Diferencia entre revisiones de «Indice Casa y familia en vasconia/en»
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=== [[Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lighting]] === | === [[Ritos_contra_la_tormenta_y_el_rayo|Rites against thunderstorms and lighting]] === | ||
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*[[Piedras_contra_la_tormenta._Tximistarri|Stones against the thunderstorm]] | *[[Piedras_contra_la_tormenta._Tximistarri|Stones against the thunderstorm]] |
Revisión del 10:33 21 feb 2019
Contenido de esta página
- 1 HOUSE AND TERRITORY
- 1.1 I. THE SETTLEMENT OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY
- 1.2 II. RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOUSE WITH THE SOIL, CLIMATE AND ACTIVITY
- 1.3 III. NAME, ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF THE HOUSES
- 2 STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE
- 2.1 IV. REGIONAL HOUSE MODELS
- 2.1.1 General points
- 2.1.2 Álava house models
- 2.1.3 Bizkaia house models
- 2.1.3.1 The typical house of Las Encartaciones (Carranza Valley)
- 2.1.3.2 The typical Busturialdea house (Gautegiz-Arteaga)
- 2.1.3.3 The typical house of the Arratia Valley and Estribaciones del Gorbeia (Zeanuri)
- 2.1.3.4 The typical house of Durango old town
- 2.1.3.5 The typical house of the charter town of Gernika-Lumo
- 2.1.4 Gipuzkoa house models
- 2.1.5 Navarra house models
- 2.1.5.1 The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)
- 2.1.5.2 The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)
- 2.1.5.3 The typical Navarra Media house (Allo)
- 2.1.5.4 The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)
- 2.1.5.5 The typical Ribera del Ebro house (Valtierra)
- 2.1.5.6 Cave houses (La Ribera)
- 2.1.6 Northern Basque Country house models
- 2.1.7 Fishermen's houses
- 2.1.8 Appendix: Secular transition of houses in the Northern Basque Country
- 2.2 V. ROOFING
- 2.2.1 Connecting the frontage and the roof
- 2.2.2 Types of roof
- 2.2.3 Appendix 1: Relationship between the roof and climate and economic aspects
- 2.2.4 Roofing materials
- 2.2.5 Roof structure
- 2.2.6 Eaves. Boladua
- 2.2.7 Ways out onto the roof. The chimney
- 2.2.8 Transformations
- 2.2.9 Appendix 2: Different slopes for houses with rectangular floor plan
- 2.2.10 Appendix 3: Chimney, fuel and climate
- 2.3 VI. FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS
- 2.4 VII. DOORS AND WINDOWS
- 2.5 VIII. INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE
- 2.6 IX. HOUSE DECORATION
- 2.1 IV. REGIONAL HOUSE MODELS
- 3 HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS
- 3.1 X. FIREPLACE, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN
- 3.2 XI. KITCHEN AND HEARTH FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
- 3.3 XII. FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: LIVING ROOM, BEDROOMS AND PERSONAL HYGIENE
- 3.4 XIII. CLEANING THE HOUSE, CLOTHES AND DISHES
- 4 OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE
- 5 DOMESTIC BELIEFS AND RITES
- 5.1 XV. RITES AROUND THE HOUSEHOLD FIRE
- 5.2 XVI. SYMBOLS TO PROTECT THE HOUSE
- 6 FAMILY
- 6.1 XVII. FAMILY AND KINSHIP
- 6.2 XVIII. FAMILY ASSETS AND ITS TRANSFER
- 6.2.1 Family assets
- 6.2.2 Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage, Dana biona
- 6.2.3 Marital property agreements or settlements
- 6.2.4 Freedom to bequeath and core assets in the charter system
- 6.2.5 Wills in territory of the common law system
- 6.2.6 Intestate inheritance
- 6.2.7 The inheritance of natural children
- 6.2.8 Will of the childless uncle
- 6.2.9 Legacies to non-relatives
- 6.3 XIX. LIFE AND DUTIES OF THE SPOUSES
- 6.3.1 Communal life of the spouses
- 6.3.2 Duties and occupations of the husband and the wife
- 6.3.3 Authority in the marital partnership
- 6.3.4 Social life of the spouses
- 6.3.5 Authority of parents over the children
- 6.3.6 Educating the children
- 6.3.7 Role of the woman in the passing on of values and beliefs
- 6.3.8 Adoption
- 6.3.9 Changes in the family and to customs
- 6.4 XX. RELATIONS WITH THE FAMILY AND RELATIVES
- 6.5 XXI. FAMILY HONOUR
HOUSE AND TERRITORY
I. THE SETTLEMENT OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY
Latitudinal settlement patterns
Historical and geographical factors
Dispersed settlements
Establishing new homesteads
Examples of concentrated settlement
Growth of the current settlements
II. RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOUSE WITH THE SOIL, CLIMATE AND ACTIVITY
The house and its setting
The relationship of the house with the soil
- Influence of the substrate
- Presence of water in the subsoil
- Use of the soil materials
- Influence of the terrain
The relationship of the house with the climate
- Walls, openings and orientation
- The roof and adjoining buildings
- The southern area with lower rainfall
- Examples and current situation
The house and the activity of its dwellers
Agriculture
Commercial
Appendix: Influence of the production on the types of homesteads
III. NAME, ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF THE HOUSES
Definition of the house concept and names
Name of the house
Name, surname and nickname of the owner
Place name
Neighbouring houses in concentrated settlement
Orientation of the house
East facing
South facing
Orientation in concentrated settlements
Houses and lands in mixed and disperse settlements
Location of houses in concentrated arrangements
Houses separated by belenas (run or yard between houses)
Houses separated by bare land used for threshing or la rain
Land adjoined to the house
El rain, larraina
Baratza, market or vegetable garden
STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE
IV. REGIONAL HOUSE MODELS
General points
Álava house models
The typical Rioja-Alavesa House (Moreda de Álava)
The typical La Llanada house
The typical Montaña Alavesa house (Bernedo)
The typical house of the charter town of Agurain
Bizkaia house models
The typical house of Las Encartaciones (Carranza Valley)
The typical Busturialdea house (Gautegiz-Arteaga)
The typical house of the Arratia Valley and Estribaciones del Gorbeia (Zeanuri)
The typical house of Durango old town
The typical house of the charter town of Gernika-Lumo
Gipuzkoa house models
The typical El Goierri house (Ataun)
The typical Beasain house
The typical Bajo Deba house (Elgoibar)
The typical Urola Kosta house (Aia)
Navarra house models
The typical house of the Atlantic side of the watershed (Bera)
The typical Pyrenean house (Roncal Valley)
The typical Navarra Media house (Allo)
The typical arrabal or popular house (Viana)
The typical Ribera del Ebro house (Valtierra)
Cave houses (La Ribera)
Northern Basque Country house models
The typical Lapurdi house (Sara)
The typical Amikuze house (Huarte-Hiri-BN)
The typical Arberoa house (Donoztiri-BN)
The typical Heleta house (BN)
The typical Zuberoa house (Liginaga)
Fishermen's houses
Appendix: Secular transition of houses in the Northern Basque Country
V. ROOFING
Connecting the frontage and the roof
Types of roof
Roof pitch
- Historical evolution of roofing in Roncesvalles (N)
Shape and number of slopes
- The climate factor
- Grouped houses
- The shape of the dwelling
- Relationship between the number of slopes and the status
- Different reasons
- Geographical distribution of the number of slopes
Appendix 1: Relationship between the roof and climate and economic aspects
Roofing materials
Timber frame
Roof tile, teila
- The origin of the roof tiles
- The curved tile
- The flat tile
Wooden roof: shingles
New materials
Roof structure
Post-supported structures
Shear beam structures
Thatched and plaster vaults
Eaves. Boladua
Ways out onto the roof. The chimney
Transformations
Appendix 2: Different slopes for houses with rectangular floor plan
Appendix 3: Chimney, fuel and climate
VI. FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS
Foundations, oinarriak
Foundations on hard substrates
Outside walls
Construction materials
- Stone.
- Timber.
- Earth, brick, adobe and rammed earth
Masonry walls
Mortar
Construction of the walls
Plastering of the walls
Caves
Timber internal structure
Types of timber
Bench base
Inside walls and partitions
Floors
Floor in the entrance and stable
Stairs
Indoor stairs
Outdoor stairs
Urban dwelling stairs
Roofs
Plank roofs
Vault roofs
Origin of the construction materials
Stone
Lime and plaster
Roof tiles, bricks and adobe
New materials
VII. DOORS AND WINDOWS
Orientation of the house openings
Arrangement of the openings on the frontage
Openings
Main door
- Álava
- Bizkaia
- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
- Northern Basque Country
Windows
- Álava
- Bizkaia
- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
- Northern Basque Country
Balconies
Inside doors
Door and window closing mechanisms
Closing the main or entrance door
- Bars
- Latches
- Other locks
Closing inside doors
Closing windows. Latches, bolts
Recent transformations
VIII. INTERNAL LAYOUT OF THE HOUSE
General points
Rural houses
Bizkaia
- Livestock homesteads. Encartaciones and Arratia-Orozko
- Agricultural homesteads. Uribe, Busturialdea and Durangaldea
Gipuzkoa
- Goierri
- Alto and Medio Deba
- Oria Medio
- Donostia and Bajo Bidasoa
Northern Basque Country
Álava
- Estribaciones del Gorbeia
- Occidente alavés
- La Llanada
- La Montaña
- Rioja alavesa
Navarra
- Northern Sub-Pyrenean and Pyrenean area. La Montaña
- Southern Sub-Pyrenean area. Mid zone.
- Southern zone. La Ribera
Fishermen's dwellings
Urban dwellings
Modern houses
Appendix: Mansions. Palaces
IX. HOUSE DECORATION
General points
Outside walls. Frontage
Timber latticework
Plant decorations
Roofing
Eaves
Doors and windows
Ironwork
Carvings on lintels
Coat-of-arms
Inscriptions
Interior decoration
HOME AND HOME FURNISHINGS
X. FIREPLACE, LIGHTING AND KITCHEN
Fireplace
Names
Location of the fireplace
- Central fireplace
- Side fireplace
- Description
Fuel used in the fireplace
- Most common fuels
- Mediterranean side of the watershed
Lighting or rekindling the fire
- The flint. New lighting systems
- Rekindling fire
- Initially stocking the fire
Types of firewood
- Cast-iron plate
- Decorative motifs
The hearth
- Low heat chimney
- Energy-saving stove chimney
- Cleaning the chimney
Bread oven
- Ovens in the kitchen or attached to the house
- Exempted ovens
Oven construction materials
House lighting
Oil lamp
Candles
Petrol lamp
Carbide lamp
Electric light
Kitchen
Hob
Energy-saving stove and subsequent transitions
The kitchen, the centre of family life
XI. KITCHEN AND HEARTH FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Hearth tools
- Beasain (G)
- Sangüesa (N)
Names and description
- Firedogs
- Pincers
- Tongs
- Stove shovel
- Trivet
- Drum
- Griddle
- Spits
- Ash shovel
- Bellows
- Boilers
- Copper heater
Kitchen furniture and furnishings
Sink
Haustegia, ashtray
Tables and other items
- Tables
- Troughs
- Cans
Cupboards, cabinets and kitchen rack
- Dressers
- Plate rack
- Kitchen rack
Pantries and their evolution
Kitchen fittings
Items placed on the mantelpiece, on the hood or on the hearth
- Northern Basque Country
- Bizkaia
- Álava
- Gipuzkoa
- Navarra
Artisan production of the kitchen furniture
- Domestic production
- Non-domestic production
Transitions in the household furniture and fittings
XII. FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: LIVING ROOM, BEDROOMS AND PERSONAL HYGIENE
Living room or dining room fittings
Religious images
Family photographs on display
Bedroom fittings
General points
Occasional furniture
- Wash stand and basin
Wash stand and basin
- Crucifix
- Religious paintings or laminates
- Photographs
- Holy water font
Washing facilities and fittings
Washing facilities
Transitions of the bathroom and its fittings
Musical instruments. Radio, television and new technologies
Musical instruments
XIII. CLEANING THE HOUSE, CLOTHES AND DISHES
Cleaning the house
Cleaning the house, thoroughly
- Cleaning products and utensils
- Daily and weekly cleaning
- Spring-cleaning and cleaning on set dates
- Insect extermination
Cleaning floors
- Sweeping
- Mopping and sandblasting
- Waxing
Washing clothes
Washing clothes in the river or in the public washhouse
Laundresses or washerwomen
The laundry
- Names
- Transitions
Drying and ironing the clothes
Washing dishes
OUTBUILDINGS ADJOINING THE HOUSE
XIV. SPACES FOR FARMING WORK AND COMPLEMENTARY BUILDINGS
Spaces at home for implements, products and livestock
Porch and carriage porch
Attic or loft
Stable
Complementary buildings
Open stalls, pens,
Huts, cabins or haylofts
Shacks
Dung storage
Chicken house
Beehives
Domestic animals that guard the house
Field shelters and huts
Appendix 1: Field pens in Navarra
Appendix 2: Granaries
Appendix 3: Charcoal maker shacks
DOMESTIC BELIEFS AND RITES
XV. RITES AROUND THE HOUSEHOLD FIRE
The embers of the hearth
Lighting the hearth on set days
The Christmas log
The new fire at Easter
Bringing a recently purchased animals into the house
XVI. SYMBOLS TO PROTECT THE HOUSE
Rites when starting to build the house
Rites when finishing the roof
Blessing the house
Rites against thunderstorms and lighting
An axe with the edge pointing to the thunderstorm
Sanjuan haritza, St. John's oak
Eguzki-lorea, thistle flower
Religious rites to protect the house
Holy Water
Blessed candles
Praying to Saint Barbara
Religious symbols and images
FAMILY
XVII. FAMILY AND KINSHIP
Family. Kinship. Parentage
- Etxekoak
- Family/sendia
- Senitartekoak/ahaideak
- Family
- Kinship
- Parentage
- Other relations
Names and degree of kinship
Family names
- Nicknames
Names and forms of address between relatives
- Berori/berorika (usted - formal you)
- Zu/zuka (usted formal you-tú informal you)
- Hitanoa/hika (colloquial use of informal you)
- Change to the form of address
- Other forms of address. Lost souls
XVIII. FAMILY ASSETS AND ITS TRANSFER
Family assets
Co-ownership of assets contributed to the marriage, Dana biona
Marital property agreements or settlements
Freedom to bequeath and core assets in the charter system
Wills in territory of the common law system
Intestate inheritance
The inheritance of natural children
Will of the childless uncle
Legacies to non-relatives
XIX. LIFE AND DUTIES OF THE SPOUSES
Communal life of the spouses
Duties and occupations of the husband and the wife
Authority in the marital partnership
- Causes of the rifts or disagreements
- Marital separations
Social life of the spouses
Authority of parents over the children
Educating the children
Role of the woman in the passing on of values and beliefs
Adoption
- Replacing a dead child
- Economic grounds or charitable reasons
- Childless couples
- Fostering
Changes in the family and to customs
XX. RELATIONS WITH THE FAMILY AND RELATIVES
Relations with the family
- Rifts
Relations of the spouses with their families of origin
Gatherings of relatives
- Funeral ceremonies
Order of relatives at the ceremonies
Historical memories of the house and the family
- The oldest local house
- Bread offerings
- Alms and offering light
Family memories
- Jewels
XXI. FAMILY HONOUR
Honour of the house and of the family
- Agricultural jobs and urgent work
- Misfortune, serious illness or death
- Orphanhood
- Financial help
- Providing help
- Indifference
- Returning to the family home
- Reasons for rifts
- Consequences of the rifts
- Settling the rifts
- Grievances
Effects of the kinship
- Ordinary visits
- Patron saint festivities and Christmas
- Studies
- Transitions
- Relations between masters and servants
- Contracting servants