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De Atlas Etnográfico de Vasconia
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I. PEOPLE'S PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH

The body

    • Hair colour
    • Hair and illness
    • Qualities attributed to the eye colour
    • Eye colour and illness
    • Fatness
    • Build
    • Other health signs
    • Types of temperament
    • Basque categories

Environmental influence

    • Night air
    • Night dew and dampness
    • Winds
    • Burning sugar, alcohol and incense
    • Burning and boiling herbs
    • Health and unhealthy food
    • Harmful food previously considered to be healthy
    • Comfort food and drinks
    • Refreshing food and drinks
    • Intake of food
    • Curative virtues of water

Name of the illnesses

Contemporary transitions

II. SYMPTOMS AND GENERAL REMEDIES

Fever or temperature

    • Fever in childhood illnesses
    • Typhoid fever
    • Malta fever
    • Apply cold presses and take baths
    • Infusions and bloodletting
    • Intake of liquids and food
    • Other remedies

Sweating

    • Sweating and staying in bed
    • Hot milk with honey
    • Treatments made with wine

Rubs

    • Alcohol rubs
    • Iodine rubs
    • Vinegar rubs
    • Grease rubs
    • Nettle rubs
    • Poultice rubs
    • Rubs with pharmaceutical products

III. FOLK MEDICINE

Folk medicine

    • Local healers
    • Bonesetters
    • Healers of different illnesses
    • Carers

Medicines kept at home

HEAD

IV. HEAD AILMENTS

Headaches

    • Bed rest
    • Applying poultices
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Decongesting the head
    • Different remedies
    • Magical remedies
    • Medicines

Dizziness and sickness

    • Sickness remedies
    • Sickness caused by braziers
    • Travel sickness

Inebriation

Nostalgia

Alienation

    • Suffering and depression
    • Mental effort and blows to the head
    • Genetic and consanguinity
    • Female reproductive physiology
    • The moon and southerly wind
    • Old age and other causes

Remedies for nervous illnesses

St. Vitus dance

Epilepsy

V. TOOTHACHE

Remedies for cavities and teeth infections

Extracting teeth and molars

VI. EYE DISEASES

Eye conditions

Stye

    • Applying an iron key
    • Applying a gold ring

Extracting foreign bodies

Squints. Crossed-eyes

Blindness

VII. EAR DISEASES

Earache

Buzzing or humming

Deafness

SKIN

VIII. SKIN IRRITATIONS AND LESIONS

SKIN LESIONS

Abrasions, urratua and surface wounds

    • Water and soap
    • Oil and lard
    • Herbs
    • Garlic and egg
    • Powders and urine
    • Boiled water and soap
    • Onion and oil with herbs
    • Pasmo-belarra and ebaki-belarra
    • Mallow

Burns

    • Cold water, snow and heat
    • Soap, virgin oil and lime
    • Potato, egg white, other products
    • Animal dung
    • Elder, wax and oil
    • Plants
    • Burn cloths

Skin cracking

    • Urine
    • Lard and wax
    • Plants
    • Skin

Calluses

    • Plants
    • Water baths and curettage

SKIN IRRITATIONS

Eczema, legena

    • Oils
    • Plants
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Healing waters

IX. SKIN CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND INFECTIONS

SKIN INFECTIONS

Chilblains

    • Water concoctions Snow
    • Plants. Ash
    • Disinfectants
    • Burning objects

Boils

    • Onions
    • Water compresses
    • Dressings and ointments
      • Onions
      • Rennet and breadcrumbs
      • Verbena and sage
      • Ivy and cuckoo-pint
      • Osabedarra and uztabedarra
      • Elder
      • Bitter gourd and latex
      • Mallow
      • Oil, grease and wax
      • Snails and clay

Acne inversa

Inflammations

Whitlows

    • Hot water
    • Onions
    • Flour or bread dressings
    • Plant poultices
    • Greasy ointments

Spots and acne

    • Remedies
    • Remedies

Herpes

Erysipelas

SKIN CONTAGIOUS DISEASES

Scabies

    • Lard and sulphur
    • Water baths and plant decoctions
    • Purification in the St. John's bonfire
    • Purification with St. John's dew
    • St. John's water

Ringworm

Sexual diseases

Appendix 1: Whitlows. Curing rites and formulas

Appendix 2: Neck scrofula. Curing rites and formulas

X. SKIN MARKS. HAIR AND NAILS

SKIN MARKS

Warts

    • Plant latex
    • Poultices
    • Plant nitrate and other products
    • Tying with silk thread
    • Menstruation and sage
    • Bulrushes
    • Juniper berries
    • Apples. Bacon
    • Garlic. Onions
    • Grains of wheat, chickpeas and stones
    • Olive and boxwood leaves
    • Slugs, limpets and toads
    • Coin offerings

Freckles and moles

HAIR AND NAILS

Baldness

    • Recommendations and beliefs
    • Empirical remedies
    • Ointments

Nails

FOOT SWEATING

BLOOD

XI. BLOOD

Blood impurities

    • Cleansing the blood
    • Blood thinning. High blood pressure
    • Improving blood circulation

Bloodletting

Diabetes

Anaemia

Nose bleeds

Haemorrhoids and varicose veins

INTERNAL ORGANS

XII. RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Cold

    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Honey with milk or with lemon juice
    • Wine hot toddy
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Feet soaking

Sneezing

Head cold

Sinusitis

Stuffy nose

    • Salt water
    • Stisanem inhalation

Sore throats

    • Ash, bran, salt
    • Poultices
    • Sheep's wool
    • Rubbing alcohol wipes
    • Rubbing the throat
    • Gargling
    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Wine hot toddy
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Juices and different remedies
    • Hot milk and juices
    • Herbal tisanes and syrups
    • Pharmaceutical remedies
    • Gargling
    • Drinks and herbal tisanes

Chest cold

    • Poultices
    • Rubbing alcohol wipes
    • Sitz baths
    • Iodine tincture
    • Stisanem inhalation
    • Syrups
    • Herbal tisanes

Pneumonia

    • Conditions for which it is used
    • Application methods
    • People who apply the cups and time
    • Validity

Consumption

    • Recommendations
    • Home remedies
    • Poultices
    • Precautionary measures
    • Tuberculosis sanatorium

Rib pain

    • Applying heat
    • Poultices
    • Other remedies

Hiccups

    • Scaring them away
    • Drinking water
    • Holding one's breath
    • Turning garments inside out or an object over
    • Pressures and postures

XIII. STOMACH AND INTESTINES

Stomach upsets

    • Excessive eating and drinking
    • Chills
    • Nerves, annoyances and genetic causes
    • Camomile tisane
    • Peppermint, linden, wild tisanes
    • Infusions of other plants
    • Applying heat to the stomach
    • Poultices and rubs
    • Dieting
    • Digestive beverages
    • Causes and names
    • Remedies
    • Remedies
    • Remedies
    • Remedies

Vomiting

    • Natural causes
    • Circumstantial causes
    • Means to cause vomiting
    • Remedies for poisoning

Diarrhoea

    • Fasting and dieting
    • Rice, lemonade, white wine
    • Quince, egg white, grated apple and other fruits
    • Dairy products
    • Different anti-diarrheal cures
    • Tea, camomile and loosestrife
    • Rose hip, yarrow and bramble shoots
    • Flax and other plants

Constipation

    • Fruit diet
    • Raw oil and castor oil
    • Drinking water

Worms

    • Eating sweets
    • Drinking milk or water
    • Contact with dirt
    • Garlic
    • Concoctions
    • Herbal tisanes
    • Poultices
    • Enemas
    • Pharmaceutical remedies
    • Garlic
    • Rue

Appendix: Curing hernia on St. John's Eve

XIV. LIVER, KIDNEY AND OTHER ENTRAILS

Liver diseases

Jaundice

    • Swallowing lice
    • Drinking tisanes
    • Resting and eating clean food
    • Belief remedies

Gallbladder diseases

Spleen diseases

Kidney diseases

    • Corn whiskers
    • Horsetail
    • Couch grass. Cherry stalks
    • Parsley
    • Different tisanes
    • Applying heat
    • Stone breakers
    • Onions

Heart diseases

Dropsy

Cancer

BONES

XV. LUMBAGO AND RHEUMATIC AILMENTS

Rheumatism

    • Applying heat
    • Rubbings
    • Baths
    • Tisanes and decoctions
    • Remedies with garlic
    • Remedies with nettles
    • Dormouse fat and badger fat
    • Copper bracelets
    • Potato or chestnut in the pocket
    • Other folk remedies

Lumbago

    • Applying heat
    • Rubbings, massages and baths
    • Waist back support and applying patches
    • Folk remedies

Sciatica

Synovitis

Stiff necks; cramps and sore feet

Hump

Rickets

XVI. FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

Bone fractures

Bonesetters

Sprains and dislocations

Dislocation healers

Blows

Appendix: Zantiratua

INJURIES

XVII. WOUNDS AND BLEEDING. EXTRACTING THORNS

Stopping bleeding caused by wounds

    • Water and disinfectants
    • Applying pressure
    • Cigarette paper and cobwebs
    • Thistles and other plants
    • Ash and powdery substances Other practices

Gangrene

    • Cauterisation and bleeding
    • Poultices
    • Herbal tisanes

Tetanus

Extracting thorns/bones and foreign bodies

Appendix: Lightheaded wounded

XVIII. BITES AND STINGS

Dog bites

    • Christmas Eve bread
    • Causes of rabies
    • Symptoms of the disease
    • Treatment
    • Folk healers
    • Outcome of the disease

Snake bites

    • Cauterisations
    • Plant remedies
    • Applying hen cloacal swabs
    • Lancing, sucking and applying tourniquets
    • Different remedies

Attacks by others animals

Insect bites/stings

XIX. FROSTBITE, HEAT-STROKE, CHOKING AND LIGHTNING STRIKE

Frostbite

Heat-stroke

Choking

Lightning strike

    • Caution with trees. Hawthorn
    • Caution with metal tools
    • Caution with livestock
    • House-related prevention
    • Other prevention

Sudden death

PRODUCTIVE CYCLE

XX. REPRODUCTION

Menstruation

    • Referring to the woman herself
    • Referring to touching food and plants

Pregnancy and delivery

Breast-feeding ailments

    • Applying heat
    • Charm to protect the breasts
    • Comforters

Pregnancy terminations

    • Abortifacient plants and other methods

Sterility and fertility

Menopause

CHILDHOOD

XXI. CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES

Infectious diseases

    • Disease and names
    • Remedies
    • Disease and names
    • Remedies
      • Clean air
      • Snail slime
      • Prickly pear sap
      • Kerosene
      • Breathing smoke
      • Tisanes and milk
      • Sweating
      • Drinking water
      • Vaccination
    • Disease and names
    • Remedies
      • Bran and poultices
      • Sheep's wool
      • Tissue

Skin diseases

    • Names and identification
    • Remedies

Digestive ailments

Enfermedades respiratorias

XXII. DENTICIONES. ENURESIS. PROBLEMAS DEL HABLA Y DE LOS NERVIOS

Denticiones

Enuresis

Problemas del habla. Gorrak, mutuak

Espasmos nerviosos, tirtikinak

MEDICINA CREENCIAL

XXIII. CREENCIAS SOBRE LA CAUSA DE ALGUNAS ENFERMEDADES

La maldición, biraoa, como causa de enfermedad

El mal de ojo, begizkoa, y sus efectos en la salud

    • Kutuna. Evangelios
    • Antiguos kutunes
    • Paxea
    • Medallas religiosas

XXIV. SALUD Y RELIGIÓN POPULAR

Ermitas y santuarios frecuentados en casos de enfermedad

    • Santa Casilda. Briviesca (Burgos)
    • San Fausto. Bujanda (A)
    • Virgen de Angosto y Santuario de Oro (A)
    • San Miguel de Aralar (N)
    • Ntra. Sra. de Ujué. Castillo de Javier (N)
    • San Juan de Gaztelugatxe. Andra Mari de Almike (B)
    • Andra Mari de Agirre. Gorliz (B)
    • Basílica de Loyola (G)
    • Sandaili (San Elías). Oñati (G)
    • Otros lugares de peregrinación

Enfermedades de la primera edad

    • Ntra. Sra. del Olmo. Quintanilla de Valdegovía y Ntra. Sra. de Angosto (A)
    • San Antonio de Urkiola (B)
    • Ntra. Sra. de la Antigua. Orduña (B)
    • Ntra. Sra. de Gardotza. Berriatua (B)
    • San Miguel de Aralar (N), Ntra. Sra. de Dorleta y Ntra. Sra. de Arrate (G)
    • Santo Cristo de Lezo (G)
    • Altar del Corpus Christi. Agurain (A)
    • Ntra. Sra. de Arrate. Eibar (G)
    • Santa María Magdalena de Lamindano. Dima (B)
    • Santa Magdalena. Atharratze (Z)
    • Otros lugares de peregrinación
    • San Kiliz. Otazu (A)
    • San Miguel de Villabona. Artaza. Foronda (A)
    • San Esteban. Oñati (G)
    • San Bartolomé. Antzuola (G)
    • Santa Ana. Albiztur (G)
    • San Buenaventura. Unanua (N)
    • San Vicente (Bixintxo). Heleta (BN)
    • San Esteban. Errezil (G)
    • Virgen de los Conjuros. Arbeiza (N)
    • San Antonio de Urkiola (B)
    • San Pedro de Zarikete. Zalla (B)
    • San Felicísimo. Deusto (B)
    • Virgen de la Vega de Haro (La Rioja)
    • Monasterio de San Bernardo de Barria (A)
    • Santa Isabel. Idiazabal (G)
    • San Juan de Gaztelugatxe. Bermeo (B)
    • San Juan de Olaberria (G)
    • Ermitas de San Bartolomé
    • Oratorio de San Bartolomé. Sangüesa (N)
    • San Mamés. Zamudio y Kortezubi (B)
    • Virgen de Uba, Altza y Santa Marina, Asteasu (G)
    • San Miguel Bekoa, Errezil. San Esteban, Bergara. San Isidro, Oñati. San Pelayo, Zarautz (G) y Lekunberri (N)

Enfermedades de adultos

  Introducción de la cabeza en oquedades

    • San Miguel de Excelsis. Aralar (N)
    • San Esteban. Usurbil (G)
    • San Pedro de Zegama y Ntra. Sra. de Zikuñaga. Hernani (G)
    • Santuario de la Bien Aparecida. Ampuero (Cantabria)
    • Sagrario del Monumento del Jueves Santo

  Introducción de la cabeza dentro de la campana

    • Santuario de Oro. Murgia (A)
    • Ntra. Sra. de la Antigua. Ondarroa (B)
    • San Juan de Gaztelugatxe. Bermeo (B)
    • Ntra. Sra. de Okon (A)
    • San Martín. Castillo-Elejabeitia (B)

  Prendas, agua y rodeo a la ermita

    • Santa Felicia. Labiano (N)
    • San Guillermo. Obanos (N)
    • San Víctor de Gauna (A)
    • San Víctor. Obecuri (A)
    • Santa Águeda. Alonsotegi (B)
    • Santa Águeda. Natxitua (B)

  Otras prácticas

    • Santísima Trinidad. Andagoia (A)
    • San Prudencio. Getaria (G)
    • San Formerio. Ribera Alta (A)
    • San Pantaleón. Zalla (B)
    • Santa Leocadia. Urnieta (G)
    • Santa Elena. Irun (G)
    • Ntra. Sra. de Dorleta. Gatzaga (G)
    • Otros lugares de peregrinación
    • Fuentes y pozos de aguas curativas
      • Caspa o herpes. Arrosa
      • Diviesos
      • Verrugas
    • San Bernardo de Barria (A)
    • Santa Quiteria
    • San Roque
    • Otros santos protectores