Índice de contenidos
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Contenido de esta página
I. OMENS OF DEATH
Animal-related omens
Omens related with facts and events
II. DEATH THROES AND DEATH
Death throes
- Care and attention
- Visiting the dying person
- Watching over the person in their dying moments
- Contemporary changes
- Feuds and grievances
- Possessed by spirits
- Meza enkomendadua
- Offering lights and fasts
- Facilitating the exiting of the soul
The death
- Spells
- Evil eye
- Death spirits
III. VIATICUM AND EXTREME UNCTION
Christian rites of the passage from life to death
Names
Receiving the Last Sacraments
- Home altar
- Decorating the house
- Viaticum in the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)
- Viaticum in Navarra
- Viaticum in Gipuzkoa
- Viaticum in Bizkaia
- Viaticum in Alava
Appendix 1: Derniers Sacrements a Mendive (BN)
Appendix 2: Administration of Viaticum and Extreme Unction according to the old Roman Ritual
IV. BELIEFS ABOUT THE SOUL'S DESTINY
V. HOUSEHOLD MOURNING AND HELP FROM NEIGHBOURS
Signs of mourning of the bereaved household
Role of the neighbours during the mourning period
- Organisation of the neighbourhood hierarchy
- The first neighbour
- Reconciliation and friendship between neighbours
- Household chores and tasks
- Primacy of family support
- Customarily established help
The parish cross in the bereaved household
Appendix: Rôle des voisins durant le rite funéraire à Ossès/Ortzaize (BN)
VI. COMMUNICATING THE DEATH
Notifications
Relatives and neighbours The first settlers Youths Female announcers Messengers and auroros choirs
Bell ringing
- Religious status and sex differences
- Death knell for children
- Social categories
Death notices
Memorials
Telling domesticated animals of the death
- Survival of the beehive
- Producing more wax
- Requesting wax and avoiding the death of the bees
- The death of the owner
- The new owner
- Signs of mourning
VII. SHROUD
Death and act of closing the eyelids
ashing and shrouding
- Cloth shroud
- Religious habits
- Festive garments
Objects that accompany the corpse
Burning herbs
VIII. THE WAKE. GAUBELA
The wake
- Names
- The wake in the Northern Basque Country (lying within France)
- The wake in the Southern Basque Country (lying within Spain)
- Looking after the lamp
- Meals during the wake
The room with the deceased
Laying out the corpse
The coffin
Trolleys and stretchers
Burning the pallet
IX. CORPSE WAYS
Names
Corpse ways in localities with a scattered population
Corpse ways in charter towns with a rural population
Corpse ways in localities with a concentrated population
The paths of the parish cross and the Viaticum
Upkeep of the corpse ways
Legal significance of the corpse ways
X. TAKING THE CORPSE TO THE CHURCH
XI. THE FUNERAL CORTEGE
Composition of the funeral cortege
Brotherhoods and Associations in the cortege
Prayers and songs during the bearing of the corpse
Stops of the funeral cortege
The funeral cortege today
A child's burial
A youth's burial
The mourners
XII. ATTIRE IN THE FUNERAL CORTEGE
Old mourning attire
Traditional men's attire
Traditional women's attire
Attire of the relative and neighbours
Bereavement dress today
XIII. OFFERING BEARERS IN THE CORTEGE
The bearer of the offering. Names
Cortege animal offerings in the past
Floral wreaths and flowers in the funeral cortege
XIV. OBSEQUIES
The corpse during the obsequies
Arrangement of the family mourners in the church
The funeral mass
Appendix: Obsequies according to the Roman Ritual
XV. OBSEQUIAL DAYS
XVI. GRAVES IN CHURCHES. PITS
Names
Validity of the symbolic graves
Burial goods
- Woodcutter
- Grave. Pit
- Argizaiola
- Candlestick
Activation of the grave
Taking possession of the grave
Length of the mourning at the grave
XVII. OFFERINGS AND SUFFRAGES AT THE GRAVE
Light offering
- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
- Alava
- Bizkaia
- Northern Basque Country
- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
- Alava
- Bizkaia
- Northern Basque Country
Bread offering
Money offerings at the grave
- On feast days
- Ordinary days
Animal offerings in the past
XVIII. ACT OF BURIAL
Attending the burial act
Rituals in the cemetery
The Interment
Orientation of the tomb
- Orientation with respect to the Sun
- Orientation with respect to the church
- Orientation with respect to the floor plan of the cemetery
- Random distribution
XIX. RETURNING TO THE HOUSE OF THE DECEASED AND FUNERAL FEAST
Return of the cortege to the house of the deceased
Feast and refreshments for the attendees
Obsequios a los participantes en las exequias
La comida de entierro. Entierro-bazkaria
- En la casa mortuoria
- En tabernas y posadas
- Preparación de la estancia y de la comida
- Parientes
- Vecinos
- Mezakoak
- Otros invitados
- Presidencia. Mahaiburua
- Oraciones
- Beskoitze (L)
- Izpura (BN)
- Ezpeize-Ündüreiñe (Z)
- Basabüria (Haute Soule)
- Aria (N)
- Allo (N)
- Mezkiriz (N)
- Berastegi (G)
- Elosua (G)
- Abadiano (B)
- Zeanuri (B)
- Ribera Alta (A)
- Salvatierra (A)
Apéndice: Antiguas restricciones legales sobre banquetes fúnebres
XX. EL LUTO. DOLUA
Denominaciones
Duración del luto
Restricciones durante el luto
El luto en la indumentaria. Doluko arropa
- Velo de luto
- Mantalina
- Manto
- Mantaleta
- Kaputxina
- Kapa
- Kapa ttipia y taulerra
Marcas de duelo en el exterior de la casa
Extensión del duelo a los animales domésticos
Otras manifestaciones de luto
Cambios operados en el luto
XXI. CONMEMORACION DE LOS DIFUNTOS
1 de noviembre. Festividad de Todos los Santos. Domuru Santu
- País Vasco peninsular
- País Vasco continental
2 de noviembre. Conmemoración de los Fieles Difuntos o Día de las Animas. Arimen eguna
Conmemoraciones de difuntos a lo largo del año
Cuidado de las tumbas
XXII. ASOCIACIONES EN TORNO A LA MUERTE
Características generales de las Cofradías religiosas
Cofradía de la Vera Cruz
Cofradía del Santo Rosario
Cofradía de Animas
Cofradías religiosas bajo otras denominaciones (San Blas, San Nicolás, Pescadores y Mareantes, Santiago Apóstol, San Francisco Javier, San Roque, San Sebastián, Santa Ana, San José, Santísimo Sacramento, Santa Fe, Antorchas, Ntra. Sra. de las Cuevas)
Cofradías vinculadas a Santuarios
Cofradías vecinales en Bizkaia
Cofradía de la Trinidad de Sangüesa (Navarra)
Cofradía de los Sacerdotes de Aramayona (Alava)
Hermandades y Asociaciones mutuas de carácter funerario
Apéndice
XXIII. LUGARES Y MODOS DE ENTERRAMIENTO
La inhumación en la casa. Etxekanderearen baratzea
La inhumación junto a la iglesia
La inhumación en el interior de la iglesia
Prohibiciones legales de sepultar en iglesias
El cementerio. Hilerria
- Junto al templo
- Cementerios en torno a ermitas
- Cementerios en extrarradios
- El túmulo
- Sepultura en tierra con losa
- El panteón
- El nicho
- Cruces. Gurutzeak
- Estelas. Hilarriak
- El limbo
- Espacio para suicidados e increyentes
- Casos particulares
- Enterramientos civiles
XXIV. APARECIDOS Y ANIMAS ERRANTES. ARIMA HERRATUAK
Creencias sobre aparecidos
Modos de aparición de las ánimas
Tiempos de aparición
Escenarios de aparición
Testigos de las apariciones
Comportamientos ante apariciones
- Misas
- Oraciones
- Satisfacción de deudas
- Cumplimiento de promesas
Presentimientos y temores a apariciones
Prácticas asociadas a las creencias en las ánimas
Narraciones de aparecidos tradicionalizadas
Apéndice: Relatos de aparecidos