica_y_cantos_durante_la_ceremonia|Music and songs during the ceremony]] | |
=== [[El_cortejo_nupcial|The wedding entourage]] === | === [[El_cortejo_nupcial|The wedding entourage]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[El_cortejo_en_Vasconia_peninsular|The wedding entourage in the Southern Basque Country (lying within Spain)]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_cortejo_en_Vasconia_continental|The wedding entourage in the Northern Basque Country]] | |
**Symbolic levy on a groom from another area | **Symbolic levy on a groom from another area | ||
| − | + | *[[El_cortejo_nupcial_hoy|The wedding entourage today]] | |
| − | + | *[[Indumentaria_de_los_asistentes_a_la_boda|Attire of the wedding guests]] | |
**The bride's wedding dress | **The bride's wedding dress | ||
| Línea 688: | Línea 688: | ||
=== [[La_ceremonia_religiosa._Eliz-ezkontza|The religious ceremony]] === | === [[La_ceremonia_religiosa._Eliz-ezkontza|The religious ceremony]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[En_el_portico_del_templo|In the church porch]] | |
**The marriage | **The marriage | ||
**Blessing of bands and rings | **Blessing of bands and rings | ||
| − | + | *[[En_la_iglesia|In the church]] | |
**Nuptial mass | **Nuptial mass | ||
| − | + | *[[La_ceremonia_religiosa_actual|The religious ceremony today]] | |
| − | + | *[[Acta_del_matrimonio|Marriage certificate]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ofrenda_del_ramo_de_la_novia|Offering the bridal bouquet]] | |
=== [[Felicitaciones_homenaje_y_obsequios|Congratulations, tribute and gifts]] === | === [[Felicitaciones_homenaje_y_obsequios|Congratulations, tribute and gifts]] === | ||
| Línea 711: | Línea 711: | ||
=== [[Matrimonio_civil._Ezkontza_zibila|Civil marriage]] === | === [[Matrimonio_civil._Ezkontza_zibila|Civil marriage]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Ceremonia|Ceremony]] | |
| − | + | *[[Valoracion_actual_del_matrimonio_civil|Current acceptance of civil marriage]] | |
**Frequency of civil marriages | **Frequency of civil marriages | ||
| Línea 726: | Línea 726: | ||
=== [[El_arreo_y_el_carro_de_boda._Eztai-gurdia|Wedding cart and chattels]] === | === [[El_arreo_y_el_carro_de_boda._Eztai-gurdia|Wedding cart and chattels]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[El_carro_de_boda_en_los_textos_etnograficos_antiguos|The wedding cart in old ethnographic texts]] | |
| − | + | *[[El_carro_de_boda_en_la_encuesta_Etniker|The wedding cart in the Etniker survey]] | |
| − | + | *[[Otras_formas_de_transportar_el_arreo|Other ways of transporting the bride's chattels]] | |
=== [[Conduccion_del_conyuge_adventicio_al_domicilio_conyugal|Driving the non-local spouse to the marital home]] === | === [[Conduccion_del_conyuge_adventicio_al_domicilio_conyugal|Driving the non-local spouse to the marital home]] === | ||
| Línea 747: | Línea 747: | ||
=== [[Duracion_de_las_celebraciones_de_boda|Length of the wedding celebrations]] === | === [[Duracion_de_las_celebraciones_de_boda|Length of the wedding celebrations]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Celebraciones_de_mas_de_dos_dias|Celebrations of over two days]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebraciones_de_dos_dias|Two-day celebrations]] | |
| − | + | *[[Celebraciones_de_un_solo_dia|Celebrations of just one day]] | |
=== [[Celebraciones_sin_banquete|Celebrations without a wedding reception]] === | === [[Celebraciones_sin_banquete|Celebrations without a wedding reception]] === | ||
| Línea 757: | Línea 757: | ||
=== [[Grandes_banquetes|Large receptions]] === | === [[Grandes_banquetes|Large receptions]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Lugares_de_celebracion|Venues]] | |
**Home receptions | **Home receptions | ||
**Receptions outside the home | **Receptions outside the home | ||
| − | + | *[[Preparacion_de_los_locales|Preparing the venues]] | |
| − | + | *[[Elaboracion_de_platos_y_servicio|Preparing dishes and service]] | |
| − | + | *[[Pago_del_banquete|Paying for the reception]] | |
| − | + | *[[Composicion_del_banquete|Composition of the reception]] | |
| − | + | *[[Disposicion_de_los_invitados_en_la_mesa|Seating of the guests at the table]] | |
**Home weddings | **Home weddings | ||
**Weddings outside the home | **Weddings outside the home | ||
| − | + | *[[Ritos_observados_en_el_banquete_de_boda|Rituals during the wedding reception]] | |
**Rituals at the start of the reception | **Rituals at the start of the reception | ||
| Línea 783: | Línea 783: | ||
**Gifts to the guests | **Gifts to the guests | ||
| − | + | *[[Otras_costumbres_relacionadas_con_el_banquete_nupcial|Other customs related to the wedding reception]] | |
=== [[Costumbres_de_la_noche_de_bodas|Wedding night customs]] === | === [[Costumbres_de_la_noche_de_bodas|Wedding night customs]] === | ||
| Línea 792: | Línea 792: | ||
=== [[Viaje_de_novios|Honeymoon]] === | === [[Viaje_de_novios|Honeymoon]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Partida_de_los_novios|The couple's departure]] | |
| − | + | *[[Viajes_de_corta_duracion|Short trips]] | |
| − | + | *[[Visitas_a_familiares|Visiting relatives]] | |
| − | + | *[[Viajes_de_larga_duracion|Long trips]] | |
=== [[Ofrenda_postnupcial|Post-wedding offering]] === | === [[Ofrenda_postnupcial|Post-wedding offering]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Ofrendas_funerarias_propter_nuptias._Eleiz_hartzea|Propter nuptias funeral offering]] | |
**Gipuzkoa | **Gipuzkoa | ||
| Línea 810: | Línea 810: | ||
**Northern Basque Country | **Northern Basque Country | ||
| − | + | *[[Transiciones_contemporaneas|Contemporary transitions]] | |
=== [[Comidas_de_tornaboda|Post-wedding meals]] === | === [[Comidas_de_tornaboda|Post-wedding meals]] === | ||
| Línea 816: | Línea 816: | ||
=== [[Apendice_Descripciones_de_bodas_en_los_distintos_territorios_de_Vasconia|Appendix: Descriptions of weddings in the different areas of the Basque Country]] === | === [[Apendice_Descripciones_de_bodas_en_los_distintos_territorios_de_Vasconia|Appendix: Descriptions of weddings in the different areas of the Basque Country]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[La_noce_au_Pays_de_Soule_aux_annees_20|La noce au Pays de Soule aux années 20]] | |
| − | + | *[[Gipuzkoako_Elosuan_1932.ean_egin_ziren_ezkontza-eztei_batzuen_berri|Gipuzkoako Elosuan 1932.ean egin ziren ezkontza-eztei batzuen berri]] | |
| − | + | *[[Una_boda_en_la_localidad_labortana_de_Sara_en_1943|A wedding in the town of Sara in Labourd in 1943]] | |
| − | + | *[[Una_boda_en_la_localidad_alavesa_de_Moreda_en_1991|A wedding in the town of Moreda in Álava in 1991]] | |
| − | + | *[[Bizkaiko_Ajangizen_1993.ean_egin_ziran_ezkontza-eztegu_batzuren_barri|Bizkaiko Ajangizen 1993.ean egin ziran ezkontza-eztegu batzuren barri]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 831: | Línea 831: | ||
=== [[La_solteria|Unmarried status]] === | === [[La_solteria|Unmarried status]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Causas_de_la_solteria|Reasons for being unmarried]] | |
| − | + | *[[Resistencia_al_modo_de_vida_rural|Resistance to the rural way of life]] | |
| − | + | *[[Integracion_de_los_solteros_en_la_casa|Integration of unmarried people in the home]] | |
| − | + | *[[Consideracion_social_de_los_solteros|Social standing of unmarried people]] | |
| − | + | *[[Matrimonio_y_procreacion|Marriage and procreation]] | |
=== [[El_celibato_religioso|Religious celibacy]] === | === [[El_celibato_religioso|Religious celibacy]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Rito_de_profesion_religiosa|Rite of Religious Progression]] | |
| − | + | *[[La_carrera_sacerdotal|Ecclesiastical career]] | |
=== [[Casamiento_de_viudos_y_viejos|Marriage of widows and widowers]] === | === [[Casamiento_de_viudos_y_viejos|Marriage of widows and widowers]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Cencerradas_tzintzarrotsak_galarrosak|Cencerradas - banging on pots and pans]] | |
**Northern Basque Country | **Northern Basque Country | ||
| Línea 857: | Línea 857: | ||
**Navarra | **Navarra | ||
| − | + | *[[Reaccion_ante_las_cencerradas|Reaction to the ''cencerradas'']] | |
| − | + | *[[Prohibiciones_civiles_y_eclesiasticas|Church and civil prohibitions]] | |
  |   | ||
| Línea 866: | Línea 866: | ||
=== [[Uniones_libres|Common-law unions]] === | === [[Uniones_libres|Common-law unions]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Frecuencia_y_aceptacion|Frequency and acceptance]] | |
| − | + | *[[Recursos_para_soslayar_la_presion_social|Resources to circumvent social pressure]] | |
=== [[Madres_solteras|Single mothers]] === | === [[Madres_solteras|Single mothers]] === | ||
| Línea 874: | Línea 874: | ||
=== [[Hijos_naturales|Illegitimate children]] === | === [[Hijos_naturales|Illegitimate children]] === | ||
| − | + | *[[Bautizo|Baptism]] | |
| − | + | *[[Destino_de_los_niños|Fate of the children]] | |
=== [[El_adulterio|Adultery]] === | === [[El_adulterio|Adultery]] === | ||
Revisión del 10:20 21 feb 2019
Contenido de esta página
- 1 I. BIRTH. JAIOTZA
- 1.1 Childhood beliefs about where children come from
- 1.2 Labour. Erditzea
- 1.3 Announcing the birth
- 1.4 Holding and showing the child
- 1.5 Looking after the newborn
- 1.6 Breastfeeding
- 1.7 Burial of unbaptized infants
- 1.8 Appendix 1: Emaztia esperantxetan eta haur jaioberriaren jatekoa Nafarroa Beherako bi herritan
- 1.9 Appendix 2: Couvade
- 2 II. BELIEFS RELATED TO THE BIRTH
- 3 III. BAPTISM. BATAIOA
- 4 IV. POSTPARTUM PERIOD
- 5 V. EARLY CHILDHOOD. HAURTZAROA
- 6 VI. CHILDHOOD AND PUBERTY
- 7 VII. YOUTH
- 8 VIII. START OF THE LOVE RELATIONSHIP
- 9 IX. COURTSHIP
- 10 X. MARRIAGE SETTLEMENTS
- 11 XI. WEDDING ARRANGEMENTS
- 12 XII. THE WEDDING
- 12.1 Time and place of the marriage
- 12.2 The wedding entourage
- 12.3 The religious ceremony
- 12.4 Congratulations, tribute and gifts
- 12.5 Return of the wedding entourage
- 12.6 Wedding photographs
- 12.7 Civil marriage
- 12.8 Appendix 1: Civil marriage form in the Southern Basque Country
- 12.9 Appendix 2: Ezkontza euskeraz Herriko Etxean (lparraldean)
- 13 XIII. ENTERING THE MARITAL HOME. ETXE-SARTZEA
- 14 XIV. THE WEDDING RECEPTION
- 15 XV. POST-WEDDING OFFERING AND CELEBRATIONS
- 16 XVI. UNMARRIED STATUS AND CELIBACY. MARRIAGE OF WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS
- 17 XVII. COMMON-LAW UNIONS AND ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN
I. BIRTH. JAIOTZA
Childhood beliefs about where children come from
Labour. Erditzea
- The midwife
- The doctor
- Everyday life prior to labour
- The position when giving birth
- The action of giving birth
- Preparations
- Labour
- Delivery
- Labour alone
- The placenta and umbilical cord
- Diet and convalescence period
- Harmful and beneficial food
Announcing the birth
Holding and showing the child
Looking after the newborn
- Head
- Straightening the nose
- Ears
Breastfeeding
Burial of unbaptized infants
Appendix 1: Emaztia esperantxetan eta haur jaioberriaren jatekoa Nafarroa Beherako bi herritan
Appendix 2: Couvade
II. BELIEFS RELATED TO THE BIRTH
Cravings. Influence on the child
Guessing the sex of the child
Choosing the sex
Different beliefs about pregnancy and labour
Intercession of the saints for a safe labour
Importance of the moment of the birth
Child healer
Pre-baptismal precautionsa
III. BAPTISM. BATAIOA
Baptising newborns
Delaying baptism
Baptistery. Pontea
Emergency baptism
People attending the baptism
Ritual entourage
Old baptism ritual
New baptism ritual
Offerings and gifts
Hospitality to mark the baptism
Godparenthood
Baptismal name
Gifts from the godparents
IV. POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Requirements during the postpartum period
Blessing the mother
Visiting the postpartum mother and celebrating the end of the postpartum period
Offering up of children in chapels and at shrines
Appendix: Blessing the mother ritual
V. EARLY CHILDHOOD. HAURTZAROA
The cradle. Sehaska
Looking after the child
- The women of the household
- Babysitters
- Nursemaids
Childhood development milestones
- Learning implements. Baby walker
- Popular beliefs
- Helping to start talking
- Popular beliefs
- Tooth, baby tooth
- Gift for lost tooth
The anniversary of the birth
VI. CHILDHOOD AND PUBERTY
Attending school
First Communion
- Former attire
- First Communion suit
- Hot chocolate breakfast
- Family refreshments
- The First Communion reception today
- Collecting in the neighbourhood
- Communion gifts today
Confirmation
- The pastoral visit
- Confirmation at an indeterminate age
- Farcical formulas of the Confirmation
Housework done by children
- Urzayas
Children activities and games
Appendix 1: The Communion day and the Administration of the Confirmation in Sara (L)
Appendix 2: Notes on the school system and literacy
VII. YOUTH
The mocería youth association
- Mocerías at the turn of the century
Outfits and headwear
- Dancing alone
- Partner dances
- The bastonero (dance master)
- Instruments from the past
- Trikitrixa and accordion
- Txistu and drum, bagpipes and dulzaina double reed instrument
- Dance orchestras and municipal bands
- Modern instruments
- Casinos, societies and social circles
- Dance parties
- Discotheques and night clubs
- Coercion of conscience
- Reproaching the congregants
- Lent and mourning
Compulsory military service
Presentation to society
Youth religious associations
Appendix:Regulations for organising cuadrillas (companies of friends) or Societies. San Martín de Unx, 9 January 1885
VIII. START OF THE LOVE RELATIONSHIP
Meeting places and opportunities
- When working
- The fountain
- At the end of religious ceremonies
Matchmaking games
Rites and prayers to find a suitor
Courting dances and wooing of young women
Preparing doughnuts
Propitious time to start relations
Taking the lead in relations
- Friends or relatives
- Matchmakers
- Matches guided by economic interests
- Calling
- Arranged liaisons
IX. COURTSHIP
Ways of proposing
Formalising the courtship
- Meeting place
- Meeting days
Relationships between the couple and their single friends
Realm of the courtship
X. MARRIAGE SETTLEMENTS
Request for the woman's hand in marriage
Marriage settlements
> ALAVA
> BIZKAIA
> GIPUZKOA
> NAVARRA
Marriage settlements at the turn of the century
- As regards the people
- As regards the goods
The dowry
> ALAVA
> BIZKAIA
> GIPUZKOA
> NAVARRA
Dowry at the turn of the century
- Handing over the dowry
- Compensation in case of rupture
XI. WEDDING ARRANGEMENTS
Requirements to get married
Banns
- Congratulating
- Bota-eguna
Stag/hen party
Padrinos or wedding sponsors
Wedding invitations
Wedding gifts
XII. THE WEDDING
Time and place of the marriage
The wedding entourage
- Symbolic levy on a groom from another area
- The bride's wedding dress
- Until the middle of the century
- Prevalence of the white dress
- Headwear and ornaments
- Mourning
- The groom's suit
- Attire of the guests
The religious ceremony
- The marriage
- Blessing of bands and rings
- Nuptial mass
Congratulations, tribute and gifts
Return of the wedding entourage
Wedding photographs
Civil marriage
- Frequency of civil marriages
Appendix 1: Civil marriage form in the Southern Basque Country
Appendix 2: Ezkontza euskeraz Herriko Etxean (lparraldean)
XIII. ENTERING THE MARITAL HOME. ETXE-SARTZEA
Wedding cart and chattels
Driving the non-local spouse to the marital home
Rites when entering the new home
Inventory and displaying the chattels
XIV. THE WEDDING RECEPTION
Guests to the reception
Involvement of young men in the wedding
Length of the wedding celebrations
Celebrations without a wedding reception
Large receptions
- Home receptions
- Receptions outside the home
- Home weddings
- Weddings outside the home
- Rituals at the start of the reception
- Rituals during the reception
- Dancing
- Singing
- Gifts to the guests
Wedding night customs
XV. POST-WEDDING OFFERING AND CELEBRATIONS
Honeymoon
Post-wedding offering
- Gipuzkoa
- Bizkaia
- Alava
- Navarra
- Northern Basque Country
Post-wedding meals
Appendix: Descriptions of weddings in the different areas of the Basque Country
XVI. UNMARRIED STATUS AND CELIBACY. MARRIAGE OF WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS
Unmarried status
Religious celibacy
Marriage of widows and widowers
- Northern Basque Country
- Gipuzkoa
- Bizkaia
- Alava
- Navarra
