Table of contents

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I. HEALTH AND POPULAR THOUGHT

The body

    • Hair colour
    • Hair and illness
    • Qualities attributed to the eye colour
    • Eye colour and illness
    • Fatness
    • Build
    • Other health signs
    • Types of temperament
    • Basque categories

Environmental influence

    • Night air
    • Night dew and dampness
    • Winds

Seasonal changes and phases of the moon

    • Burning sugar, alcohol and incense
    • Burning and boiling herbs
    • Health and unhealthy food
    • Harmful food previously considered to be healthy
    • Comfort food and drinks
    • Refreshing food and drinks
    • Intake of food
    • Curative virtues of water

Name of the illnesses

Contemporary transitions

II. SYMPTOMS AND GENERAL REMEDIES

Fever or temperature

    • Fever in childhood illnesses
    • Typhoid fever
    • Malta fever
    • Apply cold presses and take baths
    • Infusions and bloodletting
    • Intake of liquids and food
    • Other remedies

Sweating

Illness where sweating is used

    • Sweating and staying in bed
    • Hot milk with honey
    • Treatments made with wine

Rubs

    • Alcohol rubs
    • Iodine rubs
    • Vinegar rubs
    • Grease rubs
    • Nettle rubs
    • Poultice rubs
    • Rubs with pharmaceutical products

III. FOLK MEDICINE

Folk medicine

    • Local healers
    • Bonesetters
    • Healers of different illnesses
    • Carers

Medicines kept at home

Contenido de esta página

HEAD

IV. HEAD AILMENTS

Headaches

    • Bed rest
    • Applying poultices
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Decongesting the head
    • Different remedies
    • Magical remedies
    • Medicines

Dizziness and sickness

Height vertigo

    • Sickness remedies
    • Sickness caused by braziers
    • Travel sickness

Inebriation

Nostalgia

Alienation

Names and expressions

    • Suffering and depression
    • Mental effort and blows to the head
    • Genetic and consanguinity
    • Female reproductive physiology
    • The moon and southerly wind
    • Old age and other causes

Remedies for nervous illnesses

St. Vitus dance

Epilepsy

V. TOOTHACHE

Remedies for cavities and teeth infections

Extracting teeth and molars

VI. EYE DISEASES

Eye conditions

Eye colds

Stye

    • Applying an iron key
    • Applying a gold ring

Extracting foreign bodies

Squints. Crossed-eyes

Blindness

VII. EAR DISEASES

Earache

Olive oil

Buzzing or humming

Deafness

SKIN

VIII. SKIN IRRITATIONS AND LESIONS

SKIN LESIONS

Abrasions, urratua and surface wounds

    • Water and soap
    • Oil and lard
    • Herbs
    • Garlic and egg
    • Powders and urine
    • Boiled water and soap
    • Onion and oil with herbs
    • Pasmo-belarra and ebaki-belarra
    • Mallow

Burns

    • Cold water, snow and heat
    • Soap, virgin oil and lime
    • Potato, egg white, other products
    • Animal dung
    • Elder, wax and oil
    • Plants
    • Burn cloths

Skin cracking

    • Urine
    • Lard and wax
    • Plants
    • Skin

Calluses

    • Plants
    • Water baths and curettage

SKIN IRRITATIONS

Eczema, legena

    • Oils
    • Plants
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Healing waters

IX. SKIN CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND INFECTIONS

SKIN INFECTIONS

Chilblains

    • Water concoctions Snow
    • Plants. Ash
    • Disinfectants
    • Burning objects

Boils

    • Onions
    • Water compresses
    • Dressings and ointments
      • Onions
      • Rennet and breadcrumbs
      • Verbena and sage
      • Ivy and cuckoo-pint
      • Osabedarra and uztabedarra
      • Elder
      • Bitter gourd and latex
      • Mallow
      • Oil, grease and wax
      • Snails and clay

Acne inversa

Inflammations

Whitlows

    • Hot water
    • Onions
    • Flour or bread dressings
    • Plant poultices
    • Greasy ointments

Spots and acne

    • Remedies
    • Remedies

Herpes

Erysipelas

SKIN CONTAGIOUS DISEASES

Scabies

    • Lard and sulphur
    • Water baths and plant decoctions
    • Purification in the St. John's bonfire
    • Purification with St. John's dew
    • St. John's water

Ringworm

Causes

Sexual diseases

Appendix 1: Whitlows. Curing rites and formulas

Appendix 2: Neck scrofula. Curing rites and formulas

X. SKIN MARKS. HAIR AND NAILS

SKIN MARKS

Warts

    • Plant latex
    • Poultices
    • Plant nitrate and other products
    • Tying with silk thread
    • Menstruation and sage
    • Bulrushes
    • Juniper berries
    • Apples. Bacon
    • Garlic. Onions
    • Grains of wheat, chickpeas and stones
    • Olive and boxwood leaves
    • Slugs, limpets and toads
    • Coin offerings

Freckles and moles

Causes

HAIR AND NAILS

Baldness

    • Recommendations and beliefs
    • Empirical remedies
    • Ointments

Nails

FOOT SWEATING

BLOOD

INTERNAL ORGANS

XII. RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Cold

    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Honey with milk or with lemon juice
    • Wine hot toddy
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Feet soaking

Sneezing

Head cold

Sinusitis

Stuffy nose

    • Salt water
    • Stisanem inhalation

Sore throats

    • Ash, bran, salt
    • Poultices
    • Sheep's wool
    • Rubbing alcohol wipes
    • Rubbing the throat
    • Gargling
    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Wine hot toddy
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Juices and different remedies
    • Hot milk and juices
    • Herbal tisanes and syrups
    • Pharmaceutical remedies
    • Gargling
    • Drinks and herbal tisanes

Asthma

Chest cold

    • Poultices
    • Rubbing alcohol wipes
    • Sitz baths
    • Iodine tincture
    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Syrups
    • Herbal tisanes

Pneumonia

    • Conditions for which it is used
    • Application methods
    • People who apply the cups and time
    • Validity

Consumption

    • Recommendations
    • Home remedies
    • Poultices
    • Precautionary measures
    • Tuberculosis sanatorium

Rib pain

    • Applying heat
    • Poultices
    • Other remedies

Hiccups

    • Scaring them away
    • Drinking water
    • Holding one's breath
    • Turning garments inside out or an object over
    • Pressures and postures

XIII. STOMACH AND INTESTINES

Stomach upsets

Causes of stomach upsets

    • Excessive eating and drinking
    • Chills
    • Nerves, annoyances and genetic causes
    • Camomile tisane
    • Peppermint, linden, wild tisanes
    • Infusions of other plants
    • Applying heat to the stomach
    • Poultices and rubs
    • Dieting
    • Digestive beverages
    • Causes and names
    • Remedies
    • Remedies
    • Remedies
    • Remedies

Burping and belching

Vomiting

    • Natural causes
    • Circumstantial causes
    • Means to cause vomiting
    • Remedies for poisoning

Diarrhoea

    • Fasting and dieting
    • Rice, lemonade, white wine
    • Quince, egg white, grated apple and other fruits
    • Dairy products
    • Different anti-diarrheal cures
    • Tea, camomile and loosestrife
    • Rose hip, yarrow and bramble shoots
    • Flax and other plants

Constipation

Empirical remedies

    • Fruit diet
    • Raw oil and castor oil
    • Drinking water

Enemas and implements to insert them

Worms

Causes

    • Eating sweets
    • Drinking milk or water
    • Contact with dirt

Worm eliminating medicines

    • Garlic
    • Concoctions
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Poultices
    • Enemas
    • Pharmaceutical remedies
    • Garlic
    • Rue

Appendix: Curing hernia on St. John's Eve

XIV. LIVER, KIDNEY AND OTHER ENTRAILS

Liver diseases

Jaundice

    • Swallowing lice
    • Drinking tisanes
    • Resting and eating clean food
    • Belief remedies

Gallbladder diseases

Spleen diseases

Belief remedies for spleen ailments

Kidney diseases

    • Corn whiskers
    • Horsetail
    • Couch grass. Cherry stalks
    • Parsley
    • Different tisanes
    • Applying heat
    • Stone breakers
    • Onions

Heart diseases

Dropsy

Cancer

Remedies

BONES

XV. LUMBAGO AND RHEUMATIC AILMENTS

Rheumatism

    • Applying heat
    • Rubbings
    • Baths
    • Tisanes and decoctions
    • Remedies with garlic
    • Remedies with nettles
    • Dormouse fat and badger fat
    • Copper bracelets
    • Potato or chestnut in the pocket
    • Other folk remedies

Lumbago

    • Applying heat
    • Rubbings, massages and baths
    • Waist back support and applying patches
    • Folk remedies

Sciatica

Synovitis

Stiff necks; cramps and sore feet

Hump

Rickets

Names

XVI. FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

Bone fractures

Bonesetters

Sprains and dislocations

Dislocation healers

Blows

Herbs and poultices

Appendix: Zantiratua

INJURIES

XVII. WOUNDS AND BLEEDING. EXTRACTING THORNS

Stopping bleeding caused by wounds

    • Water and disinfectants
    • Applying pressure
    • Cigarette paper and cobwebs
    • Thistles and other plants
    • Ash and powdery substances Other practices

Gangrene

    • Cauterisation and bleeding
    • Poultices
    • Herbal tisanes

Tetanus

Extracting thorns/bones and foreign bodies

Treating puncture infections

Appendix: Lightheaded wounded

XVIII. BITES AND STINGS

Dog bites

    • Christmas Eve bread
    • Causes of rabies
    • Symptoms of the disease
    • Treatment
    • Folk healers
    • Outcome of the disease

Snake bites

    • Cauterisations
    • Plant remedies
    • Applying hen cloacal swabs
    • Lancing, sucking and applying tourniquets
    • Different remedies

Attacks by others animals

Insect bites/stings

XIX. FROSTBITE, HEAT-STROKE, CHOKING AND LIGHTNING STRIKE

Frostbite

Heat-stroke

Choking

Lightning strike

    • Caution with trees. Hawthorn
    • Caution with metal tools
    • Caution with livestock
    • House-related prevention
    • Other prevention

Sudden death

THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

XX. REPRODUCTION

Menstruation

    • Referring to the woman herself
    • Referring to touching food and plants

Pregnancy and delivery

Breast-feeding ailments

Out of sorts

    • Applying heat
    • Charm to protect the breasts
    • Comforters

Pregnancy terminations

    • Abortifacient plants and other methods

Sterility and fertility

Menopause

EARLY CHILDHOOD

XXI. CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES

Infectious diseases

    • Disease and names
    • Remedies
    • Disease and names
    • Remedies
      • Clean air
      • Snail slime
      • Prickly pear sap
      • Kerosene
      • Breathing smoke
      • Tisanes and milk
      • Sweating
      • Drinking water
      • Vaccination
    • Disease and names
    • Remedies
      • Bran and poultices
      • Sheep's wool
      • Tissue

Skin diseases

    • Names and identification
    • Remedies

Digestive ailments

Respiratory diseases

XXII. TEETHING. BED-WETTING. SPEAKING AND NERVE PROBLEMS

Teething

Bed-wetting

Speaking problems

Nervous spasms

BELIEF-BASED MEDICINE

XXIII. BELIEFS ABOUT THE CAUSE OF SOME DISEASES

A curse as the cause of the disease

Spells and curses Belief in their effectiveness

Evil eye and its health effects

Names

    • Gospels
    • Ancient kutunes (charms)
    • Sash
    • Religious medals

XXIV. HEALTH AND POPULAR RELIGION

Chapels and shrines frequented in case of illness

    • Santa Casilda. Briviesca (Burgos)
    • San Fausto. Bujanda (A)
    • Our Lady of Angosto and Golden Chapel (A)
    • San Miguel de Aralar (N)
    • Our Lady of Ujué. Javier Castle (N)
    • San Juan de Gaztelugatxe. Andra Mari de Almike (B)
    • Andra Mari de Agirre. Gorliz (B)
    • Loyola Basilica (G)
    • Sandaili (San Elías). Oñati (G)
    • Other places of pilgrimage

Early childhood diseases

    • Our Lady of Olmo. Quintanilla de Valdegovía and Our Lady of Angosto (A)
    • San Antonio de Urkiola (B)
    • Our Lady of Antigua. Orduña (B)
    • Our Lady of Gardotza. Berriatua (B)
    • San Miguel de Aralar (N), Our Lady of Dorleta and Our Lady of Arrate (G)
    • Santo Cristo de Lezo (G)
    • Corpus Christi altar. Agurain (A)
    • Our Lady of Arrate. Eibar (G)
    • Santa María Magdalena de Lamindano. Dima (B)
    • Santa Magdalena. Atharratze (Z)
    • Other places of pilgrimage

Delay in learning to walk

    • San Kiliz. Otazu (A)
    • San Miguel de Villabona. Artaza. Foronda (A)
    • San Esteban. Oñati (G)
    • San Bartolomé. Antzuola (G)
    • Santa Ana. Albiztur (G)
    • San Buenaventura. Unanua (N)
    • San Vicente (Bixintxo). Heleta (BN)
    • San Esteban. Errezil (G)
    • Our Lady of the Spells. Arbeiza (N)
    • San Antonio de Urkiola (B)
    • San Pedro de Zarikete. Zalla (B)
    • San Felicísimo. Deusto (B)
    • Our Lady of Vega de Haro (La Rioja)
    • San Bernardo de Barria monastery(A)
    • Santa Isabel. Idiazabal (G)
    • San Juan de Gaztelugatxe. Bermeo (B)
    • San Juan de Olaberria (G)
    • San Bartolomé chapels
    • San Bartolomé oratory Sangüesa (N)
    • San Mamés. Zamudio and Kortezubi (B)
    • Our Lady of Uba, Altza and Santa Marina, Astisanesu (G)
    • San Miguel Bekoa, Errezil. San Esteban, Bergara. San Isidro, Oñati. San Pelayo, Zarautz (G) and Lekunberri (N)

Adult diseases

  Placing the head in recesses

    • San Miguel de Excelsis. Aralar (N)
    • San Esteban. Usurbil (G)
    • San Pedro de Zegama and Our Lady of Zikuñaga. Hernani (G)
    • La Bien Aparecida chapel. Ampuero (Cantabria)
    • Shrine of the Maundy Thursday Monument

  Placing the head inside the bell

    • Golden Chapel. Murgia (A)
    • Our Lady of Antigua. Ondarroa (B)
    • San Juan de Gaztelugatxe. Bermeo (B)
    • Our Lady of Okon (A)
    • San Martín. Castillo-Elejabeitia (B)

  Garments, water and making the way to the chapel

    • Santa Felicia. Labiano (N)
    • San Guillermo. Obanos (N)
    • San Víctor de Gauna (A)
    • San Víctor. Obecuri (A)
    • Santa Águeda. Alonsotegi (B)
    • Santa Águeda. Natxitua (B)

  Other practices

    • Santísima Trinidad. Andagoia (A)
    • San Prudencio. Getaria (G)
    • San Formerio. Ribera Alta (A)
    • San Pantaleón. Zalla (B)
    • Santa Leocadia. Urnieta (G)
    • Santa Elena. Irun (G)
    • Our Lady of Dorleta Gatzaga (G)
    • Other places of pilgrimage
    • Springs and wells with healing waters
      • Dandruff or herpes
      • Boils
      • Warts
    • San Bernardo de Barria (A)
    • Santa Quiteria
    • San Roque
    • Other protecting saints